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Insufficient color feature extraction can lead to poor prediction performance in rare earth element composition estimation. To address this issue, we propose a one-dimensional convolutional method for predicting rare earth element composition. First, images of rare earth element solutions, color space features (HSV and YUV), and spatial texture features are extracted. Because the trend of rare earth element composition is closely related to the extraction stage, we select the corresponding extraction stage of the image as a key feature. A feature selection technique based on Random Forest Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RF-RFECV) is applied to select the most relevant features, with a mixed feature set being obtained. Based on this, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network prediction model with multiple residual attention blocks (MRAB-DNN) is introduced. The proposed model incorporates the Residual Attention Block (RAB) structure, which mitigates the effects of noisy weights, subsequently enhancing both prediction accuracy and the rate of convergence. Experimental assessments on field images utilizing the MRAB-DNN model with an amalgamation of features indicate that our methodology surpasses alternative techniques in thorough image feature extraction. Moreover, it presents dual advantages of speed and precision in predicting the composition of rare earth elements. Such a model holds potential for real-time monitoring of rare earth element composition in extraction production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting pathological complete response (pCR) for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial in establishing individualized treatment. Whole-slide images (WSIs) of tumor tissues reflect the histopathologic information of the tumor, which is important for therapeutic response effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether predictive information for pCR could be detected from WSIs. We retrospectively collected data from four cohorts of 874 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven breast cancer. A deep learning pathological model (DLPM) was constructed to predict pCR using biopsy WSIs in the primary cohort, and it was then validated in three external cohorts. The DLPM could generate a deep learning pathological score (DLPs) for each patient; stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were selected for comparison with DLPs. The WSI feature-based DLPM showed good predictive performance with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 among the cohorts. Alternatively, the combination of the DLPM and clinical characteristics offered a better prediction performance (AUC >0.70) in all cohorts. We also evaluated the performance of DLPM in three different breast subtypes with the best prediction for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype (AUC: 0.73). Moreover, DLPM combined with clinical characteristics and stromal TILs achieved the highest AUC in the primary cohort (AUC: 0.82) and validation cohort 1 (AUC: 0.80). Our study suggested that WSIs integrated with deep learning could potentially predict pCR to NAC in breast cancer. The predictive performance will be improved by combining clinical characteristics. DLPs from DLPM can provide more information compared to stromal TILs for pCR prediction. • Whole-slide images integrated with deep learning can predict therapeutic response. • Predictive performance could be improved by combing clinical characteristics. • Deep learning pathological scores could provide more complementary information compare to TILs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population research on the intervention of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in lactating women is in its infancy in China. This study investigated the effect of DHA supplementation on DHA concentrations in the breast milk of lactating women, and the intervention effect, with respect to different dietary patterns. In this trial, 160 healthy lactating women in Nanjing (30–50 days postpartum) were recruited and randomly divided into control (one placebo capsule of similar appearance per day) and supplement (one capsule with 200 mg of DHA from algal oil per day) groups for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, all subjects were asked to maintain basic information, maternal anthropometric parameters, breast milk (10–15 mL) sample collection, and a dietary survey using a food frequency questionnaire. The concentrations of DHA and other fatty acids in breast milk were detected using capillary gas chromatography. This study was completed by 137 subjects, with 60 in the control group and 77 in the supplement group. Compared with the DHA concentrations in the breast milk at enrollment, the absolute concentrations of the control group showed a significant decrease at the end of the trial (p = 0.037). In addition, after intervention, the absolute and relative DHA concentrations in the supplement group (10.07 mg/100 mL and 0.40%, respectively) were higher than those in the control group (7.57 mg/100 mL and 0.28%, respectively), being statistically significant (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001). Furthermore, the maternal diet in the supplement group was divided into four dietary patterns. Pattern 1 mainly included fruits and livestock meat. Pattern 2 was dominated by milk and its products, eggs, fish, shrimp and shellfish, and soybeans and its products. Pattern 3 chiefly comprised cereal and beans other than soybeans, potatoes, and nuts. Pattern 4 was high in poultry meat and low in cooking oils. The change in the absolute concentration of DHA in Pattern 3 was lower than that in other patterns (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation in lactating mothers increased breast milk DHA concentrations. The dietary pattern mainly characterized by cereal and beans other than soybeans, potatoes, and nuts may contribute to the poor intervention effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving efficient efficiency and selectivity for the electroreduction of CO2 to value‐added feedstocks has been challenging, due to the thermodynamic stability of CO2 molecules and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, a dual‐single‐atom catalyst consisting of atomically dispersed CuN4 and NiN4 bimetal sites is synthesized with electrospun