91 results on '"Wils, D."'
Search Results
2. Safety profile of a food dextrin: Acute oral, 90-day rat feeding and mutagenicity studies
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Wils, D., Scheuplein, R.J., Deremaux, L., and Looten, P.H.
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- 2008
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- View/download PDF
3. Long-term gastrointestinal tolerance of NUTRIOSE®FB in healthy men
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Pasman, W, Wils, D, Saniez, M-H, and Kardinaal, A
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Dietary supplementation of different doses of NUTRIOSE®FB, a fermentable dextrin, alters the activity of faecal enzymes in healthy men
- Author
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van den Heuvel, E. G. H. M., Wils, D., Pasman, W. J., Saniez, M.-H., and Kardinaal, A. F. M.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Energy value of a low-digestible carbohydrate, NUTRIOSE® FB, and its impact on magnesium, calcium and zinc apparent absorption and retention in healthy young men
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Vermorel, M., Coudray, C., Wils, D., Sinaud, S., Tressol, J. C., Montaurier, C., Vernet, J., Brandolini, M., Bouteloup-Demange, C., and Rayssiguier, Y.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Short-term digestive tolerance of different doses of NUTRIOSE®FB, a food dextrin, in adult men
- Author
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van den Heuvel, E G H M, Wils, D, Pasman, W J, Bakker, M, Saniez, M-H, and Kardinaal, A F M
- Published
- 2004
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- View/download PDF
7. The comparative gastrointestinal responses of children and adults following consumption of sweets formulated with sucrose, isomalt and lycasin HBC
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Lee, A, Wils, D, Zumbé, A, and Storey, DM
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- 2002
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8. Toxicology and Biodegradability of a Phthalate-Free and Bio-Based Novel Plasticizer.
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Simar-Mentières, S., Nesslany, F., Sola, M.-L., Mortier, S., Raimbault, J.-M., Gondelle, F., Chabot, L., Pandard, P., Wils, D., and Chentouf, A.
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POLLUTANTS ,PLASTICIZERS ,PHTHALATE esters ,FATTY acids ,TOXICOLOGY ,POLYVINYL chloride - Abstract
Phthalate esters, mainly di-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), represent a class of chemicals primarily used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride in a wide range of domestic and industrial applications. These phthalate esters are low-toxicity environmental contaminants. To address these drawbacks, POLYSORB® ID 37, a blend of diesters obtained from esterification of isosorbide with plant-based fatty acids, was developed. The company can now offer PVC manufacturers a new product which competes with phthalates and other such chemicals. The market for plasticizers is very important, and ROQUETTE intends to provide a more sustainable and safer product. Isosorbide diester is bio-based (made from glucose and vegetable fatty acids). This plasticizer is registered in REACH regulation for high volumes (>1000 T/year). Risk assessment was obtained by conducting a wide range of biodegradability and toxicological protocols, using rodent models, according to established guidelines. Overall, all of the toxicological and biodegradability studies demonstrated that POLYSORB® ID 37 is nontoxic to mammalian life and is readily biodegradable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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9. Enzymatically activated coated multiparticulates containing theophylline for colon targeting
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Karrout, Y., Neut, C., Wils, D., Siepmann, F., Deremaux, L., Flament, M.-P., Dubreuil, L., Desreumaux, P., and Siepmann, J.
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- 2010
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10. Evaluation of soluble corn fiber on chemical composition and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy and its effects on in vitro fermentation and in vivo responses in dogs.
- Author
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Panasevich, M. R., Kerr, K. R., Serao, M. C. Rossoni, de Godoy, M. R. C., Guérin-Deremaux, L., Lynch, G. L., Wils, D., Dowd, S. E., Fahey Jr., G. C., Swanson, K. S., and Dilger, R. N.
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FIBER in animal nutrition ,CORN as feed ,FERMENTATION of feeds ,DOGS -- Nutrition ,ENERGY metabolism - Abstract
Dietary fermentable fiber is known to benefit intestinal health of companion animals. Soluble corn fiber (SCF) was evaluated for its chemical composition, nitrogen-corrected true ME (TMEn) content, in vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics, and in vivo effects on nutrient digestibility, fecal fermentation end products, and modulation of the fecal microbiome of dogs. Soluble corn fiber contained 78% total dietary fiber, all present as soluble dietary fiber; 56% was low molecular weight soluble fiber (did not precipitate in 95% ethanol). The SCF also contained 26% starch and 8% resistant starch and had a TMEn value of 2.6 kcal/g. Soluble corn fiber was first subjected to in vitro hydrolytic-enzymatic digestion to determine extent of digestibility and then fermented using dog fecal inoculum, with fermentative outcomes measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. Hydrolytic-enzymatic digestion of SCF was only 7%. In vitro fermentation showed increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of shortchain fatty acids through 12 h, with acetate, propionate, and butyrate reaching peak concentrations of 1,803, 926, and 112 μmol/g DM, respectively. Fermentability of SCF was higher (P < 0.05) than for cellulose but lower (P < 0.05) than for pectin. In the in vivo experiment, 10 female dogs (6.4 ± 0.2 yr and 22 ± 2.1 kg) received 5 diets with graded concentrations of SCF (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, or 1.25% [as-is basis]) replacing cellulose in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dogs were first acclimated to the experimental diets for 10 d followed by 4 d of total fecal collection. Fresh fecal samples were collected to measure fecal pH and fermentation end products and permit a microbiome analysis. For microbiome analysis, extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4 to V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using a nucleotide basic local alignment search tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. Few changes in nutrient digestibility or fecal fermentation end products or stool consistency were observed, and no appreciable modulation of the fecal microbiome occurred. In conclusion, SCF was fermentable in vitro, but higher dietary concentrations may be necessary to elicit potential in vivo responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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11. Potato fiber as a dietary fiber source in dog foods.
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Panasevich, M. R., Rossoni Serao, M. C., de Godoy, M. R. C., Swanson, K. S., Guérin-Deremaux, L., Lynch, G. L., Wils, D., Fahey Jr., G. C., and Dilger, R. N.
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DOGS -- Nutrition ,DOG food ,FIBER in animal nutrition ,STARCH ,DIGESTION ,DOG physiology ,ANIMAL droppings ,IN vitro studies - Abstract
Potato fiber (PF), a coproduct of potato starch manufacture, was evaluated as a potential novel fiber source in dog food. Potato fiber contained 55% total dietary fiber, 29% starch, 4% crude protein, and 2% acid-hydrolyzed fat. The PF substrate was evaluated for chemical composition, in vitro digestion and fermenta-tion characteristics, and in vivo responses. For the in vitro hydrolytic-enzymatic digestion and fermentation experiment, raw and cooked PF substrates were first subjected to hydrolytic-enzymatic digestion to deter-mine OM disappearance and then fermented using dog fecal inoculum. Fermentation characteristics were then measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. For the in vivo experi-ment, 10 female mixed-breed dogs (6.13 ± 0.17 yr; 22 ± 2.1 kg) were provided 5 diets with graded concentra-tions (0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, or 6%) of PF in a replicated 5×5 Latin square design. Dogs were acclimated to the test diet for 10 d, followed by 4 d of total fecal col-lection. Fresh fecal samples were collected to measure fecal pH and fermentation end products. In vitro diges-tion revealed that raw and cooked PF were 32.3% and 27.9% digested enzymatically, whereas in vitro fer-mentation showed that PF was fermentable through 9 h. Raw PF had greater (P < 0.05) acetate, propionate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations at the 12-h time point compared with cooked PF. The in vivo experiment showed no differences in apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, acid-hydrolyzed fat, or energy digestibility of diets containing graded concentrations of PF. However, total dietary fiber digestibility exhibited a linear increase (P< 0.01) with increasing PF concen-trations in the diet. Overall, linear increases (P < 0.01) were observed for all individual and total SCFA, with a concomitant linear decrease (P <0.01) in fecal pH with increasing dietary PF. Fecal protein catabolite concen-trations were low or undetectable, with the exception of spermidine, which exhibited a linear increase with increasing concentrations of PF. These findings indicat-ed that inclusion of PF elicited favorable fermentation characteristics without negatively affecting nutrient digestibility or stool characteristics, indicating that PF could be a functional dietary fiber source in dog foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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12. Impact of a Resistant Dextrin on Intestinal Ecology: How Altering the Digestive Ecosystem with NUTRIOSE®, a Soluble Fibre with Prebiotic Properties, May Be Beneficial for Health.
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Lefranc-Millot, C., GuÉRin-Deremaux, L., Wils, D., Neut, C., Miller, L. E., and Saniez-Degrave, M. H.
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- 2012
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13. Non-coated multiparticulate matrix systems for colon targeting.
