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Rational functionalization plays an important role to push forward graphene applications in multifarious cutting-edge technologies. A key topic that how to program the regular distribution of functional groups, however, remains a big challenge. Herein , we developed a very simple, high-throughput graphite reduction methodology to attain the negatively-charged graphene which carried ultrahigh-density and evenly-distributed negative charges. Guided by these negative charges, electrophiles were regularly attached to graphene sheets. On the other hand, potassium reduction will not break the carbon-carbon σ-bonds, hence graphene hexagonal lattice was kept as perfect as the pristine pattern. Structural advantages of the negatively-charged graphene derivatives allowed a far more excellent conductivity and electron mobility than the counterparts derived from the prevalent graphene oxide precursor. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow pattern identification is an important topic in multiphase flow research. To overcome the subjectivity of manual identification, intelligent identification of flow patterns has attracted much attention in recent years. Both traditional machine learning methods and deep learning methods have been utilized in this field. However, traditional machine learning methods lack accuracy, and existing deep learning methods mostly rely on artificial feature extraction or complex preprocessing. In this paper, we propose a new method with high accuracy and low preprocessing dependency to solve these issues. We modify ResNet, which has proven high performance in computer vision, to fit the data collected by the wire-mesh sensor system (WMS). Due to its outstanding feature extraction ability, the new model can reach high accuracy with simple normalization as the preprocessing step. Additionally, the model can directly process data at various scales without retraining or rebuilding, which gives it high usability and economic value. The experimental results show that the accuracy of this method can reach 99.58% on our dataset. • A wire-mesh sensor system is applied to flow pattern recognition for the first time. • The method reaches a high accuracy without complex preprocessing. • Neural network models are compatible with data scales. • The influence of the data scale on the recognition effect is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The popularization and widespread use of smartphones and other electronic devices have led to the occurrence of "parents phubbing", which may have a negative impact on child-parent relationship and preschoolers' prosocial behavior., Methods: To clarify this process, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 3,834 parents from 20 kindergartens in Zhuhai, China. This study examined the relationship between between parents phubbing, closeness child-parent relationship, authoritative parenting style and children's prosocial behavior., Results: According to the study, we found a significant negative correlation between parents phubbing and preschoolers' prosocial behavior. Closeness child-parent relationship mediated between parents phubbing and preschoolers' prosocial behavior through mediation effects analysis. In other words, parent phubbing was negatively associated with closeness child-parent relationship, which in turn predicted less child prosocial behavior. In addition, authoritative parenting styles have a moderating effect. As the level of authoritative parenting style increases, the negative impact of parent phubbing on the prosocial behavior of preschool children is attenuated., Discussion: This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between parents phubbing and prosocial behaviors of preschool children, as well as the internal mechanisms at work. Practically, the study suggests that parents should reduce the incidence of phubbing in their contact with their children and, at the same time, work to improve the child-parent relationship and promote the development of prosocial behaviors in children., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shi, Xu and Chu.)

Numerous studies have been conducted on the correlation between preschool children's executive functions and mathematical competence, the findings of those studies are inconsistent. This study used meta-analysis to investigate the correlation between executive functions and mathematical competence of preschool children in China, and then explored the moderating effects of age, gender, and instruments. The researchers conducted an extensive search of CNKI, Web of Science, Google Scholar and used screening criteria to identify 22 studies of Chinese preschoolers aged 3-7 years from 2007 to 2021. The findings indicated that there was a positive correlation between Chinese preschool children's executive functions and mathematical competence ( r  = 0496), of which the effect size between mathematical competence and inhibition control was 0.347, and the effect size for working memory was 0.432, with an effect size of 0.370 for cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, Moderation analysis suggests that the preschoolers' age, gender, and instruments affected the association between the executive functions and mathematical competence. The implications of these findings for theory and practice deserve further discussion., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhong, Xu, Jin, Chen, Zhang and Zhang.)

Kindergarten climate has been reported to be closely associated with teachers' retention intention, yet the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear in some ethnic minority areas in China. Based on the Personal-Environment Fit Theory and Organizational Support Theory, the research aims to examine the correlation between kindergarten climate and retention intention of Chinese kindergarten teachers in ethnic minority areas and the chain mediating role of perceived organizational support, as well as the psychological empowerment. In total, 1,199 Chinese kindergarten teachers were recruited from ethnic minority areas to complete the questionnaires. Based on their responses, the main findings of the study were listed as follows: (1) A supportive kindergarten climate has a positive correlation with perceived organizational support, psychological empowerment, and retention intention. (2) A positive kindergarten climate would increase the retention intention only through the indirect path of perceived organizational support, psychological empowerment, as well as the chain mediating path between these two variables. Taken together, these results further explained the interplay between kindergarten climate and teachers' retention intention. Implications for research on retention intention were discussed. Theoretically, it enriches the theoretical basis related to the external environmental resources and individual cognition. Practically, it means that educational policymakers will need to issue new guidelines to ensure that more kindergarten teachers are retained in China's ethnic minority areas., (Copyright © 2022 Shi, Zhang, Wang, Xu and Yang.)

Zebrafish are a valuable model for normal vertebrate skeletogenesis and the study of myriad bone disorders. Bones grow, ossify and change shape throughout the zebrafish lifetime, and 3D technologies allow us to examine skeletogenic processes in detail through late developmental stages. To facilitate analysis of shape, orientation and tissue density of skeletal elements throughout ontogeny and adulthood, we generated a high-resolution skeletal reference dataset of wild-type zebrafish development. Using microCT technology, we produced 3D models of the skeletons of individuals ranging from 12 to 25 mm standard length (SL). We analyzed the dynamics of skeletal density and volume as they increase during juvenile and adult growth. Our resource allows anatomical comparisons between meristic units within an individual-e.g., we show that the vertebral canal width increases posteriorly along the spine. Further, structures may be compared between individuals at different body sizes: we highlight the shape changes that the lower jaw undergoes as fish mature from juvenile to adult. We show that even reproductively mature adult zebrafish (17-25 mm SL) continue to undergo substantial changes in skeletal morphology and composition with continued adult growth. We provide a segmented model of the adult skull and a series of interactive 3D PDFs at a range of key stages. These resources allow changes in the skeleton to be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively through late stages of development, and can serve as anatomical references for both research and education., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Nguyen, Lanni, Xu, Michaelson and McMenamin.)