carbon nanofibers (CuNi‐DSA/CNFs). Theoretical and experimental studies reveal the strong electron interactions induced by the electronegativity offset between the Cu and Ni atoms. The delicately averaged and compensated electronic structures result in an offset effect that optimizes the adsorption strength of the *COOH intermediate and boosts the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) kinetics, notably promoting the intrinsic activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The CuNi‐DSA/CNFs catalyst exhibits an outstanding FECO of 99.6% across a broad potential window of −0.78– −1.18 V (vs the reversible hydrogen electrode), a high turnover frequency of 2870 h–1, and excellent durability (25 h). Furthermore, an aqueous Zn‐CO2 battery for CO2 power conversion is constructed. This atomic‐level electronegativity offset of the dual‐atom structures provides an appealing direction to develop advanced electrocatalysts for the CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (Fbw7) is well known as a tumor suppressor and ubiquitin ligase which targets a variety of oncogenic proteins for proteolysis. We previously reported that Fbw7 promotes apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through Fbw7-mediated ubiquitination of Stat3. This study aimed to identify the mechanism of Fbw7-mediated aerobic glycolysis reprogramming in DLBCL. Methods: Expression levels of Fbw7 and Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in human DLBCL samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Crosstalk between Fbw7 and LDHA signaling was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, western blotting and mRNA quanlitative analyses. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to assess the effect of the Fbw7-mediated LDHA/lactate/miR-223 axis on DLBCL cells growth. Results: Fbw7 could interact with LDHA to trigger its ubiquitination and degradation. Inversely, lactate negatively regulated Fbw7 via trigging the expression of miR-223, which targeted Fbw7 3'-UTR to inhibit its expression. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that miR-223 promoted tumor growth and that the effects of miR-223 on tumor growth were primarily related to the inhibition of Fbw7-mediated LDHA's ubiquitination. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the ubiquitin-ligase Fbw7 played a key role in LDHA-related aerobic glycolysis reprogramming in DLBCL. Our study uncovers a negative functional loop consisting of a Fbw7-mediated LDHA/lactate/miR-223 axis, which may support the future ABC-DLBCL therapy by targeting LDHA-related inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a thermodynamically driven metal diffusion strategy for the controlled synthesis of high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals using electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as nanoreactors. This conceptual pathway is resistant to high temperatures and produces a series of medium-entropy alloy (MEA) and HEA nanocrystals supported on CNFs by adjusting the numbers and kinds of elements. The FeCoNiCrMn/CNFs obtained the lowest overpotential of 345 mV at 50 mA cm−2 compared to MEA. The operando electrochemical Raman results indicate that the enhanced electron transfer from low-electronegativity Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn to the orbit of the Co atom makes Co a local negative charge center, leading to the decrease in absorption energy of OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Forceps delivery is one of the most important measures to facilitate vaginal delivery. It can reduce the rate of first cesarean delivery. Frustratingly, adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with forceps delivery have been frequently reported in recent years. There are two major reasons: one is that the abilities of doctors and midwives in forceps delivery vary from hospital to hospital and the other one is lack of regulations in the management of forceps delivery. In order to improve the success rate of forceps delivery and reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal complications, we applied form-based management to forceps delivery under an intelligent medical model. The aim of this work is to explore the clinical effects of form-based management of forceps delivery. Methods. Patients with forceps delivery in Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University were divided into two groups: form-based patients from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, were selected as the study group, while traditional protocol patients from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, were chosen as the control group. Then, we compared the maternal and neonatal outcomes of these two groups. Results. There were significant differences in the maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes such as rate of postpartum hemorrhage, degree of perineal laceration, and incidence of neonatal facial skin abrasions between the two groups, whereas differences in the incidence of asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage were not significant. Conclusions. Form-based management could help us assess the security of forceps delivery comprehensively, as it could not only improve the success rate of the one-time forceps traction scheme but also reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nutritional status of vitamin A in lactating mothers and infants is still not optimistic. Due to the dietary habits and dietary restrictions of postpartum customs in China, vitamin A supplementation has been advocated as a potential strategy to improve vitamin A status of lactating mothers with inadequate dietary vitamin A intake. Existing clinical trials are limited to single or double high-dose maternal administrations. However, in China, vitamin A supplements are readily available in the form of daily oral low-dose supplements, and the effect of these is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the retinol levels in the serum and breast milk of lactating mothers and the health status of infants in China. Methods: Lactating mothers who met the inclusion criteria and planned to continue exclusive breastfeeding were randomly assigned to receive either daily oral vitamin A and D drops (one soft capsule of 1800 IU vitamin A and 600 IU vitamin D2), or a matching placebo for 2 months. Before and after the intervention, dietary intake was investigated by