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Krenzlin, S., Siepmann, F., Wils, D., Guerin-Deremaux, L., Flament, M.P., and Siepmann, J.
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TARGETED drug delivery ,DRUG coatings ,DRUG tablets ,CONTROLLED release drugs ,MATRICES (Mathematics) ,EXTRUSION process ,DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
Background: Colon specific drug delivery can significantly improve the efficacy of local treatments of inflammatory bowel diseases. Film coatings containing the starch derivative Nutriose have recently been reported to minimize 5-ASA release in media simulating the upper gastro intestinal tract (GIT), while releasing the drug in a time-controlled manner upon contact with feces from Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis patients. It was the aim of this study to prepare Nutriose-containing matrix pellets and mini tablets in order to avoid a film coating step. Methods: Highly dosed matrix pellets were prepared by extrusion-spheronization, highly dosed mini tablets by compression. Various types of lipids were added and drug release measured in 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8, optionally containing pepsin and pancreatin. Results: The type of added lipid and the preparation technique, in particular the curing conditions, significantly affected the resulting drug release kinetics. Glyceryl palmitostearate containing pellets and mini tablets showed the most promising results upon appropriate curing, minimizing premature drug release in media simulating the upper GIT. Conclusion: The proposed novel multiparticulates do not require a film coating step and show an interesting potential for site-specific drug delivery to the colon of inflammatory bowel disease patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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14. Effects of NUTRIOSE((R)) dietary fiber supplementation on body weight, body composition, energy intake, and hunger in overweight men.
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Guerin-Deremaux L, Li S, Pochat M, Wils D, Mubasher M, Reifer C, and Miller LE
- Published
- 2011
15. Peas starch-based film coatings for site-specific drug delivery to the colon.
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Karrout, Y., Neut, C., Wils, D., Siepmann, F., Deremaux, L., Flament, M. P., Dubreuil, L., Desreumaux, P., and Siepmann, J.
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SURFACE coatings ,PEAS ,POLYSACCHARIDES ,DRUG delivery systems ,THIN films ,COLON (Anatomy) - Abstract
Peas starch : ethylcellulose-based film coatings are proposed allowing for site-specific drug delivery to the colon of inflammatory bowel disease patients. The film coatings are poorly permeable for 5-aminosalicylic acid in media simulating the contents of the stomach and small intestine. Thus, they can minimize premature drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract and subsequent absorption into the blood stream. However, once the colon is reached, drug release sets on and is time controlled. This can be attributed to the partial degradation of the peas starch by enzymes secreted by bacteria, which are preferentially present in the colon. Thus, the drug is released at the site of action, which is likely to minimize undesired side effects in the healthy part of the human body and to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. A blend ratio of 1 : 4 peas starch : ethylcellulose and a coating level of 15% (w/w) seem to be optimal for pellet coating. Importantly, the polymeric films can be expected to withstand the mechanical stress encountered in vivo because of the motility of the stomach and small intestine. Furthermore, the systems are long-term stable: drug release from coated pellets remains unaltered during 1-year open storage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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16. Impact of sugar replacers on cognitive performance and function in rats.
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Rozan P, Deremaux L, Wils D, Nejdi A, Messaoudi M, and Saniez M
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- 2008
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17. Long-term gastrointestinal tolerance of NUTRIOSE®FB in healthy men.
- Author
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Pasman, W., Wils, D., Saniez, M.-H., and Kardinaal, A.
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GASTROINTESTINAL system , *BODY weight , *EXCRETION , *SYMPTOMS , *DIARRHEA , *ENZYME activation - Abstract
Objective:To determine the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of NUTRIOSE®FB in men.Design:A randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel, double-blind study.Setting:The metabolic ward of TNO Quality of Life.Subjects:Forty-eight subjects started the study: 16 men participated in one of the three treatments. Subjects consumed either 22.5 g of pure maltodextrin (Glucidex®6), or 30 or 45 g of the dextrin NUTRIOSE®FB daily for 4–5 weeks. Forty-three subjects completed the study (age: 34.7±8.2 years; BMI 24.9±3.3 kg m2).Measurements:Tolerance of NUTRIOSE®FB was examined with a GI complaints questionnaire; effectiveness on colonic flora was examined by faecal analysis; fermentation by breath hydrogen excretion measurement. Furthermore, the effect on body weight (BW), energy intake and blood parameters were examined in the study.Results:Both doses of NUTRIOSE®FB were very well tolerated and GI complaints hardly differed from the placebo treatment. No diarrhoea was reported due to NUTRIOSE®FB supplementation. In the course of the study, some habituation and adaptation of GI symptoms were found. Fermentation and faecal characteristics (pH and enzyme activity) were significantly positively affected with NUTRIOSE®FB treatment. Body weight in both NUTRIOSE®FB groups remained stable over time, although the placebo-treated group showed a small increase in BW (Δday35−1 0.8±1.0 kg) (P=0.07). However, total food intake and macronutrient composition of the diet remained the same throughout the study. No significant differences were found between the three treatment groups in hunger and satiety scores and food preferences.Conclusions:Long-term supplementation of 30 or 45 g of the dextrin NUTRIOSE®FB per day was well tolerated, and may act as a pre-biotic supplement.Sponsorship:TNO Quality of Life was assigned by Roquette Frères to perform the study.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2006) 60, 1024–1034. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602418; published online 15 February 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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18. Long-term gastrointestinal tolerance of NUTRIOSE FB in healthy men.
- Author
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Pasman, W, Wils, D, Saniez, M-H, and Kardinaal, A
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Dietary supplementation of different doses of NUTRIOSE FB, a fermentable dextrin, alters the activity of faecal enzymes in healthy men.
- Author
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van den Heuvel EGH, Wils D, Pasman WJ, Saniez M, and Kardinaal AFM
- Abstract
Background It is well documented that fermentation of carbohydrates that escape digestion exert several effects supposed to be beneficial for (colonic) health, including an increase in stool volume, a shorter intestinal transit time, production of short chain fatty acids and a decrease of colonic pH (Kritchevsky 1988). NUTRIOSE[R]FB is a dextrin that is not completely hydrolysed and absorbed in the small intestine, due to many alpha-1.6 linkages and the presence of non-digestible glucoside linkages (e. g. alpha-1.2 and alpha-1.3). To be beneficial for 'colonic' health effective NUTRIOSE[R]FB must reach the cecum in some form. Aim of the study To estimate how much non digested NUTRIOSE[R]FB is fermented and to determine the fibre-like effect of the wheat dextrin NUTRIOSE[R]FB by analysing enzymatic activity in faeces. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, multiple dose, placebo-controlled, combined cross-over and parallel trial, 20 healthy men (age 31.7 +/- 9.1 yrs; BMI 24.5 +/- 2.9 kg x m[-2] received different treatments. One group of ten subjects consumed on top of their diet 10, 30 and 60 g daily of NUTRIOSE[R]FB or maltodextrin (placebo). The other group of 10 subjects consumed 15, 45 and 80 g daily. Each dose was consumed for 7 days. On the last two days of each of the 7-day period, faeces were collected in which the enzymatic activity and NUTRIOSE[R]FB residue were analysed. Results As expected, the faecal residue of NUTRIOSE[R]FB non-linearly increased with the dose of NUTRIOSE[R]FB to approximately 13% of 80 g/d. Compared with the placebo, 30, 45, 60 and 80 g/d of NUTRIOSE[R]FB increased the concentration of alpha-glucosidase significantly. All daily doses of NUTRIOSE[R]FB (10 g/d to 80 g/d) led to significant changes in concentration of beta-glucosidase. Conclusions The small amount of the residue of NUTRIOSE[R]FB in the faeces suggests that approximately 87% or more of NUTRIOSE[R]FB is digested or fermented in the gastrointestinal tract. Fermentation of NUTRIOSE[R]FB led to an increased faecal concentration of alpha- and beta-glucosidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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20. Energy value of a low-digestible carbohydrate, NUTRIOSE® FB, and its impact on magnesium, calcium and zinc apparent absorption and retention in healthy young men.
- Author
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Vermorel, M., Coudray, C., Wils, D., Sinaud, S., Tressol, J. C., Montaurier, C., Vernet, J., Brandolini, M., Bouteloup-Demange, C., and Rayssiguier, Y.
