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BackgroundThe standard approach for evaluating the effects of population-level substance use prevention efforts on youth and young adult perceptions and behaviors has been to compare outcomes across states using national surveillance data. Novel surveillance methods that follow individuals over shorter time intervals and capture awareness of substance use prevention policy and communication efforts may provide a stronger basis for their evaluation than annual cross-sectional studies. ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify a combination of strategies to recruit a sample of youth and young adults sufficiently representative of the Vermont population and determine how best to retain a web-based panel of youth and young adults over a 6-month period. MethodsEligible participants were Vermont residents aged 12 to 25 years who were willing to complete three 10 to 15-minute web-based surveys over a 6-month period. Recruitment was conducted via the following three main mechanisms: (1) web-based recruitment (paid and unpaid), (2) community-based recruitment through partners, and (3) participant referrals via a personalized link. Upon completion of the baseline survey, participants were randomly assigned to one of the following three retention incentive conditions: (1) guaranteed incentive (US $10), (2) lottery incentive (US $50 weekly lottery drawing), and (3) preferred method (guaranteed or lottery). Analyses examined cost per survey start by recruitment source, distribution of demographic characteristics across incentive conditions, and retention by study condition at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. ResultsOver a 10-week period in 2019, we recruited 480 eligible youth (aged 12-17 years) and 1037 eligible young adults (aged 18-25 years) to the Policy and Communication Evaluation (PACE) Vermont Study. Facebook and Instagram advertising produced the greatest number of survey starts (n=2013), followed by posts to a state-wide web-based neighborhood forum (n=822) and Google advertisements (n=749). Retention was 78.11% (1185/1517) at 3 months and 72.18% (1095/1517) at 6 months. Retention was equivalent across all incentive study conditions at both waves, despite a strong stated preference among study participants for the guaranteed payment at baseline. Youth had greater retention than young adults at both waves (wave 2: 395/480, 82.3% vs 790/1037, 76.18%; wave 3: 366/480, 76.3% vs 729/1037, 70.30%). Substance use prevalence in this cohort was similar to national and state-level surveillance estimates for young adults, but was lower than state-level surveillance estimates for youth. Most participants retained at wave 3 provided positive qualitative feedback on their experience. ConclusionsOur study supports the feasibility of recruiting a web-based cohort of youth and young adults with representation across an entire state to evaluate substance use prevention efforts. Findings suggest that a guaranteed payment immediately upon survey completion coupled with a bonus for completing all survey waves and weekly survey reminders may facilitate retention in a cohort of youth and young adults.

"Whose streets? Our streets!" This special forum centered on The Streets Belong to Us: Sex, Race, and Police Power from Segregation to Gentrification conjures this popular urban protest chant that may (or may not) be familiar to many readers. While the response—"our streets!"—is forceful, it is far from a clear-cut truism or uncomplicated declaration. Herein, Fischer and five interlocutors discuss the historical and spatial complexities regarding who has a right to define, navigate, and regulate urban spaces. They take up the questions—to whom do the streets belong—by considering regimes of police power at the nexus of sex, moral reform, and so-called "troublesome" terrains in three twentieth-century U.S. cities. They also engage how, as Fischer states, law-enforcement practices of sexual policing decriminalized white womanhood while criminalizing Black womanhood, and thereby expanded police authority, racialized gendered state violence, carceral feminism, gentrification, and spatialized racial and economic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify longitudinal trajectories of depression in the first 6 months following limb loss and to explore baseline predictors of trajectories, including pain and demographic factors. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether trajectories of depression were associated with elevated symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) at 6 months. Design: Secondary longitudinal data analysis of an inception cohort study of persons with new‐onset limb loss. Participants completed assessments at three intervals (initial, 3 months, and 6 months). Setting: Hospitalized care, acute rehabilitation, ambulatory care, and community. Participants: Participants were recruited from consecutive cases of amputation surgery in a metropolitan hospital system over a period of 4 years (2002–2007). The final sample (n = 203) was predominantly White (79.3%) and male (78.8%) with an average age of 49.4 years (standard deviation [SD] = 14.6). Main Outcome Measure(s): Depression was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9); posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured via the PTSD checklist– Civilian Version (PCL‐C). Results: Four trajectories of depression were identified via Latent Growth Mixture Modeling: Resilience (73.2%), Chronic Depression (11.2%), Emerging Depression (8.9%), and Recovery (6.7%). Average pain intensity significantly predicted trajectory membership. Membership in the Chronic Depression class predicted elevated 6‐month PTS compared to all other classes; membership in the Resilience class predicted lower PTS than in the Chronic and Emerging Depression classes but did not differentiate from the Recovery trajectory. Conclusions: Findings reveal that the course of depression post‐amputation is heterogenous, with varying profiles of symptom development, maintenance, and remission. A majority of individuals were classified as Resilient, whereas a substantial minority of individuals developed clinically significant depression between 3 and 6 months (Emerging Depression), suggesting that early screening during acute care may be insufficient. We detected a significant prospective relation between depression trajectories and distal PTS, advancing the potential clinical utility of trajectory modeling as a risk surveillance tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an analysis of important considerations for documentation for school counselors. Although the American School Counseling Association (ASCA) does not provide a national protocol for documentation of school counseling services, the ASCA Ethical guidelines provide insight into ethical record keeping which protects student confidentiality and aids school counselors in organizing contact data for reporting purposes. This article outlines the various regulatory mandates for student records as well as best practices for school counselors for organizing, maintaining, and destroying counseling records. The relationship between effective record keeping and school counselor accountability is also discussed.