instant photography, and the retinol concentration in maternal serum and breast milk was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During the trial, the health status of infants was diagnosed by a paediatrician or reported by lactating mothers. A total of 245 participants completed the study, with 117 in the supplementation group and 128 in the control group. Results: After the 2-month intervention, maternal serum retinol concentrations increased in the supplementation group with no change in the control group. Although breast milk retinol concentrations decreased significantly in both groups, the decrease in the supplementation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, maternal vitamin A supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of infant febrile illness, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and eczema. Conclusions: Daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation is helpful in improving maternal vitamin A status, despite having no effect on infant health status through breast milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of minimally invasive arthroscopy for knee gout when comparing with joint ultrasonography and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). From January 2016 to December 2018, 121 inpatients with knee joint swelling and pain were prospectively enrolled, including 63 gout patients and 58 non-gout patients. All patients underwent pre-operative ultrasonography and DECT to evaluate knee joint monosodium urate (MSU) deposits, followed by minimally invasive arthroscopy. The gold-standard for gout diagnosis was defined as the detection of MSU crystals in the synovial fluid under polarizing microscopic or pathological analysis. The diagnostic results of ultrasonic double contour sign, hyperechogenic foci, MSU deposition (detected by DECT), MSU deposition (detected by arthroscopy) and MSU deposition in cartilage (detected by arthroscopy) were significantly associated with that of the gold-standard. Except for hyperechogenic foci, the other four indexes had high sensitivity and specificity (approximately or over 80%) and a large odds ratio (OR) (14.73 to 36.56), indicating good diagnostic performance. Detection of MSU deposition in cartilage by arthroscopy had a good diagnostic agreement with the ultrasonic double contour sign (κ = 0.711, p < 0.001). Joint ultrasonography, DECT, and minimally invasive arthroscopy had high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of knee gouty arthritis. Minimally invasive arthroscopy was superior to joint ultrasonography and DECT, which can be a useful supplement for the diagnosis of gout. This is the first study comparing the diagnostic performance for knee gout among the joint ultrasonography, DECT, and minimally invasive arthroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compliance with dietary guidelines among pregnant women can positively influence not only their own health but also the health of their babies. Measuring the compliance requires professional skills in nutrition and dietary counseling. In China, few simple and effective techniques assess dietary quality among pregnant women, especially in rural areas. We aimed to establish a new simple and effective assessment technique, the "Chinese Dietary Guidelines Compliance Index for Pregnant Women (CDGCI-PW)" and assess the association between maternal dietary compliance and risks of pregnancy complications. Methods: The CDGCI-PW consists of 13 main components which were based on the 2016 edition of the Chinese dietary guidelines for pregnant women. Each component was assigned a different score range, and the overall score ranged from 0 to 100 points. The Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study (from September 2013 to May 2016) was a prospective cohort study designed to examine maternal dietary and lifestyle effects on the health of pregnant women and their offspring. The maternal diet during the second trimester was compared with the corresponding recommended intake of the Chinese balanced dietary pagoda for pregnant women to verify their compliance with dietary guidelines. The association between maternal dietary quality and risks of pregnancy complications was estimated by regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to identify the optimal cut-off values of CDGCI-PW for gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Results: Among the 2708 pregnant women, 1489 were eventually followed up. The mean CDGCI-PW score was 74.1 (standard deviation (SD) 7.5) in the second trimester. The majority of foods showed the following trend: the higher the CDGCI-PW score, the higher the proportion of pregnant women who reported food intake within the recommended range. Moreover, a higher maternal CDGCI-PW score was significantly associated with lower risks of gestational hypertension [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [(CI): 0.30 (0.20, 0.37)] and GDM [OR (95% CI): 0.38 (0.31, 0.48)]. The optimal CDGCI-PW cut-off value for gestational hypertension was ≥68.5 (sensitivity 82%; specificity: 61%; area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.743), and the optimal CDGCI-PW cut-off score for GDM was ≥75.5 (sensitivity 43%; specificity: 81%; area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.714). Conclusions: The CDGCI-PW is a simple and useful technique that assesses maternal diet quality during pregnancy, while adherence to the CDGCI-PW is associated with a lower risk of gestational hypertension and GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study investigated a large variety of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in house dust collected from Guangzhou, South China during 2015–2018. The perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) exhibited the highest median concentration (17.6 ng/g), followed by linear perfluorooctanoic acid (L-PFOA; 4.8 ng/g), linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (L-PFOS; 4.2 ng/g), 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2 diPAP; 3.4 ng/g), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA; 1.2 ng/g) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA; 1.2 ng/g), and 6:2 chlorinated perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA; 1.1 ng/g). Total concentrations of PFASs (median: 53 ng/g) were generally within the 25–50 percentile of the concentration range reported in global studies. However, our samples exhibited