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CARBOHYDRATES ,ENERGY metabolism ,MAGNESIUM ,CALCIUM ,ZINC ,YOUNG men ,DIET - Abstract
Background Long- term consumption of imbalanced diets, poor in dietary fibres, resulted in the prevalence of several nutritional pathologies. However, low digestible carbohydrates (LDC) have many beneficial effects, especially on energy intake, digestive physiology, and mineral absorption. Aim of the study To determine the digestive effects of a LDC, called NUTRIOSE® FB, its metabolisable energy (ME) value, and its effects on mineral absorption in humans. Methods Ten healthy young men were fed for 31 d periods a maintenance diet supplemented with either dextrose or the LDC at a level of 100 g DM/d, in six equal doses per d according to a cross-over design. After a 20 d adaptation period, food intake was determined for 11 days using the duplicate meal method, and faeces and urine were collected for 10 d for further analyses. Results Ingestion of the LDC did not cause severe digestive disorders, except excessive gas emission, and flatulence and slight abdominal pain in some subjects for intakes above 50 g DM/d. Wet and dry stool outputs increased by 45 and 70 %, respectively (P <0.02). In vitro enzymatic digestibility of the LDC was 15 (SD 1.5) %,and 9.2 (SD 8.3) % of the LDC was excreted in faeces (P < 0.001). The ME value of the LDC was 14.1 (SD 2.3) kJ/g DM, that is 14% less than the tabulated values of sucrose and starch. Its net energy value (NEV), estimated using three prediction equations, was 8.7,8.9, and 11.4 kJ/g DM. Ingestion of the LDC significantly increased the relative apparent absorption of Mg, and Mg retention by 67 % and 31 mg/d, respectively, tended to increase Ca apparent absorption (P=0.110) and Ca retention (P = 0.059), but did not significantly alter Zn parameters. Conclusion NUTRIOSE® FB can be used as a "bulking" agent, and substituted up to 50 g/d for usual maltodextrins without causing digestive disorders in healthy subjects. It would reduce intestinal transit disorders and energy intake, and im- prove magnesium and calcium absorption and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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- View/download PDF
21. Short-term digestive tolerance of different doses of NUTRIOSE®FB, a food dextrin, in adult men.
- Author
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van den Heuvel, E. G. H. M., Wils, D., Pasman, W. J., Bakker, M., Saniez, M.-H., and Kardinaal, A. F. M.
- Subjects
- *
DEXTRINS , *DISEASES in men , *DIET , *FOOD , *CARBOHYDRATES , *NUTRITION - Abstract
OBJECTIVE:: To determine the tolerance of increasing dosages of an incompletely hydrolysed and/or incompletely absorbed food dextrin coming from wheat starch, NUTRIOSE®FB, at daily levels of 10 and 15?g up to 60 and 80?g, respectively. DESIGN:: A randomized, double-blind, multiple dose, placebo-controlled, combined crossover and parallel trial. SETTING:: The metabolic ward of TNO Nutrition and Food Research. SUBJECTS:: A total of 20 healthy men (age 31.7±9.1?y; BMI 24.5±2.9?kg/m2). INTERVENTION:: One group of 10 subjects consumed on top of their diet 10, 30 and 60?g of NUTRIOSE®FB or maltodextrin (placebo) daily. The other group of 10 subjects consumed 15, 45 and 80?g daily. Each dose was consumed for 7 days. RESULTS:: Compared with placebo, flatulence occurred more frequently over the last 6 days on 30, 60 or 80?g/day of NUTRIOSE®FB (P<0.05). During the last 24?h, that is, days 6-7, of 60 and 80?g/day of NUTRIOSE®FB, the frequency of flatulence was even higher (P<0.05). During the last 24?h on a daily dose of 60?g NUTRIOSE®FB, the frequency of defecation decreased (P<0.05). Bloating occurred more often during the last 24?h on 80?g/day of NUTRIOSE®FB (P<0.05). None of the doses of NUTRIOSE®FB resulted in diarrhoea. Compared to baseline levels, breath H2 excretion, which was only measured after a week with 10 and 15?g of NUTRIOSE®FB daily, increased (P<0.05). However, no difference in area under the curve was found. CONCLUSIONS:: NUTRIOSE®FB is a fermentable carbohydrate and is well tolerated up to a dose of 45?g daily. Higher daily dosages (60 and 80?g) may result in flatulence, but does not result in diarrhoea. SPONSORSHIP:: TNO Nutrition and Food Research was assigned by Roquette Frères to perform the study.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) 58, 1046-1055. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601930 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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22. Short-term digestive tolerance of different doses of NUTRIOSE FB, a food dextrin, in adult men.
- Author
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van den Heuvel, E G H M, Wils, D, Pasman, W J, Bakker, M, Saniez, M-H, and Kardinaal, A F M
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Net energy value of two low-digestible carbohydrates, LYCASIN HBC and the hydrogenated polysaccharide fraction of LYCASIN HBC in healthy human subjects and their impact on nutrient digestive utilization.
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Sinaud S, Montaurier C, Wils D, Vernet J, Brandolini M, Bouteloup-Demange C, and Vermorel M
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- 2002
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24. Net energy value of two low-digestible carbohydrates, Lycasin??HBC and the hydrogenated polysaccharide fraction of Lycasin??HBC in healthy human subjects and their impact on nutrient digestive utilization.
- Author
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Sinaud, S., Montaurier, C., Wils, D., Vernet, J., Brandolini, M., Bouteloup-Demange, C., and Vermorel, M.
- Abstract
The metabolizable energy content of low-digestible carbohydrates does not correspond with their true energy value. The aim of the present study was to determine the tolerance and effects of two polyols on digestion and energy expenditure in healthy men, as well as their digestible, metabolizable and net energy values. Nine healthy men were fed for 32 d periods a maintenance diet supplemented either with dextrose, Lycasin??HBC (Roquette Fr??res, Lestrem, France), or the hydrogenated polysaccharide fraction of Lycasin??HBC, at a level of 100 g DM/d in six equal doses per d according to a 3??3 Latin square design with three repetitions. After a 20 d progressive adaptation period, food intake was determined for 12 d using the duplicate meal method and faeces and urine were collected for 10 d for further analyses. Subjects spent 36 h in one of two open-circuit whole-body calorimeters with measurements during the last 24 h. Ingestion of the polyols did not cause severe digestive disorders, except excessive gas emission, and flatulence and gurgling in some subjects. The polyols induced significant increases in wet (+45 and +66 % respectively, P<0??01) and dry (+53 and +75 % respectively, P<0??002) stool weight, resulting in a 2 % decrease in dietary energy digestibility (P<0??001). They resulted also in significant increases in sleeping (+4??1 %, P<0??03) and daily energy expenditure (+2??7 and +2??9 % respectively, P<0??02) compared with dextrose ingestion. The apparent energy digestibility of the two polyols was 0??82 and 0??79 respectively, their metabolizable energy value averaged 14??1 kJ/g DM, and their net energy value averaged 10??8 kJ/g DM, that is, 35 % less than those of sucrose and starch. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2002
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25. P252 Métabolisme prolongé d’une dextrine résistante et profil de ghréline : lien entre fermentation et satiété ?
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Nazare, J.A., Sauvinet, V., Normand, S., Deremaux, L., Desage, M., Wils, D., and Laville, M.
- Published
- 2010
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26. Oral glucose sensing in cephalic phase insulin release.
- Author
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Pullicin AJ, Wils D, and Lim J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Acarbose pharmacology, C-Peptide blood, Taste Perception, Administration, Oral, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Benzene Derivatives, Insulin blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Taste, Postprandial Period, Glucose metabolism, Polysaccharides
- Abstract
Oral stimulation with foods or food components elicits cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR), which limits postprandial hyperglycemia. Despite its physiological importance, the specific gustatory mechanisms that elicit CPIR have not been clearly defined. While most studies point to glucose and glucose-containing saccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltodextrins) as being the most consistent elicitors, it is not apparent whether this is due to the detection of glucose per se, or to the perceived taste cues associated with these stimuli (e.g., sweetness, starchiness). This study investigated potential sensory mechanisms involved with eliciting CPIR in humans, focusing on the role of oral glucose detection and associated taste. Four stimulus conditions possessing different carbohydrate and taste profiles were designed: 1) glucose alone; 2) glucose mixed with lactisole, a sweet taste inhibitor; 3) maltodextrin, which is digested to starchy- and sweet-tasting products during oral processing; and 4) maltodextrin mixed with lactisole and acarbose, an oral digestion inhibitor. Healthy adults (N = 22) attended four sessions where blood samples were drawn before and after oral stimulation with one of the target stimuli. Plasma c-peptide, insulin, and glucose concentrations were then analyzed. Whereas glucose alone elicited CPIR (one-sample t-test, p < 0.05), it did not stimulate the response in the presence of lactisole. Likewise, maltodextrin alone stimulated CPIR (p < 0.05), but maltodextrin with lactisole and acarbose did not. Together, these findings indicate that glucose is an effective CPIR stimulus, but that an associated taste sensation also serves as an important cue for triggering this response in humans., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest DW is affiliated with Roquette Frères. This affiliation does not alter our adherence to journal policies on sharing data and materials., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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27. Slow Digestible Starch in Native Pea Starch ( Pisum sativum L.) Lowers Glycemic Response with No Adverse Effects on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Adults.