Background: Women with lower extremity amputations (LEAs) tend to have poorer prosthesis‐related outcomes than men, although the literature is sparse. To our knowledge, there are no prior studies examining prosthesis‐related outcomes of women veterans with LEAs. Objective: To examine gender differences (overall and by type of amputation) among veterans who underwent LEAs between 2005 and 2018, received care at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) prior to undergoing amputation, and were prescribed a prosthesis. It was hypothesized that compared to men, women would report lower satisfaction with prosthetic services, poorer prosthesis fit, lower prosthesis satisfaction, less prosthesis use, and worse self‐reported mobility. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that gender differences in outcomes would be more pronounced among individuals with transfemoral than among those with transtibial amputations. Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Linear regressions were used to assess overall gender differences in outcomes and gender differences based on type of amputation in a national sample of veterans. Setting: VHA medical centers. Participants: The sample consisted of 449 veterans who self‐identified their gender (women = 165, men = 284) with transtibial (n = 236), transfemoral (n = 135), and bilateral LEAs (n = 68) including all amputation etiologies. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The Orthotics and Prosthetics User's Survey, Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experiences Scale, and Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility‐Short Form were used to assess satisfaction with prosthetic services, prosthesis fit, prosthesis satisfaction, prosthesis use, and self‐reported mobility. Results: Women had poorer self‐reported mobility than men (d = −0.26, 95% confidence interval −0.49 to −0.02, p <.05); this difference was small. There were no statistically significant gender differences in satisfaction with prosthetic services, prosthesis fit, prosthesis satisfaction, daily hours of prosthesis use, or by amputation type. Conclusions: Contrary to the hypothesis, prosthesis‐related outcomes were similar between men and women with LEAs. Minimal differences may in part be due to receiving care from the VHA's integrated Amputation System of Care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shaw High School marching band has emerged as a collective site of individual and group pride and empowerment in the stories gathered through the community-based "Voicing & Action Project", which the Social Justice Institute debuted in East Cleveland. At first glance, a high school marching band might not have much in common with weighty social justice topics such as challenging marginalization, exposing the workings of power, and advancing fairness. However, when people reminisce about their time as members of the marching band, the stories they tell and the lessons they recall suggest building blocks critical to laboring for a more just society. The band is a source of pride, empowers youth, builds community, and increases access to higher education. These qualities can be reimagined as strategies to advance the cause of social justice in East Cleveland and the world beyond.

