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Hydrogel fibers, which combine the one-dimensional macroscopic structure of fibers with the three-dimensional microscopic structure of hydrogels, have become a prominent research focus in the field of new fiber materials both domestically and internationally. Bio-based hydrogel fibers, in particular, have garnered significant attention due to their excellent biocompatibility and natural degradability. To gain a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the research status and development trends of bio-based hydrogel fibers, this study reviews domestic and international research achievements on various types of bio-based hydrogel fibers, including those based on proteins, cellulose, and alginates. The preparation methods, key properties, and composite advantages of these fibers are detailed. Protein-based hydrogel fibers, represented by silk fibroin and collagen, exhibit remarkable plasticity. Cellulose-based fibers are often constructed through physical cross-linking and are commonly used as reinforcing materials. Composite alginatebased hydrogel fibers exhibit diverse preparation methods and wide applicability. Furthermore, the applications of biobased hydrogel fibers in biomedical fields, such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering, are discussed. Their uses in flexible sensing areas, including strain, pressure, temperature, and humidity sensing, are also covered. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in developing hydrogel fibers based on natural biomass materials are presented, providing a valuable reference for further advancements in creating high-performance, multifunctional, and environmentally friendly bio-based hydrogel fibers.

Objective To investigate the antibacterial performance and biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles-coated root canal nickel titanium instruments(AgNPs-NiTi). Methods AgNPs-NiTi was prepared using pulse electrochemical deposition. The morphology of AgNPs-NiTi was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), and the elemental composition and content were analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The mechanical properties of AgNPs-NiTi were tested. After Co-culturing AgNPs-NiTi with E. faecalis, the antibacterial effect was detected by colony-forming units method. By constructing an in vitro model of E. faecalis biofilm in the root canal of teeth, the antibacterial effect of AgNPs-NiTi was observed using FE-SEM and live/dead bacterial staining. In addition, AgNPs-NiTi was co-cultured with Raw 264.7 cells, and its cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8. Results The pulse electrochemical deposition was used to construct a silver nanoparticle(AgNPs)coating on NiTi instruments with no significant change in the mechanical properties. AgNPs-NiTi significantly inhibited the proliferation of E. faecalis and damaged E. faecalis biofilm in the root canal. AgNPs-NiTi had no significant influence on the proliferation of Raw264.7 cells and had no cytotoxicity. Conclusion The mechanical properties of AgNPs-NiTi are similar to those of nickel titanium instruments. AgNPs-NiTi inhibits E. faecalis proliferation with good biocompatibility.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of most cancer-related deaths, posing a serious threat to women′s health worldwide. At present, although the prognosis of some patients with breast cancer has improved, the emergence of drug resistance and the metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer are still the main reasons for poor prognosis. CD36 is a multiligand transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on various cell types. In recent years, studies have confirmed that CD36 can reshape the lipid metabolism of cancer cells; promote the differentiation of tumor-related macrophages into M2 type and recruitment into tumor tissues; regulate the function of Treg cells, CD8+ T cells, DCs, and other immune cells, and thus promote tumor development. In addition, CD36 is also associated with breast cancer stem cells, metastasis-initiating cells, and breast drug resistant cells. Therefore, CD36 could be an important potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

In order to solve the problem of solder balls being prone to oxidation during long-term storage and transportation, a novel water-based polymer surface treatment agent for solder balls was prepared and researched, with solder balls of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu serving as the research object. The surface treatment agent was formulated with benzotriazole and polyvinyl alcohol 4000 as film-forming agents, using ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, and incorporating a small amount of alkaline complexing agents and surfactants. The solder balls, processed by this surface treatment agent, were characterized through an oxidation resistance test, shear strength test, cavity test, coating condition test and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that after treatment with this surface agent, the shear strength of the solder joint of the solder ball increased by 48%; the cavity rate of the solder joint of the solder ball was less than 4%, meeting the industry requirements(less than 15%). These results indicated that the solder balls treated with this surface treatment agent formed a dense anti-oxidation film on their surface, improving the oxidation resistance of the solder balls.

CTNNB1, encoding β-catenin protein, is the most frequently altered proto-oncogene in hepatic neoplasms. In this study, we studied the significance and pathological mechanism of CTNNB1 gain-of-function mutations in hepatocarcinogenesis. Activated β-catenin not only triggered hepatic tumorigenesis but also exacerbated Tp53 deletion or hepatitis B virus infection-mediated liver cancer development in mouse models. Using untargeted metabolomic profiling, we identified boosted de novo pyrimidine synthesis as the major metabolic aberration in β-catenin mutant cell lines and livers. Oncogenic β-catenin transcriptionally stimulated AKT2, which then phosphorylated the rate-limiting de novo pyrimidine synthesis enzyme CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase) on S1406 and S1859 to potentiate nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, inhibition of β-catenin/AKT2-stimulated pyrimidine synthesis axis preferentially repressed β-catenin mutant cell proliferation and tumor formation. Therefore, β-catenin active mutations are oncogenic in various preclinical liver cancer models. Stimulation of β-catenin/AKT2/CAD signaling cascade on pyrimidine synthesis is an essential and druggable vulnerability for β-catenin mutant liver cancer.