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Perreau C, Desailly F, Grard S, Thondre PS, Ahlstrom L, Tammam J, and Wils D
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- Humans, Adult, Pisum sativum, Powders, Glucose, Glycemic Index, Postprandial Period, Cross-Over Studies, Starch pharmacology, Blood Glucose
- Abstract
Diabetes prevalence achieved 470B in 2021. Diabetics are looking for foods that allow them to better manage the postprandial glycemia. Owing to its large amylose fraction, pea starch may contribute to formulate recipes with a lower glycemic index (GI). This study measured the rapidly, slowly digested and resistant fractions in pea starch and in a powder mix recipe. Starch fractions were determined according to the Englyst methodology. A nonblind repeat measure crossover design trial in healthy humans was used to study the GI of pea starch and maltodextrin powder mix recipes against glucose. Gastrointestinal symptoms were measured. Thirteen healthy volunteers aged 18-60 years with body mass index <30 kg/m
2 and fasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L participated in the study. They consumed 25 g available carbohydrate portions of the test products. Blood glucose was measured at -5 and 0 min before consumption till 180 min after starting to eat. The slow digestible starch (SDS) content of native pea starch was 30% of the total starch content. The pea-based powder mix recipe contained 25% SDS in comparison with 9% for the maltodextrin-based recipe. The glucose response after pea starch was significantly lower compared with maltodextrin. The glucose response after pea starch recipe was significantly lower compared with maltodextrin recipe. There was no significant difference in mean scores for well-being and gastrointestinal symptoms after consumption of pea starch and maltodextrin or between the two recipes. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the presence of high SDS content in pea starch, which reduced postprandial glycemic response compared with maltodextrin. The pea starch recipe did not induce any negative gastrointestinal symptoms. Pea starch may, therefore, prove to be a beneficial ingredient in developing food products for improving glycemic control without undesirable side effects.- Published
- 2023
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28. Oral stimulation with maltodextrin: Effect on cephalic phase insulin release.
- Author
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Pullicin AJ, Wils D, and Lim J
- Subjects
- Humans, Blood Glucose, Gelatin, Insulin, Salivary alpha-Amylases
- Abstract
Cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR) occurs following sensory stimulation with food-related stimuli, and has been shown to limit postabsorptive hyperglycemia. While the specific stimuli that elicit CPIR in humans have not been clearly defined, previous research points to sugars as having potential importance. Maltodextrins are a starch-derived food ingredient commonly found in a variety of processed food products. When consumed, salivary α-amylase rapidly cleaves its component saccharides into smaller units, leading to the production of sugars in the mouth. Here, we investigated whether humans elicit CPIR after tasting but not swallowing maltodextrin, and whether the degree of CPIR exhibited is affected by individuals' salivary α-amylase activity. We found that a gelatin-based stimulus containing 22% w/v maltodextrin elicited CPIR in healthy individuals (N = 22) following a modified sham-feeding protocol using both insulin and c-peptide as indices of the response. However, the degree of CPIR measured did not differ across three groupings (low, medium, or high) of effective α-amylase activity by either index. In a follow-up experiment, a subset of participants (N = 14) underwent the same protocol using a gelatin stimulus without maltodextrin, and no observable CPIR ensued. These findings suggest that oral stimulation with maltodextrin elicits CPIR in humans, but that individual differences in effective salivary α-amylase activity may not necessarily be predictive of the degree of CPIR., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest DW is affiliated with Roquette Frères. This affiliation does not alter our adherence to journal policies on sharing data and materials., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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29. Correction to: Impact of dietary supplementation with resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE®) on satiety, glycaemia, and related endpoints, in healthy adults.
- Author
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Hobden MR, Commane DM, Guérin-Deremaux L, Wils D, Thabuis C, Martin-Morales A, Wolfram S, Dìaz A, Collins S, Morais I, Rowland IR, Gibson GR, and Kennedy OB
- Published
- 2021
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30. Impact of dietary supplementation with resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE ® ) on satiety, glycaemia, and related endpoints, in healthy adults.
- Author
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Hobden MR, Commane DM, Guérin-Deremaux L, Wils D, Thabuis C, Martin-Morales A, Wolfram S, Dìaz A, Collins S, Morais I, Rowland IR, Gibson GR, and Kennedy OB
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Energy Intake, Humans, Male, Satiation, Dextrins, Satiety Response
- Abstract
Purpose: Resistant dextrin (RD) supplementation has been shown to alter satiety, glycaemia, and body weight, in overweight Chinese men; however, there are limited data on its effects in other demographic groups. Here, we investigated the effects of RD on satiety in healthy adults living in the United Kingdom., Methods: 20 normal weight and 16 overweight adults completed this randomised controlled cross-over study. Either RD (14 g/day NUTRIOSE
® FB06) or maltodextrin control was consumed in mid-morning and mid-afternoon preload beverages over a 28-day treatment period with crossover after a 28-day washout. During 10-h study visits (on days 1, 14, and 28 of each treatment period), satietogenic, glycaemic and anorectic hormonal responses to provided meals were assessed., Results: Chronic supplementation with RD was associated with higher fasted satiety scores at day 14 (P = 0.006) and day 28 (P = 0.040), compared to control. RD also increased satiety after the mid-morning intervention drink, but it was associated with a reduction in post-meal satiety following both the lunch and evening meals (P < 0.01). The glycaemic response to the mid-morning intervention drink (0-30 min) was attenuated following RD supplementation (P < 0.01). Whilst not a primary endpoint we also observed lower systolic blood pressure at day 14 (P = 0.035) and 28 (P = 0.030), compared to day 1, following RD supplementation in the normal weight group. Energy intake and anthropometrics were unaffected., Conclusions: RD supplementation modified satiety and glycaemic responses in this cohort, further studies are required to determine longer-term effects on body weight control and metabolic markers. CLINICALTRIALS., Gov Registration: NCT02041975 (22/01/2014)., (© 2021. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2021
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31. Potato By-Products as a Source of Natural Chlorogenic Acids and Phenolic Compounds: Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Capacity.
- Author
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Joly N, Souidi K, Depraetere D, Wils D, and Martin P
- Subjects
- Antioxidants chemistry, Solvents chemistry, Antioxidants isolation & purification, Antioxidants pharmacology, Biological Products analysis, Chlorogenic Acid analysis, Phenols analysis, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Solanum tuberosum chemistry
- Abstract
Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the chlorogenic acids content of potato by-product extracts of two hydro alcoholic solvents (methanol, ethanol) and two extraction methods (maceration and heating-assisted extraction) were studied. The content of TPC in the extracts was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as chlorogenic acid equivalents. Soluble phenolic acids, especially the chlorogenic acids, were performed by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of potato by-product extracts was determined by using the total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The highest content of TPC was found in raw and lyophilized red waters when using ethanol as a solvent around 57 mg/g fresh weight. Heating-assisted extraction enhances this quantitative increasing. At the given operating conditions, unpeeled potato samples exhibit a higher TPC than peeled ones, showing that TPC are accumulated in skin tissue. The greatest amount of chlorogenic acid (Caffeoyl-Quinic Acids, 3, 4, 5 CQA), mainly the 5-CQA (870 ± 39.66 µg/g WM for wet matter versus DM dry matter), was obtained in the pellets and lyophilized fresh peels (skin vs. flesh). In addition, the greatest amounts of chlorogenic acids were found when potato peels were extracted with methanol. Heating-assisted extraction improved the chlorogenic acid concentration of the potato peel extracts. The total ORAC amounts recorded in the different potato fractions varied between 1500 and 1650 µM TE/g. They were higher than those of some fruits, vegetables, nuts, cereals, and sweet potato cultivar. The good correlation coefficient found between TPC, chlorogenic acids determination, and the ORAC capacity indicates that the TPC can be used as a good indicator of the antioxidant capacity of potato by-products.
- Published
- 2020
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32. Cyclodextrins as Emerging Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cholesterol-Associated Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases.