composition profiles different from those reported in many other regions. Analysis based on this and previous studies revealed that the compositions in house dust from East Asia, North America, and Europe exhibit a region-specific pattern. This may indicate region-specific market demands, application patterns, as well as associated human exposure risks. Exploration of dwelling characterizations suggested that renovation history appeared to be a significant factor influencing PFAS concentrations in house dust, although other factors may exist and play a role. Estimation of daily intakes via dust ingestion and dermal contact indicates low exposure risks from these two pathways. However, the PFAS chemical-specific biological effects, possible mixture effects, as well as additional exposure pathways, imply that the risk from indoor PFAS exposure should not be overlooked. • Our study investigated various PFAS chemicals in house dust collected from South China. • Dust compositions of PFASs from East Asia, North America and Europe exhibit a region-specific pattern. • Renovation history may be a significant factor influencing PFAS concentrations in house dust. • Estimation of daily intakes via dust ingestion and dermal contact indicates low exposure risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An External Quality Assessment (EQA) program was developed to investigate the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67 immunohistochemical (IHC) detection in breast cancer and to evaluate the reproducibility of staining and interpretation in 44 pathology laboratories in China.Methods: This program was implemented through three specific steps. In study I, three revising centres defined the reference value for 11 sections. In study II, 41 participating centres (PC) stained and interpreted 11 sections by their own daily practice IHC protocols. In study III, all cases received second interpretation opinions.Results: The stained slides of 44 laboratories were up to the interpretation standard. The overall interpretation concordance rate of this study was over 90%. A perfect agreement was reached among the PCs for the cases with ER+ and PR+ > 50% and Ki-67 > 30%, whereas a moderate agreement was observed for intermediate categories. After second interpretations, the misclassification rates for ER were reduced by 12.20%, for PR were reduced by 17.07%, and for Ki-67 were reduced by 4.88%. Up to 31 PCs observed a benefit from the second opinion strategy.Conclusions: This project is the first EQA study performed on a national scale for assessment of ER, PR and Ki-67 status by IHC in China. In the whole IHC evaluation process, the intermediate categories were less reproducible than those with high expression rates. Second opinions can significantly improve the diagnostic agreement of pathologists' interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and poly-fluorinated substances (PFASs) are known to have the potential of binding to certain proteins. Protein binding is important to the understanding of cellular toxicities, biotransformation pathways, and the fate of selected PFASs. In this work, we provide a systematic review of major approaches to characterizing PFAS-protein binding, including the techniques based on separation, calorimetry, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, molecular docking, and surfactant nature of PFASs. These approaches enable qualitative and/or quantitative characterization of binding parameters, such as the binding affinity constant and binding stoichiometry. For each approach, we review its principles and evaluate inherent strengths and limitations. In addition, the main methodologies for the identification of binding sites and target proteins are reviewed. Through the integrated review and identification of knowledge gaps and challenges, our work will guide the selection of methodologies for better characterizations of the mechanisms, kinetics, and adverse effects of PFAS-protein binding. • A systematic review of major approaches to characterizing PFAS-protein binding. • Approaches for the identification of binding sites and target proteins are reviewed. • The strengths and weaknesses of each method are summarized. • Knowledge gaps and challenges are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple strategy is developed for synthesis of PdCu nanoplates as efficient ORR electrocatalysts with simultaneously highly methanol tolerance. [Display omitted] The methanol-poisoning of electrocatalysts at the cathodic part of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) can severely degrade the overall efficiency. Therefore, engineering cathodic catalysts with outstanding oxygen reduction activity, and simultaneously, superior methanol tolerance is greatly desired. Herein, bimetallic palladium-copper (PdCu) nanoplates with the optimized d-band center are designed as promising cathodic catalysts for DMFCs. It shows outstanding oxygen reduction activity with a mass activity (MA) of 0.522 A mg Pd −1 in alkaline electrolyte, overwhelming the benchmarked commercial Pt/C and Pd/C. Meanwhile, it has prominent stability with only 4.0 % loss in MA after continuous 20 K cycles. More importantly, the PdCu nanoplates are almost inert toward methanol oxidation and show excellent anti-methanol capability. The theoretical calculations reveal that the downshift of d-band center in PdCu nanoplates and the electronic interaction between Pd and Cu atoms could effectively lower the methanol adsorption energy, thus leading to enhanced methanol tolerance. This work highlights the important role of tuning the electronic structure and optimized geometry of electrocatalysts to simultaneously boost their oxygen reduction activity, stability, and methanol tolerance for their future application in DMFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Cu 9 S 5 @MoS 2 core–shell heterostructure with controlled layers were synthesized through the combination of electrospinning technology and a chemical vapor deposition method via an in situ S vapor-assisted strategy. [Display omitted] Binary transition metal chalcogenide core–shell nanocrystals are considered the most promising nonprecious metal catalysts for large-scale industrial hydrogen production. Herein, we report a one-dimensional, space-confined, solid-phase strategy for the growth of a Cu 9 S 5 @MoS 2 core–shell heterostructure by combining electrospinning and chemical vapor deposition