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With the advancement of computer and network technologies, Internet-based social networks called social networking services have become popular. Trust is a crucial basis for interactions among parties in social networks. Based on trust scores of direct links between parties, a trust sensitivity analysis can help identify which direct link(s) in a social network contributes the most to a trust relationship between parties who are not directly connected in the network. This paper generalizes the research object from two-state social networks to multistate social networks since the trust grade for people in a real social connection may have multiple levels. We model asymmetric multitrust level and multiparty social network systems and propose a probabilistic method based on multivalued decision diagrams (MDDs) to perform trust sensitivity analysis of social networks. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology.

Abstract Background Although the incidence of postoperative atelectasis could be reduced using lung recruitment manoeuvres, it remains high. We hypothesised that intraoperative visual lung recruitment guided by trans-oesophageal lung ultrasound would be more effective than the conventional method for managing postoperative atelectasis. Methods In this randomised, controlled, prospective study, 84 patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy were recruited from Affiliated Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (teaching hospital) in China. Patients were grouped into trans-oesophageal lung ultrasound-guided (Group G, n = 42) and control (Group C, n = 42) groups. Methods Lung recruitment was performed after anaesthesia induction, before chest closure and before the endotracheal tube extubation. In Group C, recruitment pressure was controlled at 30 cm H2O for 10 s (performed thrice); in Group G, the pressure was controlled at 30 cm H2O (performed thrice), and the tidal volume did not exceed 20 ml kg−1 until no atelectasis was detected by trans-oesophageal ultrasound. The primary outcome was lung ultrasound scores measured at the post anaesthesia care unit 30 min after extubation. The secondary outcomes included the oxygenation index (30 min after extubation) and the incidence of atelectasis (30 min after extubation and 3 days after surgery). Results The final analysis included 79 patients. The lung ultrasound score was significantly higher in the control group than in the ultrasound-guided group 30 min after extubation (Group C vs. Group G, 8.6 ± 2.6 vs. 6.5 ± 2.0, P

In this paper, we consider the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation with time-dependent, which has applications in describing the propagation of shallow water waves. Based on the bilinear formalism and with the aid of symbolic computation, we obtain line-soliton, lump, one-lump-one-stripe and one-lump-one-soliton using various ansatze’s function. To realize dynamics, we use diverse plots to analyze these solutions. Obtained solutions are reliable in the mathematical physics and engineering.

In safety-critical systems, components with high reliability are required. Once a component's reliability fails to meet the minimum safety requirements, either the component should be replaced or, transferred to another system which is allowed to operate on a lower reliability level. Safety standards are not only related to the cost of maintenance, but also to the system's (wear-and-tear) and repair degrees. In this paper, two different repair degrees are discussed, and the best safety virtual age criterion is studied in order to minimize financial cost. These results are supported by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]