- Author
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Coisne C, Tilloy S, Monflier E, Wils D, Fenart L, and Gosselet F
- Subjects
- Animals, Atherosclerosis drug therapy, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cholesterol metabolism, Clinical Trials as Topic, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Lipid Metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases drug therapy, Cyclodextrins chemistry, Drug Carriers chemistry, Neurodegenerative Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, like atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are closely linked to alterations of cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, innovative pharmacological approaches aiming at counteracting cholesterol imbalance display promising therapeutic potential. However, these approaches need to take into account the existence of biological barriers such as intestinal and blood-brain barriers which participate in the organ homeostasis and are major defense systems against xenobiotics. Interest in cyclodextrins (CDs) as medicinal agents has increased continuously based on their ability to actively extract lipids from cell membranes and to provide suitable carrier system for drug delivery. Many novel CD derivatives are constantly generated with the objective to improve CD bioavailability, biocompatibility and therapeutic outcomes. Newly designed drug formulation complexes incorporating CDs as drug carriers have demonstrated better efficiency in treating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. CD-based therapies as cholesterol-sequestrating agent have recently demonstrated promising advances with KLEPTOSE
® CRYSMEB in atherosclerosis as well as with the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in clinical trials for Niemann-Pick type C disease. Based on this success, many investigations evaluating the therapeutical beneficial of CDs in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases are currently on-going.- Published
- 2016
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33. β-Cyclodextrins Decrease Cholesterol Release and ABC-Associated Transporter Expression in Smooth Muscle Cells and Aortic Endothelial Cells.
- Author
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Coisne C, Hallier-Vanuxeem D, Boucau MC, Hachani J, Tilloy S, Bricout H, Monflier E, Wils D, Serpelloni M, Parissaux X, Fenart L, and Gosselet F
- Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that leads to an aberrant accumulation of cholesterol in vessel walls forming atherosclerotic plaques. During this process, the mechanism regulating complex cellular cholesterol pools defined as the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is altered as well as expression and functionality of transporters involved in this process, namely ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI. Macrophages, arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been involved in the atherosclerotic plaque formation. As macrophages are widely described as the major cell type forming the foam cells by accumulating intracellular cholesterol, RCT alterations have been poorly studied at the arterial endothelial cell and SMC levels. Amongst the therapeutics tested to actively counteract cellular cholesterol accumulation, the methylated β-cyclodextrin, KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEβ, has recently shown promising effects on decreasing the atherosclerotic plaque size in atherosclerotic mouse models. Therefore we investigated in vitro the RCT process occurring in SMCs and in arterial endothelial cells (ABAE) as well as the ability of some modified β-CDs with different methylation degree to modify RCT in these cells. To this aim, cells were incubated in the presence of different methylated β-CDs, including KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEβ. Both cell types were shown to express basal levels of ABCA1 and SR-BI whereas ABCG1 was solely found in ABAE. Upon CD treatments, the percentage of membrane-extracted cholesterol correlated to the methylation degree of the CDs independently of the lipid composition of the cell membranes. Decreasing the cellular cholesterol content with CDs led to reduce the expression levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1. In addition, the cholesterol efflux to ApoA-I and HDL particles was significantly decreased suggesting that cells forming the blood vessel wall are able to counteract the CD-induced loss of cholesterol. Taken together, our observations suggest that methylated β-CDs can significantly reduce the cellular cholesterol content of cells forming atherosclerotic lesions and can subsequently modulate the expression of ABC transporters involved in RCT. The use of methylated β-CDs would represent a valuable and efficient tool to interfere with atherosclerosis pathogenesis in patients, nonetheless their mode of action still needs further investigations to be fully understood and finely controlled at the cellular level.
- Published
- 2016
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34. Treatment with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB reduces mouse atherogenesis by impacting on lipid profile and Th1 lymphocyte response.
- Author
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Montecucco F, Lenglet S, Carbone F, Boero S, Pelli G, Burger F, Roth A, Bertolotto M, Nencioni A, Cea M, Dallegri F, Fraga-Silva RA, Fougère L, Elfakir C, Gassner AL, Rudaz S, Parissaux X, Wils D, Salomé M, Vuilleumier N, Poggi A, and Mach F
- Subjects
- Animals, Aorta drug effects, Aorta metabolism, Apolipoproteins E metabolism, Atherosclerosis metabolism, Cholesterol metabolism, Cholesterol, HDL metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy, Hypercholesterolemia metabolism, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation metabolism, Lipids, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Plaque, Atherosclerotic drug therapy, Plaque, Atherosclerotic metabolism, Th1 Cells metabolism, Triglycerides metabolism, Atherosclerosis drug therapy, Lipid Metabolism drug effects, Th1 Cells drug effects, beta-Cyclodextrins pharmacology
- Abstract
The ability of pharmacological agents to target both "classical" risk factors and inflammation may be key for successful outcomes in the prevention and treatment of atherogenesis. Among the promising drugs interfering with cholesterol metabolism, we investigated whether methyl beta-cyclodextrin (KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB) could positively impact on atherogenesis, lipid profile and atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in ApoE-/- mice. Eleven-week old ApoE-/- mice were fed either a normal diet (N.D.) or a high-cholesterol diet (H.D.), resulting in different levels of hypercholesterolemia. KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB (40mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 3 times per week in the last 16weeks before euthanasia in mice under N.D. and in the last 11weeks under H.D. Treatment with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB reduced triglyceride serum levels in both atherogenesis mouse models. In H.D. mice, treatment with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB increased HDL-cholesterol levels and reduced free fatty acids and spleen weight. In both mouse models, treatment with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB reduced atherosclerotic plaque size in thoraco-abdominal aortas and intraplaque T lymphocyte content, but did not induce relevant improvements in other histological parameters of vulnerability (macrophage, neutrophil, MMP-9 and collagen content). Conversely and more markedly in H.D. mice, treatment with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB was associated with a reduction in genetic markers of Th1-mediated immune response. In vitro, KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB dose-dependently abrogated Th1 proliferation and IFNγ release. In conclusion, treatment with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB reduced atherosclerotic plaque size by improving triglyceride serum levels and Th1-mediated response. These results indicate this drug as a potential tool for blocking atheroprogression associated with different severity degrees of hypercholesterolemia., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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35. NUTRALYS(®) pea protein: characterization of in vitro gastric digestion and in vivo gastrointestinal peptide responses relevant to satiety.
- Author
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Overduin J, Guérin-Deremaux L, Wils D, and Lambers TT
- Abstract
Background: Pea protein (from Pisum sativum) is under consideration as a sustainable, satiety-inducing food ingredient., Objective: In the current study, pea-protein-induced physiological signals relevant to satiety were characterized in vitro via gastric digestion kinetics and in vivo by monitoring post-meal gastrointestinal hormonal responses in rats., Design: Under in vitro simulated gastric conditions, the digestion of NUTRALYS(®) pea protein was compared to that of two dairy proteins, slow-digestible casein and fast-digestible whey. In vivo, blood glucose and gastrointestinal hormonal (insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin [CCK], glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1], and peptide YY [PYY]) responses were monitored in nine male Wistar rats following isocaloric (11 kcal) meals containing 35 energy% of either NUTRALYS(®) pea protein, whey protein, or carbohydrate (non-protein)., Results: In vitro, pea protein transiently aggregated into particles, whereas casein formed a more enduring protein network and whey protein remained dissolved. Pea-protein particle size ranged from 50 to 500 µm, well below the 2 mm threshold for gastric retention in humans. In vivo, pea-protein and whey-protein meals induced comparable responses for CCK, GLP-1, and PYY, that is, the anorexigenic hormones. Pea protein induced weaker initial, but equal 3-h integrated ghrelin and insulin responses than whey protein, possibly due to the slower gastric breakdown of pea protein observed in vitro. Two hours after meals, CCK levels were more elevated in the case of protein meals compared to that of non-protein meals., Conclusions: These results indicate that 1) pea protein transiently aggregates in the stomach and has an intermediately fast intestinal bioavailability in between that of whey and casein; 2) pea-protein- and dairy-protein-containing meals were comparably efficacious in triggering gastrointestinal satiety signals.
- Published
- 2015
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36. Modulation of the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs by inclusion of potato fibre in the diet.
- Author
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Panasevich MR, Kerr KR, Dilger RN, Fahey GC Jr, Guérin-Deremaux L, Lynch GL, Wils D, Suchodolski JS, Steer JM, Dowd SE, and Swanson KS
- Subjects
- Animals, Bifidobacterium isolation & purification, Clostridiales isolation & purification, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Feces chemistry, Female, Fermentation, Firmicutes isolation & purification, Fusobacteria isolation & purification, Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology, Prebiotics administration & dosage, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S isolation & purification, Diet veterinary, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Dogs microbiology, Feces microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Solanum tuberosum chemistry
- Abstract
Inclusion of fermentable fibres in the diet can have an impact on the hindgut microbiome and provide numerous health benefits to the host. Potato fibre (PF), a co-product of potato starch isolation, has a favourable chemical composition of pectins, resistant and digestible starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary PF concentrations on the faecal microbiome of healthy adult dogs. Fresh faecal samples were collected from ten female dogs with hound bloodlines (6·13 (SEM 0·17) years; 22·0 (SEM 2·1) kg) fed five test diets containing graded concentrations of PF (0, 1·5, 3, 4·5 or 6% as-fed; Roquette Frères) in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. Extraction of DNA was followed by amplification of the V4-V6 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using barcoded primers. Sequences were classified into taxonomic levels using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) against a curated GreenGenes database. Inclusion of PF increased (P< 0·05) the faecal proportions of Firmicutes, while those of Fusobacteria decreased (P< 0·05). Similar shifts were observed at the genus level and were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. With increasing concentrations of PF, faecal proportions of Faecalibacterium increased (P< 0·05). Post hoc Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive (P< 0·05) correlations with Bifidobacterium spp. and butyrate production and Lactobacillus spp. concentrations. Overall, increases in the proportion of Faecalibacterium (not Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium, as confirmed by qPCR analysis) and faecal SCFA concentrations with increasing dietary PF concentrations suggest that PF is a possible prebiotic fibre.