Smoking during pregnancy is a leading preventable cause of poor pregnancy outcomes. Financial incentives interventions yield quit rates of approximately 30% during pregnancy, versus approximately 4% in traditional smoking cessation programs. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of translating an efficacious University of Vermont research-based intervention into a rural community setting delivered by the Vermont Department of Health. Pregnant women using tobacco products were recruited from the Women, Infants and Children program and Rutland Women's Healthcare. Women were provided in-person tobacco cessation counseling during regularly scheduled meetings and received gift cards throughout pregnancy and 3 months postpartum contingent upon biochemically verified smoking abstinence. Cessation counseling and abstinence monitoring began with high frequency (three visits per week), tapering through postpartum to biweekly visits. Gift card values began at $15, increasing by $5 for consecutive negative samples, to $40 maximum. Participants completed three surveys (enrollment, 4–6 weeks postpartum, 6–12 months postpartum) assessing smoking habits, and barriers and facilitators of treatment engagement and success. From 2018 to 2020, we enrolled 20 pregnant women, of whom six self-reported quitting tobacco at some point during the intervention. At study completion, three reported sustained abstinence. Results suggest that it is feasible to translate a research-based smoking cessation program into a community setting. This article discusses the challenges faced and the lessons learned when implementing research in a rural community setting, recruiting and retaining participants, and adapting protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2017, the Vermont Tobacco Control Program (VTCP) has worked to reduce the impact of flavored tobacco products on Vermonters. With the proposed U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rules banning menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars and proposed legislation banning sales of all menthol and flavored tobacco products in Vermont, VTCP prioritized resources to support cessation among Vermonters who use menthol tobacco products. In March 2021, VTCP began offering a tailored quitline protocol for adults who use menthol tobacco, including financial incentives, for completed coaching sessions. From March 2021 to May 2022, 66 quitline callers enrolled in the menthol incentive protocol, representing 8% of all quitline callers and 25% of participants in the state's quitline incentive programs. A greater proportion of callers in the menthol incentive program completed three or more quitline calls (58% vs. 38%) and enrolled in phone and text support (61% vs. 32%). Quitline callers enrolled in any incentive protocols (menthol, Medicaid/uninsured, or pregnant) were more likely to request one or two forms of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Quitlines remain an effective, evidence-based method of tobacco cessation, especially in reaching vulnerable populations. Given the targeted marketing of menthol brands to Black and African American populations, LGBTQ+ populations, youth, and neighborhoods with lower incomes, addressing menthol cigarette use is key to improving health equity and health of Vermonters. Early data indicates that the use of financial incentives can increase engagement with a state quitline among menthol tobacco users through greater completion of cessation coaching calls, enrollment in text message support, and NRT usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This will allow providers to more effectively calibrate pain education and create a collaborative treatment plan the patient will be more likely to undertake.[127] Lastly, it is also important to manage expectations regarding the persistent nature of chronic pain and the treatment options available. Small effects on pain intensity were also observed following treatment.[75] Mindfulness treatments are delivered across a wide range of chronic pain conditions and in varying formats including in person, telephone, and web-based self-management. Adults with chronic pain experience worse physical, psychological, and social functioning compared to the general population,[1] and half a trillion dollars are spent annually in the United States on direct health care costs and lost worker productivity.[2] In 2010, the Institute of Medicine released the National Pain Strategy, which highlighted the need to adequately train providers in the assessment and treatment of psychological and social factors contributing to chronic pain and acknowledged how little support medical providers were given to manage complex pain cases that may involve mental health comorbidities and risk of addiction.[3] In response, pain care settings have increasingly utilized interprofessional teams that include mental health providers to better address patient needs. [Extracted from the article]

Student confidentiality can create challenges for both school counselors and administrators. The article addresses historical and ethical issues surrounding confidentiality in schools as well as methods of working toward collaboration. Developing an understanding of one another's ethical, legal, and professional responsibilities can lead to a collaborative and cohesive working alliance. The article tailors strategies at the per-service training, district, and individual levels to create an environment in which administrators and counselors can establish, enhance, or rejuvenate a collaborative relationship.

This article discusses an innovative program, Smart-Girl, developed in collaboration among feminist scholars, educators, and business women concerned with intervening in and improving the lives of adolescent girls in their community. This program is unique not only in its success, but also in the social and emotional impact it has had on the high school and college women who work as group facilitators (mentors) with this program. Smart-Girl is a flexible model for feminist service learning that can be adapted to a wide range of disciplines and courses. The program incorporates the four components of feminist research and pedagogy, as discussed in the introduction to this volume: reflexivity, action orientation, attention to affective components, and use of the situation at hand (Fonow and Cook). Here, the authors review the critical issues facing girls while introducing this research-based, service-learning program. The authors then examine the way this model of feminist pedagogy and empowerment can be replicated on other campuses. (Contains 3 notes and a syllabus..)