methods. The Cu 9 S 5 @MoS 2 core–shell nanocrystals were synthesized in situ on carbon nanofibers (Cu 9 S 5 @MoS 2 /CNFs) by an S vapor graphitization process. Tuning of the MoS 2 shell numbers can be controlled by changing the mass ratio of the Cu and Mo precursors. We experimentally determined the effects of the thickness of the MoS 2 shell on the electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic and alkaline solutions. When the mass ratio is 3:1, the Cu 9 S 5 @MoS 2 /CNFs show the fewest MoS 2 shells with just 1–2 layers each and exhibit the best HER performance with small overpotentials of 116 mV and 114 mV in acidic and alkaline solutions, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The core shell structures, with their unique Cu-S-Mo nanointerfaces, could enhance the electron transfer and surface area, thus increasing the performance of the HER. This work provides a facile method to design unique core shell assemblies in one-dimensional nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar-driven water evaporation is a promising solution for global water scarcity but is still facing challenges due to its substantial energy requirements. Here, a magnetic soft robotic bionic fish is developed by combining magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and carboxymethyl chitosan. This bionic fish can release liquid water through hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase transition and dramatically reduce energy consumption. The introduced Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles endow the bionic fish with magnetic actuation capability, allowing for remote operation and recovery. Additionally, the magnetic actuation process accelerates the water absorption rate of the bionic fish as confirmed by the finite element simulations. The results demonstrate that bionic fish can effectively remove not only organic molecular dyes dissolved in water but also harmful microbes and insoluble microparticles from natural lakes. Moreover, the bionic fish maintains a good purification efficiency even after five recycling cycles. Furthermore, the bionic fish possesses other functions, such as salt purification and salt rejection. Finally, the mechanism of water purification is explained in conjunction with molecular dynamics calculations. This work provides a new approach for efficient solar-energy water purification by phase transition behavior in soft robotics., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objectives: To propose a histological-grades-based Osseous Tumor Radiological Interpretation and Management System (OT-RIMS) that would simplify the radiological evaluation of bone tumors, categorize key radiological features into severity levels, and inform corresponding patient management actions., Methods: This retrospective study between January 2015 and August 2022 evaluated patients with solitary bone tumors confirmed by pathology and imaging follow-up received two or three imaging modalities of radiographs, CT, or MRI. Three radiologists independently assessed radiological features, categorized bone lesions based on OT-RIMS criteria, and reached a consensus. Kappa statistics and observed agreement were calculated., Results: A total of 341 patients (mean age, 26.0 years; 159 women) were included, with 102 malignant, 177 benign, and 62 intermediate or low-grade malignant bone lesions. Sensitivity and specificity of readers 1, 2, and 3, respectively, in the identification of malignant tumors into OT-RIMS 4 were 93.1% (95 of 102) and 93.3% (223 of 239), 96.1% (98 of 102) and 91.6% (219 of 239), 92.2% (94 of 102) and 89.5% (214 of 239). Inter-reader agreement of OT-RIMS category for three readers was considered excellent (Kendall's W = 0.924, p < 0.001) with a kappa value of reproducibility in categories 1&2, 3, and 4 of 0.764, 0.528, and 0.930, respectively., Conclusion: The OT-RIMS category demonstrated excellent reproducibility despite the reader's expertise level in categorizing the risk stratification of bone tumors and informing patient management, with histological grades used as the reference standard., Advances in Knowledge: The OT-RIMS category reliably stratifies bone tumors into four categories corresponding to histological grades and standardized patient management., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Institute of Radiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can cause adverse perinatal outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the placenta of an ICP pregnancy differs in morphology and gene expression from the placenta of a normal pregnancy. To date, however, the genetic mechanism by which ICP affects the placenta is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in main cell types, gene signatures, cell ratio, and functional changes in the placenta between ICP and normal pregnancy., Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology was used to detect the gene expression of all cells at the placental maternal-fetal interface. Two individuals were analyzed - one with ICP and one without ICP. The classification of cell types was determined by a graph-based clustering algorithm. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the R software phyper () function and DAVID website. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs) were identified using getorf and DIAMOND software., Results: We identified 14 cell types and 22 distinct cell subtypes that showed unique functional properties. Additionally, we found differences in the proportions of fibroblasts 1, helper T (Th) cells, extravillous trophoblasts, and villous cytotrophoblasts, and we observed heterogeneity of gene expression between ICP and control placentas. Furthermore, we identified 263 DEGs that belonged to TF families, including zf-C2H2, HMGI/HMGY, and Homeobox. In addition, 28 imprinted genes were preferentially expressed in specific cell types, such as PEG3 and PEG10 in trophoblasts as well as DLK1 and DIO3 in fibroblasts., Conclusions: Our results revealed the differences in cell-type ratios, gene expression, and functional changes between ICP and normal placentas, and heterogeneity was found among cell subgroups. Hence, the imbalance of various cell types affects placental activity to varying degrees, indicating the complexity of the cell networks that form the placental tissue system, and this alteration of placental function is associated with adverse events in the perinatal period.