- Published
- 2015
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37. Intrinsic immunomodulatory effects of low-digestible carbohydrates selectively extend their anti-inflammatory prebiotic potentials.
- Author
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Breton J, Plé C, Guerin-Deremaux L, Pot B, Lefranc-Millot C, Wils D, and Foligné B
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Colitis chemically induced, Colitis immunology, Female, Humans, Immunomodulation drug effects, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation immunology, Intestinal Mucosa drug effects, Intestinal Mucosa immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Mice, Colitis diet therapy, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Inflammation diet therapy, Prebiotics administration & dosage
- Abstract
The beneficial effects of carbohydrate-derived fibers are mainly attributed to modulation of the microbiota, increased colonic fermentation, and the production of short-chain fatty acids. We studied the direct immune responses to alimentary fibers in in vitro and in vivo models. Firstly, we evaluated the immunomodulation induced by nine different types of low-digestible fibers on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. None of the fibers tested induced cytokine production in baseline conditions. However, only one from all fibers almost completely inhibited the production of anti- and proinflammatory cytokines induced by bacteria. Secondly, the impact of short- (five days) and long-term (three weeks) oral treatments with selected fibers was assessed in the trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid colitis model in mice. The immunosuppressive fiber significantly reduced levels of inflammatory markers over both treatment periods, whereas a nonimmunomodulatory fiber had no effect. The two fibers did not differ in terms of the observed fermentation products and colonic microbiota after three weeks of treatment, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory action was not related to prebiotic properties. Hence, we observed a direct effect of a specific fiber on the murine immune system. This intrinsic, fiber-dependent immunomodulatory potential may extend prebiotic-mediated protection in inflammatory bowel disease.
- Published
- 2015
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38. Effects of maltitol and xylitol chewing-gums on parameters involved in dental caries development.
- Author
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Thabuis C, Cheng CY, Wang X, Pochat M, Han A, Miller L, Wils D, and Guerin-Deremaux L
- Subjects
- Actinomyces viscosus isolation & purification, Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Area Under Curve, Dental Plaque chemistry, Dental Plaque microbiology, Dental Plaque Index, Double-Blind Method, Glucans analysis, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillus isolation & purification, Maltose therapeutic use, Statistics, Nonparametric, Streptococcus mutans isolation & purification, Streptococcus sobrinus isolation & purification, Cariostatic Agents therapeutic use, Chewing Gum, Dental Caries prevention & control, Maltose analogs & derivatives, Sugar Alcohols therapeutic use, Xylitol therapeutic use
- Abstract
Aim: The effects on plaque parameters of sugar free chewing-gums (CG) sweetened with either maltitol or xylitol were assessed to better understand the role polyols can play in dental caries prevention., Materials and Methods: A double-blind, parallel, randomised, controlled study was conducted in China. Subjects (N = 258, age = 13 to 15 years-old) were divided into 4 groups: 2 receiving polyols CG, containing respectively maltitol or xylitol, a group receiving gum base (placebo) and a negative control group not receiving any gum. CG were chewed for 30 days. This corresponds to a 10 g consumption of polyol per day. Plaque parameters (growth, pH, bacteria and insoluble glucans) were evaluated throughout the experimental period., Results: All parameters studied were significantly modified with gum base compared to no-gum: plaque pH increased; plaque growth, bacteria (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, A. viscosus and Lactobacillus) and insoluble glucans decreased. Maltitol and xylitol CG led similarly to a higher plaque pH (AUC, p⋜0.05) on short (at baseline after the first CG consumption) and long term (after 4 weeks of daily CG consumption), with or without saliva stimulation compared to both control and placebo groups. They led to a decrease in plaque growth (p=0.02) over the experimental period compared to controls. Moreover, they significantly reduced the concentration of 4 cariogenic bacteria species (p⋜0.05) in dental plaque compared to gum base., Conclusion: Sugar free CG sweetened with either maltitol or xylitol can similarly reduce plaque acidogenicity compared to gum base through a decrease in oral bacteria presence. The use of a gum base placebo allowed to isolate effects on parameters involved in dental caries development specific to maltitol and xylitol, and to show these effects were similar.
- Published
- 2013
39. In vitro fermentation of NUTRIOSE(®) FB06, a wheat dextrin soluble fibre, in a continuous culture human colonic model system.
- Author
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Hobden MR, Martin-Morales A, Guérin-Deremaux L, Wils D, Costabile A, Walton GE, Rowland I, Kennedy OB, and Gibson GR
- Subjects
- Acetates metabolism, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Butyrates metabolism, Chromatography, Gas, Clostridium isolation & purification, Dietary Fiber metabolism, Fatty Acids, Volatile biosynthesis, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Models, Anatomic, Propionates metabolism, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S classification, Tissue Culture Techniques, Clostridium metabolism, Colon microbiology, Dextrins metabolism, Microbiota physiology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Triticum chemistry
- Abstract
Wheat dextrin soluble fibre may have metabolic and health benefits, potentially acting via mechanisms governed by the selective modulation of the human gut microbiota. Our aim was to examine the impact of wheat dextrin on the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota. We used a validated in vitro three-stage continuous culture human colonic model (gut model) system comprised of vessels simulating anatomical regions of the human colon. To mimic human ingestion, 7 g of wheat dextrin (NUTRIOSE(®) FB06) was administered to three gut models, twice daily at 10.00 and 15.00, for a total of 18 days. Samples were collected and analysed for microbial composition and organic acid concentrations by 16S rRNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridisation and gas chromatography approaches, respectively. Wheat dextrin mediated a significant increase in total bacteria in vessels simulating the transverse and distal colon, and a significant increase in key butyrate-producing bacteria Clostridium cluster XIVa and Roseburia genus in all vessels of the gut model. The production of principal short-chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate and butyrate, which have been purported to have protective, trophic and metabolic host benefits, were increased. Specifically, wheat dextrin fermentation had a significant butyrogenic effect in all vessels of the gut model and significantly increased production of acetate (vessels 2 and 3) and propionate (vessel 3), simulating the transverse and distal regions of the human colon, respectively. In conclusion, wheat dextrin NUTRIOSE(®) FB06 is selectively fermented in vitro by Clostridium cluster XIVa and Roseburia genus and beneficially alters the metabolic profile of the human gut microbiota.
- Published
- 2013
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40. The soluble fiber NUTRIOSE induces a dose-dependent beneficial impact on satiety over time in humans.
- Author
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Guérin-Deremaux L, Pochat M, Reifer C, Wils D, Cho S, and Miller LE
- Subjects
- Adult, Body Mass Index, China, Dextrins administration & dosage, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Hunger, Male, Middle Aged, Overweight drug therapy, Overweight physiopathology, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Dietary Supplements, Satiation drug effects
- Abstract
Strong evidence supports the ability of dietary fibers to improve satiety. However, large variations in the physical and chemical characteristics of dietary fiber modulate the physiologic responses. We hypothesized that a nonviscous soluble dietary fiber may influence satiety. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in 100 overweight healthy adults in China investigated the effect of different dosages of dietary supplementation with a dextrin, NUTRIOSE (ROQUETTE frères, Lestrem, France), on short-term satiety over time. Subjects were randomized by body mass index and energy intake and then assigned to receive either placebo or 8, 14, 18, or 24 g/d of NUTRIOSE mixed with orange juice (n = 20 volunteers per group). On days -2, 0, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21, short-term satiety was evaluated with a visual analog scale, and hunger feeling status was assessed with Likert scale. NUTRIOSE exhibits a progressive and significant impact on short-term satiety, which is time and dosage correlated. Some statistical differences appear for the group 8 g/d from day 5, and from day 0 for the groups 14, 18, and 24 g/d. The hunger feeling status decreases significantly from day 5 to the end of the evaluation for the group 24 g and from day 7 for the groups 14 and 18 g. By day 5, the group 24 g showed significantly longer time to hunger between meals compared with placebo. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with a soluble fiber can decrease hunger feeling and increase short-term satiety over time when added to a beverage from 8 to 24 g/d with time- and dose-responses relationship., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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41. Cholesterol-lowering effect of non-viscous soluble dietary fiber Nutriose6 in moderately hypercholesterolemic hamsters.
