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The aim of the work was to develop a method of real time diagnosing electromagnetic fuel injectors using the observation of electric current parameters available in the engine control unit. Performing this task required finding a precise criterion for assessing the correct operation of an electromagnetic injector. For this purpose, a mathematical model describing the individual phases of the injector's operation was used, allowing the simulation of the occurrence of typical failures. On its basis, symptoms of particular failures were determined based on the observation of electric current parameters in the control circuit. Observation of voltage and current waveforms allows to locate both electrical and mechanical damages to the injectors and to assess the correctness of the power system components. The presented diagnostic method allows the detection of the described damages in the early stages of their development, which prevents damage to the catalytic converter and other engine systems (valves, piston rings or cylinder surfaces), i.e. damages resulting from an incorrect fuel mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses the proposition of the identification of electrical waveforms resulting from the executive systems' operation, controlled by the vehicle electronic modules. This proposition results from the fact that the electric current powering the actuator has two functions: to supply and to control. Observation of such waveforms enables the ongoing control as well as the diagnostics of the state of the executive elements. This work focused on the fundamentals of the method implementation in the vehicle controller. The algorithm for detecting the model values of the waveform has been developed and described, allowing for an efficient control of the system. The algorithm, after being used in the memory of the control module and having the measuring subassemblies (gauging the voltage and electric current) added, will enable the automatic detection of the essential values. The developed code, after the optimization, can support the control performed by the ECU, which is damage-orientated. The paper presents examples of the operation of a computational program developed on the basis of the adopted algorithm. Tests were performed on an electromagnetic valve—fuel injector—of a spark-ignition engine for different cases of its operation. The effectiveness of the program was demonstrated when detecting changes occurring in the current signals of fuel injectors corresponding to different engine speeds (time of 4 and 8 ms) and different loads (pressure of 0.2 and 0.4 MPa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a method of diagnosing electromagnetic valves of injection systems in combustion engines. Based on multiple analyses of electrical quantities occurring in the course of the electromagnetic injector work and physical relationships between them, the quantities have been demonstrated on which the fluctuation of the electromagnetic force in the injector depends. Moreover, the results of its fluctuations have been mapped to the electric quantities controlling the fuel injector's work. The research has shown that the current and voltage waveforms contain information on electrical properties of the injector coil and its mechanical properties determining the injector's technical health as well as that of the fuel system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the proposal for modelling the gas (fuel) injector based on observations of changes in the current during operation of the needle is presented. The aim of this work is indicating that the dosage characteristics can be mapped by means of the current characteristics. Moreover, observation of the current allows for determining the actual position of the needle. The time of the real fuel flow and the injector phase position can be determined with a microsecond resolution. The injector core inductance is a constant quantity but as a result of the needle movement and change in the permeability, inductance of the core varies depending on the needle position. These quantities, closely related to the current flowing through the coil, are described by means of differential equations resulting from the Kirchhoff's law, due to which changes taking place can be substantiated. Control of the flux enables the precise controlling of the injector in the actual time, thanks to the employment of fast analogue-digital converters and phase are taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses mutual relations of the dosage characteristics, current intensity characteristics, and voltage characteristics in the fuel injector electromagnet. Changes in current in the electromagnet's coil were monitored in the course of dosage by means of the Hall sensor. Change in the Hall voltage is proportional to the changes in density of the magnetic flux generated around the injector coil during its work. The model of the current dependencies was used to determine the injector technical state in the actual time. The presented diagnostics proposition was created on the basis of the injector dosage characteristics obtained due to experimental research. Change in characteristic values, recorded during generation of the fuel dose allows for determination of the injector technical state, regarding both, the current-related and the mechanical parameters. Controlling in the actual time enables corrections in control parameters as a response to changes, as well as quick detection of damage resulting in switching the injector off the operation. This prevents the faulty operation of the injector, which may result in damage to subsequent components depending on its operation, such as the catalytic reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the method of evaluation of the fuel injector operation based on the observation of the electric current parameters, which were measured with a current transducer using the Hall effect, during the dosing process. This method relies on comparison of the electric current-related values of the examined injector with the model characteristics, which are representing the properly functioning injector. A model of the fuel injector in the form of the electric current waveform that describes the changes in the electric current and voltage during its work is presented in this article. Complex equations describing the fuel injector model under discussion account for the characteristics of the current variations, with no damage-induced modifications. Due to these, the modeled electric current/voltage waveform mirrors the real conditions. The use of a mathematical model describing the voltage–current phenomena occurring during the injector operation allows determining the actual beginning and duration of the injection. The model can also be used to develop new injector diagnostic methods that can be implemented in the engine controller (ECU). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]