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The Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) is increasingly used to broadly screen for potential treatment effects, e.g., IL6R variant as a proxy for IL6R antagonists. This approach offers an opportunity to address the limited power in clinical trials to study differential treatment effects across patient subgroups. However, limited methods exist to efficiently test for differences across subgroups in the thousands of multiple comparisons generated as part of a PheWAS. In this study, we developed an approach that maximizes the power to test for heterogeneous genotype-phenotype associations and applied this approach to an IL6R PheWAS among individuals of African (AFR) and European (EUR) ancestries. We identified 29 traits with differences in IL6R variant-phenotype associations, including a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in AFR (OR 0.96) vs EUR (OR 1.0, p-value for heterogeneity = 8.5 × 10-3), and higher white blood cell count (p-value for heterogeneity = 8.5 × 10-131). These data suggest a more salutary effect of IL6R blockade for T2D among individuals of AFR vs EUR ancestry and provide data to inform ongoing clinical trials targeting IL6 for an expanding number of conditions. Moreover, the method to test for heterogeneity of associations can be applied broadly to other large-scale genotype-phenotype screens in diverse populations.

In order to deeply study the influence of parallel misalignment failure on fatigue life of pin couplings with elastic sleeves, on the basis of transient dynamic analysis, the influence of different degrees of parallel misalignment on fatigue life is obtained. Based on transient dynamic fatigue analysis data, combined with the differential autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the fatigue life prediction of pin couplings with elastic sleeves is realized. The results show that the minimum fatigue life of pin couplings with elastic sleeves decreases with the increase of the degree of parallel misalignment, and when the degree of parallel misalignment is less than 2.63%, the decrease of minimum fatigue life increases gradually. The predicted fatigue life of 4.74% parallel misalignment is 1.214 0×106, and the relative error between the predicted value and the simulation value is 0.22%, indicating the reliability of the ARIMA model in predicting fatigue life. The research results can provide guidance for the anti-fatigue optimization design of pin couplings with elastic sleeves.

In order to optimize the measurement conditions of 55Fe by liquid scintillation counting, the effect of three kinds of commercial scintillation cocktail and two efficiency correction methods on LSC measurements of 55Fe was tested. Configuration of 55Fe samples with the same matrix as after radiochemical treatment for measurement, Ultima Gold AB has the highest sample loading among the three kinds of scintillation cocktail; the counting efficiency of Ultima Gold LLT is the highest and the MDA is the lowest under different miscibility ratios, and the maximum detection efficiency of Ultima Gold LLT is 49.1% when the miscibility ratio is 1∶4, while the MDA is 0.12 Bq. If the sample uses scintillation cocktail different from the quenched standard source, it will have an impact on the accuracy of the results, with an absolute value of maximum average relative deviation is 3.55% between the measured and expected values under experimental conditions. Comparing the two quenching calibration methods of tSIE and TDCR, the TDCR method can eliminate the influence caused by the simultaneous presence of color and chemical quenching on the 55Fe LSC measurement results, and is a more accurate method for measuring 55Fe. The relative deviations between the measured and expected values obtained from the color and chemical quenching calibration curves are -0.35% to 0.40% and -0.91% to -0.16%, respectively, as verified by the spiked samples.

Abstract The step‐up resonant converters are widely adopted to provide high voltage in kV‐level for electric propulsion system due to their high efficiency, low mass, modularisation, and high‐power density. The bipolar Cockcroft‐Walton voltage multiplier (BiCWVM) is a major circuit that steps up the voltage in the resonant converter. However, the diode non‐linearity in BiCWVM can introduce self‐sustained quasi‐periodic oscillations in the voltage and current waveforms, which is commonly known as the Deane and Hamill (DH) phenomenon. The oscillation can lead to higher magnetic loss and control failure, and it is more likely to present in the gallium nitride‐based converter due to the high‐frequency operation. The authors aim to investigate and mitigate the DH phenomenon systematically so that proper mitigation can be implemented. To facilitate the investigation, the circuit before the BiCWVM in the converter is derived and modelled as a voltage source vm and a series inductor Lsy. Also, the reverse recovery process of the diode in the BiCWVM can be represented by a piecewise‐linear (PWL) model, with the simplified circuit and PWL model, the relationship between voltage and current under different operating conditions can be determined with ease. The relationship allows to understand the mechanism of diode reverse recovery in BiCWVM that leads to DH phenomenon. Finally, a hybrid‐/full‐silicon carbide (SiC) design is proposed to mitigate the DH phenomenon, which is verified experimentally for a 300‐kHz, 5‐W, 20‐V/1.5‐kV GaN‐based step‐up resonant converter.