- Author
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Juhel C, Tosini F, Steib M, Wils D, Guerin-Deremaux L, Lairon D, and Cara L
- Subjects
- Animals, Bile Acids and Salts metabolism, Cholesterol blood, Cholesterol metabolism, Cholesterol, Dietary administration & dosage, Cholesterol, Dietary metabolism, Cricetinae, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber analysis, Hypercholesterolemia blood, Hypercholesterolemia metabolism, Intestinal Absorption, Liver metabolism, Male, Mesocricetus, Solubility, Triticum, Viscosity, Dietary Fiber therapeutic use, Hypercholesterolemia diet therapy
- Abstract
NUTRIOSE6 is a new wheat starch-based low-digestible carbohydrate. This study investigated the effect of this soluble non-viscous fiber on cholesterol metabolism. Hamsters fed with 0.25% cholesterol-enriched diet (CHO) were given graded amounts of NUTRIOSE6, i.e., 0% (cellulose, CHO), 3% (N3), 6% (N6) or 9% (N9) (w:w). As compared to CHO diet, 9% NUTRIOSE6 significantly lowered plasma and LDL cholesterol by 14.5 and 23.8%, respectively. The LDL-cholesterol lowering effect was also significant with the 6% dose (-21.4%). NUTRIOSE6 diets prevented hepatic cholesterol accumulation (-10 to -20%) and significantly decreased bile cholesterol (-47 to -68%) and phospholipids (-30 to -45%) concentrations. The 9% NUTRIOSE6 diet significantly decreased the rate of dietary cholesterol absorption (-25%) and markedly stimulated faecal neutral sterol (+81%) and bile salts (+220%) excretion. No significant change in cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase or LDL-receptor activities was observed whereas 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity was reduced by 29%. Reduced cholesterol and bile salt absorptions and lowered cholesterol synthesis are likely mechanisms underlying the cholesterol lowering effect of NUTRIOSE6. Results suggest the use of NUTRIOSE6 as a new dietary cholesterol-lowering agent that should be tested in humans as treatment and evenly prevention of mild hypercholesterolemia.
- Published
- 2011
42. No observable differences in glycemic response to maltitol in human subjects from 3 ethnically diverse groups.
- Author
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Pratt M, Lightowler H, Henry CJ, Thabuis C, Wils D, and Guérin-Deremaux L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Asian People, Blood Glucose analysis, Body Mass Index, Cross-Over Studies, Diabetes Mellitus prevention & control, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Male, Maltose administration & dosage, Middle Aged, Single-Blind Method, White People, Young Adult, Ethnicity, Glycemic Index, Maltose analogs & derivatives, Sugar Alcohols administration & dosage
- Abstract
Consumption of a low glycemic index (GI) diet may be helpful in the management and prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The investigation of GI has been predominantly confined to white subjects. We hypothesized that differences in glycemic response (GR) may be observable in subjects of different ethnic origin. The objective of the present study was to determine GR to a high GI (glucose) and low GI (maltitol) test drink in subjects of different ethnic origin. In a randomized, single-blind crossover trial, 10 whites, 10 South Indians and 10 Chinese subjects consumed either glucose or maltitol test drink containing 50 g of one of the test products on different occasions. Capillary blood glucose samples were taken at 15 and 10 minutes before and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after consumption of the test drink. The incremental area under the curve of glucose and maltitol were not significantly different between the 3 groups. The mean GR for maltitol was 33.5% in whites, 32.9% in Chinese, and 23.1% in South Indians. The results presented here confirmed that there are no observable differences noted in GR to a high-GI or low-GI test drink between the 3 ethnically diverse groups. We conclude that different ethnic groups exhibit similar GR to low- and high-GI drinks, and GR to maltitol is similar irrespective of ethnic background., (Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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43. Short-term digestive tolerance of high-dose of NUTRIOSE®FB10 in adult.
- Author
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Marteau P, Guerin-Deremaux L, Wils D, Cazaubiel M, and Housez B
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Area Under Curve, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Placebos, Young Adult, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber adverse effects, Digestion
- Abstract
NUTRIOSE®FB10 is a dextrin considered a dietary fiber. The present study aims to assess the digestive tolerance of a high dose of NUTRIOSE®FB10 consumed over the day, and its effect on digestive symptoms. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, 12 healthy men ingested 1 l/day orange juice containing 50 g either NUTRIOSE®FB10 or placebo (maltodextrin) in three equal doses at breakfast, lunch and 4:00 pm meal. Bloating, borborygmus, flatulence, nausea feelings, stomach ache, transit and stool consistency were evaluated at different times after the first consumption. Questionnaires on well-being and bowel movement were completed at 24 and 48 h. For all data except stool consistency, the area under the curve, the maximum score and the time of this maximum were calculated. For stool consistency, the mean score over 48 h was determined. There was no statistical difference between NUTRIOSE®FB10 and placebo on each criterion. NUTRIOSE®FB10 is well tolerated during a single day at 50 g divided into three doses.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Impact of a resistant dextrin with a prolonged oxidation pattern on day-long ghrelin profile.
- Author
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Nazare JA, Sauvinet V, Normand S, Guérin-Deremaux L, Gabert L, Désage M, Wils D, and Laville M
- Subjects
- Adult, Breath Tests, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Carbon Isotopes, Cross-Over Studies, Dextrins metabolism, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified blood, Fermentation, Humans, Hydrogen metabolism, Insulin Secretion, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Polysaccharides pharmacology, Single-Blind Method, Staining and Labeling, Zea mays chemistry, Blood Glucose metabolism, Dextrins pharmacology, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Ghrelin metabolism, Insulin metabolism
- Abstract
Objectives: The effects of a new resistant dextrin ingested at breakfast on day-long metabolic parameters and ghrelin profile at subsequent lunch were investigated., Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover study, 12 healthy men ingested a standardized breakfast with 50 g of NUTRIOSE 10, a resistant dextrin (RD), or of maltodextrin (Malto) and a standardized lunch 5 hours later. Both products (RD and Malto) were derived from corn naturally rich in (13)C to follow their metabolic fate (by using stable isotope analysis). Oxidation and fermentation patterns were assessed by simultaneous (13)CO(2)/H(2) breath testing. The appearance of exogenous (13)C-glucose in plasma, glycemia, insulinemia, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and ghrelin concentrations were measured for 10 hours following breakfast ingestion., Results: With RD, H(2) excretion (fermentation) was significantly enhanced compared with Malto, whereas the appearance of (13)CO(2) (oxidation) was significantly prolonged (p < 0.0001). Following breakfast, ghrelin secretion was significantly less inhibited and NEFA concentration was higher with RD (p < 0.05), but unexpectedly, both remained lower after lunch and up to T600 minutes. According to the reduced bioavailability of RD compared with Malto, the appearance of (13)C-glucose in plasma (p < 0.0001) and glycemic and insulinemic responses to breakfast (p < 0.05) were significantly reduced., Conclusions: Ingestion of this new resistant dextrin at breakfast decreased ghrelin concentrations in response to the subsequent lunch, even if the caloric load ingested at breakfast was lower. This effect may be linked to the prolonged fermentation/oxidation pattern seen in the late postprandial phase (up to 10 hours after ingestion at breakfast), and thus prolonged energy release with the resistant dextrin.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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45. NUTRIOSE dietary fiber supplementation improves insulin resistance and determinants of metabolic syndrome in overweight men: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
- Author
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Li S, Guerin-Deremaux L, Pochat M, Wils D, Reifer C, and Miller LE
- Subjects
- Adiposity, Adult, Biomarkers blood, Body Mass Index, China, Dietary Fiber adverse effects, Dietary Fiber analysis, Double-Blind Method, Energy Intake, Humans, Hyperlipidemias prevention & control, Male, Overweight blood, Overweight physiopathology, Solubility, Time Factors, Waist Circumference, Weight Loss, Dietary Fiber therapeutic use, Dietary Supplements adverse effects, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome prevention & control, Overweight diet therapy
- Abstract
Unlabelled: The influence of dietary fiber on determinants of metabolic syndrome is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of NUTRIOSE supplementation on insulin resistance and the determinants of metabolic syndrome in overweight men. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we supplemented the diets of overweight Chinese men with 250 mL of fruit juice that contained NUTRIOSE (Test group: n = 60, age = 30.4 ± 4.3 years, body mass index (BMI) = 24.5 ± 0.2 kg·m-2) or a maltodextrin placebo (, Control Group: n = 60, age = 31.6 ± 4.1 years, BMI = 24.5 ± 0.3 kg·m-2) at a dosage of 17 g twice daily for 12 weeks. Daily caloric intake, body composition, blood chemistry, and blood pressure were evaluated every 4 weeks during the trial. Test subjects consumed fewer calories per day and had greater reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference than Control subjects. All markers of glucose metabolism improved in the Test group, with increases in adiponectin and reductions in glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, glycosylated hemoglobin, and glycated albumin (all p < 0.01). Similarly, all lipid measures improved with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides (all p < 0.01). No changes were observed in systolic blood pressure between groups. Most components of glucose metabolism and the lipid profile were significantly better in the Test than in the Control subjects. No adverse events or gastrointestinal complaints were reported in either group. Supplementation with NUTRIOSE for 12 weeks is well tolerated, lowers insulin resistance, and improves determinants of metabolic syndrome in overweight men.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Effects of a soluble dietary fibre NUTRIOSE® on colonic fermentation and excretion rates in rats.
