10 results on '"Wellcome Trust. UK"'
Search Results
2. Effective knowledge mobilisation: creating environments for quick generation, dissemination, and use of evidence.
- Author
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Ahmad R, Gordon AC, Aylin P, Redhead J, Holmes A, and Evans DP
- Subjects
- Humans, Physical Therapy Modalities, Knowledge
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ policy on declaration of interests and declare the following. ACG served on the data monitoring committee for a trial run by Respiratory30 with fees paid to Imperial College London. AH has shared a PhD student with the chemical engineering department at Imperial College who is cofunded by Shionogi, a global pharmaceutical company.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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3. COVID-19, social isolation and the mental health of autistic people and their families: A qualitative study.
- Author
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Pellicano E, Brett S, den Houting J, Heyworth M, Magiati I, Steward R, Urbanowicz A, and Stears M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Mental Health, Pandemics, Social Isolation, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, COVID-19
- Abstract
Lay Abstract: In this study, we show that autistic people and their families have found it very difficult to deal with the lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Autistic and non-autistic researchers spoke to 144 people, including 44 autistic adults, 84 parents of autistic children and 16 autistic young people (12-18 years old). We asked them about their everyday lives and mental health during lockdown. People told us that they enjoyed having fewer obligations and demands compared to pre-COVID-19 life. They felt that life was quieter and calmer. But people also told us again and again how much they missed meeting people in real life, especially their friends, and their therapists and support workers. People told us that their mental health suffered because they did not have contact with their friends and services. Importantly, many people (including researchers) think that autistic people do not want friends or to be around people. But our results show that is not true. Many autistic people do want friends and to be around other people. Some people's mental health has been damaged by not being able to see people during COVID-19. Autistic people need support in many areas of life so they can keep socialising and seeing their friends even through difficult times, like pandemics.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Human infection studies: Key considerations for challenge agent development and production.
- Author
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Balasingam S, Meillon S, Chui C, Mann A, La C, Weller CL, King DF, and Smith E
- Abstract
Human infection (or challenge) studies involve the intentional administration of a pathogen (challenge agent) to volunteers. The selection, isolation, development and production of the challenge agent is one of the first steps in developing a challenge study and critical for minimising the risk to volunteers. Regulatory oversight for this production differs globally. Manufacturing agents within a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) facility reduces the risk of the manufacturing process by including processes such as confirming the identity of the challenge agent and ascertaining that it's pure and free from impurities. However, in some cases it's not possible or feasible to manufacture to GMP standards, for example where the challenge agent requires an intermediate vector for growth. There is lack of clear guidance on what the minimum requirements for high-quality safe manufacture outside of GMP facilities should be and here we describe the development of a considerations document for the selection and production of challenge agents to meet this need., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2022 Balasingam S et al.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Supporting a Healthy Planet, Healthy People and Health Equity through Urban and Territorial Planning.
- Author
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Marcus G, Siri J, Gatzweiler F, Dora C, Aerts J, Nandudu S, Claeson A, Carbajal P, Roebbel N, Petrella L, and de Sá TH
- Abstract
The form of human settlements impacts on planetary health, population health and health equity. Yet goals for urban and territorial planning are only tangentially linked to public health outcomes. The WHO and UN-Habitat support actions to bring health to the fore in planning and design of human settlements, recently publishing 'Integrating Health in Urban and Territorial Planning: a sourcebook' focusing on 'why' action is needed, 'how' to initiate it; and curating several existing resources on 'what' to do. Recommendations for research, policy and practice include calls for rapid development of closer relationships between public health and spatial planning., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2022 World Health Organization. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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6. OXIS Contacts as a Risk Factor for Approximal Caries: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
- Author
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Muthu MS, Kirthiga M, Lee JC, Kayalvizhi G, Mathur VP, Kandaswamy D, and Jayakumar N
- Subjects
- Child, Formoterol Fumarate, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Dental Caries epidemiology, Dental Caries etiology, Dental Caries Susceptibility
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the individual susceptibility of four different types of OXIS contact areas (open [O], point [X], straight [I], and curved [S]) to approximal caries in children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using clinical photographs and cone-beam computed tomography images of children, available from January 1, 2014, to August 31, 2015, showing the presence of at least one caries-free contact area between the primary molars. A single calibrated examiner scored 1,102 selected contacts using OXIS criteria from the occlusal view and subsequently evaluated the same contacts with a minimum follow-up period of one year for the presence of approximal caries. Results: Of the 1,102 contacts, 259 (23.5 percent) were found to be carious or restored due to approximal caries. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the type of contact played a significant role in caries prevalence (P<0.05). The odds ratios of OXIS contacts for the development of approximal caries were: S contact-147.4 (95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 19.7 to 1101.7); I contact-24.5 (95% CI equals 3.4 to 177.9); X contact-1.1 (95% CI equals 1.0 to 12.5); and O contact-1.00 (reference). Conclusions: Among the OXIS contacts, the S type was most susceptible to approximal caries due to its complex morphology. The broad contact areas, namely, I and S types, are at greater risk for approximal caries in primary molars than O and X contacts.