This study aimed to systematically review interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using specific criteria to identify randomized controlled trials that focused on pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV and their children from birth to 2 years of age. We extensively searched electronic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar up to October 24, 2023. After screening 3,110 titles and abstracts, we reviewed 306 full texts. Of these, we assessed the quality and risk of bias of fifty-five articles, ultimately identifying seven studies. Four of these studies, which focused on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were included in the meta-analysis. There was little heterogeneity in study methodology and pooled estimates. The postnatal HIV transmission rate was found to be 0.01 (95%CI: 0.00 - 0.02). Therefore, the risk of mother-to-child transmission among breastfeeding mothers with HIV was significantly lower in the intervention groups than in the placebo groups. Analysis of funnel plots and Egger's test (p = 0.589) showed no evidence of publication bias. In addition to the four articles, two studies compared different ART regimens and one study compared the administration of high-dose vitamin A to the mother or the child. The results suggest that the use of ART significantly reduces the risk of postnatal HIV transmission compared with placebo. However, the effectiveness of different ART regimens or other therapies, including high-dose vitamin A, is unclear.

Background and Aims: Concurrent hearing and genetic screening of newborns have been widely adopted as an effective strategy in early diagnosis and intervention for hearing loss in many cities in China. Here, we aimed to firstly explore the efficacy of combining conventional hearing screening with genetic screening among the large-scale newborns in Jiangxi Province., Methods: A total of 24,349 newborns from Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital were enrolled in our study from April 2021 to June 2022. Newborn hearing screening was conducted using otoacoustic emission (OAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR). Meanwhile, newborn dried blood spots were collected and twenty common variants in four genes, including GJB2 , SLC26A4 , MT-RNR1 ( 12SrRNA ), and GJB3 , were screened using a BGISEQ-500 next generation sequencing platform. Whole coding regions sequencing of GJB2 and SLC26A4 were performed by Sanger sequencing and NGS, respectively. Following up of hearing for the newborns was undertaken by phone interviews., Results: Among the 24,349 newborns, 7.00% (1,704/24,349) were bilaterally or unilaterally referred in their initial hearing screening, whereas 1.30% (316/24,349) exhibited bilateral or unilateral hearing loss in the repeated screening. Genetic screening revealed that 4.813% (1,172/24,349) of the screened newborns were positive for at least one mutant allele (heterozygote, homozygote, or compound heterozygote in one gene, mtDNA homoplasmy or heteroplasmy and combined variants in different genes). A total of 1,146 individuals were identified with mutant allele in one gene, including 525 of GJB2 , 371 of SLC26A4 , 189 as homoplasmic or heteroplasmic of MT-RNR1 , and 61 of GJB3 , indicating that GJB2 and SLC26A4 are the most common endemic deafness-associated genes among newborns in Jiangxi Province. Nineteen newborns were detected with combined heterozygous variants in different genes, with "c.235delC heterozygous and c.919-2A > G heterozygous" as the most prevalent genotype. Additionally, seven newborns were screened as homozygotes or compound heterozygotes responsible for congenital or late-onset prelingual hearing loss, including three cases with GJB2 c.235delC homozygous and one with SLC26A4 c.919-2A > G homozygous variant, one case with compound heterozygous variants for GJB2 and two with compound heterozygous variants for SLC26A4 . Coding regions sequencing of GJB2 or SLC26A4 for overall 265 infants revealed that 14 individuals were identified as compound heterozygote with a second pathogenic variant not screened by our genetic panel., Conclusions: Herein our study firstly investigated the efficacy of concurrent hearing screening and genetic screening of common hearing impairment variants among large-scale newborns in Jiangxi Province. Concurrent screening provides a more comprehensive approach for management of congenital or delayed onset prelingual hearing loss and prevention of drug-induced hearing impairment for newborns at risk as well as their maternal relatives. An insight into the molecular epidemiology for hearing loss genes among Jiangxi population will also be beneficial to the genetic counseling and birth defect prevention., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2022 Luo, Yang, Wang, Xu, Huang, Liu, Zhang, Huang, Ma, Lu, Huang, Yang, Zou and Liu.)