- Author
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Guerin-Deremaux L, Ringard F, Desailly F, and Wils D
- Abstract
The resistant dextrin NUTRIOSE®, developed from starch, is expected to act as a prebiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of NUTRIOSE® on cecal parameters, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and fecal excretion in rats. In an initial experiment, twenty-four male Fischer F344 rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments for 14 days: G0 (control diet), G2.5 (control diet + 2.5% of dextrin), G5 (control diet + 5% of dextrin), and G10 (control diet + 10% of dextrin). After 14 days, total cecal weight, cecal content, and cecal wall weight were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to G0. At the same time, cecal pH was significantly lower in G10 compared to G0. Total SCFA concentration was significantly higher in G10 than in G5, G2.5, and G0, and significantly higher in G5 than in G0. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate concentrations were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to the controls. In a second trial based on a similar design, eighteen male Fischer F344 rats were treated with a control diet supplemented with 5% of dextrin or 5% of fructo-oligosaccharide. The results obtained with NUTRIOSE® were similar to those obtained with the fructo-oligosaccharide. In a third experiment, two groups of 5 Fischer F344 rats were orally treated with 100 and 1,000 mg/kg NUTRIOSE®, respectively, and from 18% to 25% of the dextrin was excreted in the feces. The results of these three studies show that the consumption of NUTRIOSE®, by its effects on total cecal weight, cecal content, cecal wall weight, pH, and SCFA production, could induce healthy benefits since these effects are reported to be prebiotic effects.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Enzymatically degraded Eurylon 6 HP-PG: ethylcellulose film coatings for colon targeting in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
- Author
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Karrout Y, Neut C, Siepmann F, Wils D, Ravaux P, Deremaux L, Flament MP, Dubreuil L, Lemdani M, Desreumaux P, and Siepmann J
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal chemistry, Bacteria metabolism, Colon metabolism, Colon microbiology, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Delivery Systems, Drug Stability, Enzymes metabolism, Excipients, Gastrointestinal Tract metabolism, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases metabolism, Mesalamine administration & dosage, Mesalamine chemistry, Polymers, Amylose, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Cellulose analogs & derivatives, Colon drug effects, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases drug therapy, Mesalamine therapeutic use, Starch
- Abstract
Objectives: Film coatings based on blends of Eurylon 6 HP-PG (a hydroxypropylated and pregelatinized high amylose starch) and ethylcellulose were to be evaluated as promising coating materials for site-specific drug delivery to the colon of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases., Methods: Pellet starter cores containing 60% 5-aminosalicylic acid were prepared by extrusion/spheronization and coated with different Eurylon 6 HP-PG:ethylcellulose blends at various coating levels. Drug release was measured in media simulating the contents of the upper gastrointestinal tract (in the presence and absence of enzymes) as well as in media simulating the contents of the colon., Key Findings: 5-Aminosalicylic acid release could effectively be suppressed in 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8, optionally containing pepsin or pancreatin, but occurred as soon as the pellets came into contact with culture medium inoculated with faecal samples from inflammatory bowel disease patients. This can be attributed to the partial degradation of the starch derivative by enzymes secreted by bacteria present in the colon of these patients., Conclusions: The presented drug delivery system is adapted to the pathophysiological conditions in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Furthermore, drug release remained unaltered upon 1 year open storage., (© 2010 The Authors. JPP © 2010 Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Short-term digestive tolerance of chocolate formulated with maltitol in children.
- Author
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Thabuis C, Cazaubiel M, Pichelin M, Wils D, and Guerin-Deremaux L
- Subjects
- Child, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Maltose administration & dosage, Maltose adverse effects, Pain Measurement, Sensation, Sucrose pharmacology, Sugar Alcohols administration & dosage, Sweetening Agents administration & dosage, Cacao chemistry, Digestion drug effects, Flatulence etiology, Maltose analogs & derivatives, Sugar Alcohols adverse effects, Sweetening Agents adverse effects
- Abstract
Introduction: Polyols are molecules of interest for food industries because of their technological and nutritional properties. Maltitol is known for its non-acidogenic and low-energetic properties. Our primary objective was to evaluate the digestive tolerance of maltitol in children. The secondary objective was to compare the organoleptic properties of maltitol and sucrose in chocolate., Method: Healthy children were included in a double-blind, randomized parallel study versus placebo. The subjects received one dose of either maltitol or sucrose chocolate per week. Increasing doses were tested from 5 to 15 g maltitol in chocolate. Abdominal pain, rumbling, bloating and flatulence scores were evaluated using visual analog scales., Results: Some statistical differences on intestinal parameters were observed in the maltitol group compared with placebo, mainly concerning flatulence scores. Nevertheless, these scores remained low and could be considered minor., Conclusion: Our results suggest that maltitol was well tolerated in children at 15 g in one intake.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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49. Nutriose, a prebiotic low-digestible carbohydrate, stimulates gut mucosal immunity and prevents TNBS-induced colitis in piglets.
- Author
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Pouillart PR, Dépeint F, Abdelnour A, Deremaux L, Vincent O, Mazière JC, Madec JY, Chatelain D, Younes H, Wils D, Saniez MH, and Dupas JL
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Colitis chemically induced, Colitis immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory analysis, Immunomodulation, Intestinal Mucosa cytology, Male, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Swine, Colitis prevention & control, Dextrins administration & dosage, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Immunity, Mucosal physiology, Intestinal Mucosa immunology, Prebiotics, Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid toxicity
- Abstract
Background: We investigated a prebiotic low-digestible carbohydrate (LDC) as a possible food ingredient to stimulate bowel functions in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The study aimed to assess a fermentable dextrin fiber (Nutriose) and its relationship to the immune management of the disease and the microbiota profile in colitis-bearing piglets., Methods: In a randomized placebo-controlled parallel blind preclinical study, 32 male piglets were fed LDC (4% Nutriose) or dextrose placebo for 44 days before being challenged with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce colitis. We followed the microbiota profile using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted to 9 bacterial genera. Secretory IgA was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inflammatory protein profiles were monitored in blood and colonic tissues. Both histological scoring of biopsy samples and live endoscopic scoring were used to measure colitis development., Results: Prior and continuing LDC supplementation alleviated the symptoms of colitis (body weight loss, bloody stools) induced by a TNBS challenge. This effect was associated with an improvement in endoscopic and histological scores. LDC was shown to selectively downregulate some of the proinflammatory factors and their concomitant pyretic events and to stimulate the Th2-related immune pathway (IL-10 and s-IgA)., Conclusions: At the dose tested, LDC is a well-tolerated prebiotic agent able to not only stimulate butyrogenic bacteria strains and reduce intestinal transit disorders and energy intake, but also to prevent chronic inflammatory intestinal injuries.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Characterization of ethylcellulose: starch-based film coatings for colon targeting.
- Author
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Karrout Y, Neut C, Wils D, Siepmann F, Deremaux L, Desreumaux P, and Siepmann J
- Subjects
- Cellulose chemistry, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Colon metabolism, Delayed-Action Preparations, Excipients chemistry, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases drug therapy, Water metabolism, Cellulose analogs & derivatives, Drug Carriers chemistry, Drug Delivery Systems, Starch chemistry
- Abstract
Background: The site-specific delivery of drugs to the colon can be highly advantageous for various applications, including the local treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to provide efficient tools that can be used to easily adjust the key properties of novel polymeric film coatings allowing for colon targeting., Methods: Free films based on blends of ethylcellulose and different types of starch derivatives (partially being pregelatinized, acetylated, and/or hydroxypropylated) were prepared and characterized., Results: The key properties of the polymeric systems can effectively be adjusted by varying the polymer blend ratio and type of starch derivative. This includes the water uptake and dry mass loss kinetics as well as the mechanical properties of the films before and upon exposure to aqueous media simulating the contents of the upper GIT., Conclusion: Broad ranges of film coating properties can easily be provided, being adapted to the needs of the respective drug treatment.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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