- Published
- 2021
7. Revealing Secrets: Talismans, Healthcare and the Market of the Occult in Early Twentieth-century China.
- Author
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Bernardi Junqueira LF
- Abstract
This article analyses the place and value of occult arts in the healthcare market of Republican China (1912-1949). Medical historiography has long neglected the resilience of such occult arts as talismans, astrology and divination in the context of China's search for modernity. Focusing on the production, trade, and consumption of goods and services related to talismanic healing, I give voice to Chinese occultists by investigating the formation of a 'market of the occult' in the Republican era. I adopt a global perspective to clarify the changes that occult healing underwent following the popularisation of new printing technologies, mass media and transnational spiritualism in early twentieth-century China. Erstwhile embraced in secrecy, the occult was now being made public. Cheap manuals, wide-circulation newspapers and book catalogues reveal that in contrast to past studies that herald the disenchantment of the world as the hallmark of Chinese modernity, occult healing did not simply survive but thrived in the face of modern science and technology., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for the Social History of Medicine.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Proceedings of an expert workshop on community agreement for gene drive research in Africa - Co-organised by KEMRI, PAMCA and Target Malaria.
- Author
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Thizy D, Pare Toe L, Mbogo C, Matoke-Muhia D, Alibu VP, Barnhill-Dilling SK, Chantler T, Chongwe G, Delborne J, Kapiriri L, Nassonko Kavuma E, Koloi-Keaikitse S, Kormos A, Littler K, Lwetoijera D, Vargas de Moraes R, Mumba N, Mutengu L, Mwichuli S, Nabukenya SE, Nakigudde J, Ndebele P, Ngara C, Ochomo E, Odiwuor Ondiek S, Rivera S, Roberts AJ, Robinson B, Sambakunsi R, Saxena A, Sykes N, Tarimo BB, Tiffin N, and Tountas KH
- Abstract
Gene drive research is progressing towards future field evaluation of modified mosquitoes for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. While many literature sources and guidance point to the inadequacy of individual informed consent for any genetically modified mosquito release, including gene drive ones, (outside of epidemiological studies that might require blood samples) and at the need for a community-level decision, researchers often find themselves with no specific guidance on how that decision should be made, expressed and by whom. Target Malaria, the Kenya Medical Research Institute and the Pan African Mosquito Control Association co-organised a workshop with researchers and practitioners on this topic to question the model proposed by Target Malaria in its research so far that involved the release of genetically modified sterile male mosquitoes and how this could be adapted to future studies involving gene drive mosquito releases for them to offer reflections about potential best practices. This paper shares the outcomes of that workshop and highlights the remaining topics for discussion before a comprehensive model can be designed., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Delphine Thizy, Lea Pare Toe and Naima Sykes have interests that might be perceived as competing interests as they are working for Target Malaria, a not-for-profit project developing gene drive technologies to complement existing tools for malaria control. Similarly, Lydia Kapiriri, Abha Saxena and Paul Ndebele are currently serving as members of Target Malaria's independent ethics advisory committee. They have no other role in the Target Malaria project., (Copyright: © 2021 Thizy D et al.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Proceedings of an expert workshop on community agreement for gene drive research in Africa - Co-organised by KEMRI, PAMCA and Target Malaria.
- Author
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Thizy D, Pare Toe L, Mbogo C, Matoke-Muhia D, Alibu VP, Barnhill-Dilling SK, Chantler T, Chongwe G, Delborne J, Kapiriri L, Nassonko Kavuma E, Koloi-Keaikitse S, Kormos A, Littler K, Lwetoijera D, Vargas de Moraes R, Mumba N, Mutengu L, Mwichuli S, Nabukenya SE, Nakigudde J, Ndebele P, Ngara C, Ochomo E, Odiwuor Ondiek S, Rivera S, Roberts AJ, Sambakunsi R, Saxena A, Sykes N, Tarimo BB, Tiffin N, and Tountas KH
- Abstract
Gene drive research is progressing towards future field evaluation of modified mosquitoes for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. While many literature sources and guidance point to the inadequacy of individual informed consent for any genetically modified mosquito release, including gene drive ones, (outside of epidemiological studies that might require blood samples) and at the need for a community-level decision, researchers often find themselves with no specific guidance on how that decision should be made, expressed and by whom. Target Malaria, the Kenya Medical Research Institute and the Pan African Mosquito Control Association co-organised a workshop with researchers and practitioners on this topic to question the model proposed by Target Malaria in its research so far that involved the release of genetically modified sterile male mosquitoes and how this could be adapted to future studies involving gene drive mosquito releases for them to offer reflections about potential best practices. This paper shares the outcomes of that workshop and highlights the remaining topics for discussion before a comprehensive model can be designed., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Delphine Thizy, Lea Pare Toe and Naima Sykes have interests that might be perceived as competing interests as they are working for Target Malaria, a not-for-profit project developing gene drive technologies to complement existing tools for malaria control. Similarly, Lydia Kapiriri, Abha Saxena and Paul Ndebele are currently serving as members of Target Malaria's independent ethics advisory committee. They have no other role in the Target Malaria project., (Copyright: © 2021 Thizy D et al.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Why Creating a Digital Library for the History of Medicine is Harder than You'd Think!
- Author
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Chaplin S
- Subjects
- History of Medicine, Libraries, Digital
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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