Purpose: The present study sets out to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of conversion surgery following induction immunochemotherapy for patients with initially unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a real-world scenario., Materials and Methods: In this multi-center, real-world study (NCT04822103), patients who had unresectable ESCC disease were enrolled across eight medical centers in China. All patients received programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor plus chemotherapy every 3 weeks for at least two cycles. Patients with significant relief of cancer-related clinical symptoms and radiological responsive disease were deemed surgical candidates. Feasibility and safety profile of immunochemotherapy plus conversion surgery, radiological and pathological tumor responses, as well as short-term survival outcomes were evaluated. Moreover, data of an independent ESCC cohort receiving induction chemotherapy (iC) were compared., Results: One hundred and fifty-five patients were enrolled in the final analysis. Esophagectomy was offered to 116 patients, yielding a conversion rate of 74.8%. R0 resection rate was 94%. Among the 155 patients, 107 (69.0%) patients experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) and 45 (29.0%) patients reported grade 3 and above TRAEs. Significant differences in responsive disease rate were observed between iC cohort and induction immunochemotherapy (iIC) cohort [objective response rate: iIC: 63.2% vs. iC: 47.7%, p = 0.004; pathological complete response: iIC: 22.4% vs. iC: 6.7%, p = 0.001). Higher anastomosis fistula rate was observed in the iC group (19.2%) compared with the iIC group (4%). Furthermore, Significantly higher event-free survival was observed in those who underwent conversion surgery., Conclusion: Our results supported that conversion surgery following immunochemotherapy is feasible and safe for patients with initially unresectable locally advanced ESCC. Both radiological and pathological response rates were significantly higher in the iIC cohort compared with those in the traditional iC cohort., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Huang, Wu, Cheng, Zhou, Xu, Lin, Wang, Tang, Ben, Zhang, Xie, Zhou, Chen, Zhuang, Tang, Xu, Du, Xie, Wang, He, Zhang, Sun, Li, Sun, Liu, Yang, Xie, Fu and Qiao.)

Developing advanced electrocatalysts with low cost for electrocatalytic water splitting are highly desirable. Herein, we report the design of two-dimension on two-dimension growth of hierarchical Ni 0.2 Mo 0.8 N nanosheets on Fe-doped Ni 3 N nanosheets supported on Ni foam (Ni 0.2 Mo 0.8 N/Fe-Ni 3 N/NF) via hydrothermal reaction and nitridation treatment. In the hierarchical structures, small Ni 0.2 Mo 0.8 N nanosheets were uniformly anchored on Fe-Ni 3 N nanosheets. Due to enhanced electron transfer between Ni 0.2 Mo 0.8 N and Fe-Ni 3 N, Ni 0.2 Mo 0.8 N/Fe-Ni 3 N/NF exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). After stability tests for 50 h, Ni 0.2 Mo 0.8 N/Fe-Ni 3 N/NF exhibits negligible degradation of the current density for the OER (91% remain) and HER (95% remain), suggesting excellent stability. Owing to the outstanding performance, Ni 0.2 Mo 0.8 N/Fe-Ni 3 N/NF display a cell voltage of 1.54 V (10 mA cm -2 ) for electrocatalytic overall water splitting., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification of proteins, and it has a profound influence on diverse life processes. An abnormal polysaccharide structure and mutation of the glycosylation pathway are closely correlated with human cancer progression. Glycoproteins such as EGFR, E-cadherin, CD44, PD-1/PD-L1, B7-H3 and Muc1 play important roles in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and their levels of glycosylation and changes in glycosyl structure are closely linked to HNSCC progression and malignant transformation. The regulation of protein glycosylation in HNSCC provides potential strategies to control cancer stem cell (CSC) subgroup expansion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor-related immunity escape and autophagy. Glycoproteins with altered glycosylation can be used as biomarkers for the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognostication of HNSCC. However, the glycobiology of cancer is still a new field that needs to be deeply studied, especially in HNSCC., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Objective: To investigate the proportion of HER2 gene amplifications and the association between the HER2-IHC-staining pattern and gene status in IHC-2+ breast cancers according to 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and re-evaluated the IHC-staining pattern of 2538 IHC-2+ surgical specimens of breast cancer from November 2014 to October 2015 in 12 institutions. All cases used for building a prediction model of HER2 gene amplification according to the IHC-staining pattern and were randomly divided into a training set (n = 1914) or validation set (n = 624). Results: The overall HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) amplification, non-amplification and equivocation rates in HER2 IHC-2+ cases were 17.8%, 76.2% and 6.0%, respectively. In the training set, cases that had ≤ 10% of cells with intense, complete and circumferential membrane staining or had > 85% of cells with complete membrane staining of any staining intensity tended to be HER2 gene amplified (77.0% and 60.5%, respectively). And cases with weak and incomplete membrane staining had the lowest amplification rate of 6.1%. The prediction model was constructed based on IHC-staining pattern in the training set and validated using a validation set. The positive and negative prediction values were 51.6% and 79.2%, respectively, in the validation set. Moreover, the HER2 copy number per cell was much higher in cases with amplification-associated staining patterns (7.84 and 8.75) than in cases with non-amplification-associated staining patterns (2.97 to 4.41, P < 0.05). Conclusions: In HER2 IHC-2+ breast cancers, the staining pattern is associated with the HER2 gene status. This finding is compatible with recommendations of 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Intravascular natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (IVNKTL) is a rare disorder and is reported gradually increased recently. We presented four cases including two extremely rare cases of primary lung IVNKTL with detailed clinicopathological features, therapy and prognosis, and reviewed the literature for 25 similar cases. H&E, Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used in the study. The medium-sized lymphoid cells were characterized by the selective growth within the kumina of vessels, particularly capillaries. The endothelial cells in the vessels exhibited positive CD34 staining. The lymphoid cells were positive for NK/T-cell markers, and cytotoxic proteins, and negative for B-cell markers. ISH demonstrated that the lymphoid cells expressed EBER. All the patients died of the disease a few months later. To conclude, the overall survival of patients with IVNKTL is very poor and the 1-year survival rate is only 31%. Patients with B symptoms and multiple organs involvement may be associated with the poor clinical prognosis. We deduce that the traditional chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) is inadequate for the treatment of IVNKTL. Early accurate diagnosis by biopsy for this lymphoma may be crucial for the patients' medical prognosis due to the fatal disease course., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2017.)

The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of the clinical and histopathological characteristics of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients treated with dose-dense paclitaxel/carboplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Pathological complete response (pCR) and the change in tumor size between pre- and post-NCT were used to evaluate the tumor response.85 ER-positive breast cancer patients who were treated with dose-dense (biweekly) paclitaxel/carboplatin NCT were analyzed with respect to the expression of progesterone receptor (PgR), Tau, Ki67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). These data were used to determine whether these biomarkers could predict the tumor response. A univariate analysis showed that the patients who tested positive for HER2 expression (56.00% vs 11.67%, p<0.01), negative for Tau expression (41.94% vs 14.81%, p=0.005), negative for Bcl-2 expression (46.43% vs 14.04%, p<0.01) and had smaller (≤2 cm) tumors (45.00% vs 18.46%, p=0.02) were associated with higher pCR rates. A multivariate analysis showed that a HER2-positive status (OR: 6.244; 95%CI: 1.734-22.487; p=0.005), Bcl-2-negative status (OR: 0.236; 95%CI: 0.064-0.869; p=0.030) and smaller (≤2 cm) tumor sizes (OR: 0.188; 95%CI: 0.046-0.767; p=0.020) are independent predictors of pCRs. The tumor sizes were significantly reduced in patients with HER2-positive, Tau-negative, Bcl-2-negative and high Ki67 index breast cancer. In conclusion, Bcl-2 negative, HER2-positive and smaller (≤2 cm) tumor sizes are independent predictors of pCR in ER-positive patients treated with dose-dense (biweekly) paclitaxel/carboplatin NCT. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT0205986)., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST We declare that none of the authors have any conflicts of interest.

Background: The ubiquitin-ligase Fbw7 acts as a tumor suppressor, targeting lots of proto-oncogenes for proteolysis. However, the exact role of Fbw7 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) development remains unclear., Methods: We evaluated Fbw7 expression in patient samples of DLBCL using immunohistochemical staining. The effect of Fbw7 overexpression on cell viability and apoptosis was investigated using activated B-cell (ABC) like DLBCL cell lines. The mechanism of Fbw7 activity in DLBCL was investigated using immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination, western blot and qualitative analyses., Results: The non-germinal center B-cell-like subtype of DLBCL showed reduced Fbw7 expression compared with the germinal center B-cell (GBC) subtype, and low Fbw7 expression was associated with a worse prognosis. Fbw7 overexpression caused decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis rates in the ABC-DLBCL cell lines SU-DHL-2 and OCI-LY-3. Importantly, Stat3 and phospho-Stat3 Tyr705 stability were reduced following Fbw7 overexpression in ABC-DLBCL cell lines. In HEK293T and SU-DHL-2 cells, we demonstrated that Fbw7 interacts with Stat3 and pStat3 Tyr705 to regulate their ubiquitylation and degradation. Downstream anti-apoptotic target genes of activated Stat3, including Myc, Survivin, Mcl-1, Pim-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl showed decreased mRNA expression following exogenous Fbw7 overexpression. The negative relationship between Fbw7 and pStat3 Tyr705 levels was also confirmed in DLBCL patient samples., Conclusion: The ubiquitin-ligase Fbw7 mediates apoptosis through targeting Stat3 for ubiquitylation and degradation in ABC-DLBCL. Thus, our study may offer a promising approach for ABC-DLBCL therapy through Stat3 inhibition.