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Water adsorption energy, Eads, is a key physical quantity in sustainable chemical technologies such as (photo)electrocatalytic water splitting, water desalination, and water harvesting. In many of these applications, the electrode surface is operated outside the point (potential) of zero charge, which attracts counter-ions to form the electric double layer and controls the surface properties. Here, by applying density functional theory-based finite-field molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the effect of water adsorption energy Eads on surface acidity and the Helmholtz capacitance of BiVO4 as an example of metal oxide electrodes with weakly chemisorbed water. This allows us to establish the effect of Eads on the coordination number, the H-bond network, and the orientation of chemisorbed water by comparing an oxide series composed of BiVO4, TiO2, and SnO2. In particular, it is found that a positive correlation exists between the degree of asymmetry ΔCH in the Helmholtz capacitance and the strength of Eads. This correlation is verified and extended further to graphene-like systems with physisorbed water, where the electric double layers (EDLs) are controlled by electronic charge rather than proton charge as in the oxide series. Therefore, this work reveals a general relationship between water adsorption energy Eads and EDLs, which is relevant to both electrochemical reactivity and the electrowetting of aqueous interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have now developed a bioinspired double-stranded yarn to harvest water from atmospheric fog efficiently. The global water crisis is becoming more severe, particularly in arid regions with limited traditional [...]

The productivity of olive in the northwestern coastal zone of Egypt is significantly constrained by drought and low organic matter in the soil. This study addresses these challenges by exploring the synergistic effects of olive mill wastes (OMW) application and micro-catchment water harvesting techniques on soil properties, runoff, moisture storage, and rainwater harvesting efficiency. Field experiments were conducted over two winter seasons, employing different micro-catchment structures (semi-circular and triangular bunds) and OMW applications. The results revealed that the integration of semi-circular bunds with OMW application (T4) substantially increased rainwater harvesting efficiency by 67.7% and 46.4% in the first and second seasons, respectively. Additionally, T4 and T5 exhibited reduced runoff by 47.8% and 41.3% in the first season and 49.4% and 38.9% in the second season, respectively. T4 significantly enhanced soil organic matter, soil macronutrients (N, P, and K), and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) compared to the control (T1). The study highlights the effectiveness of T4 in improving soil moisture, reducing soil erosion, and enhancing soil fertility. This integrated approach involving OMW application within a semi-circular bund as a water harvesting system proves to be a promising strategy for sustainable olive cultivation in arid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary diversity has been widely used as a proxy indicator for micronutrient adequacy. In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), including Rwanda, women are at high risk of inadequate micronutrient intake resulting from poorly diversified diets. This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with women's dietary diversity, with emphasis on homestead production diversity and market access in the Northern Province of Rwanda. A cross‐sectional design was used, involving 606 women aged 18–49 years. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between various factors and women's dietary diversity. Results show that 84% of the sample households raised at least one livestock species. Seventy‐one percent of the households had no agricultural land. Eighty percent of those without land had a homestead garden on which they grew food crops, mainly vegetables and fruit trees. The average crop species was 2.3. On average, women consumed 3 out of 9 food groups. The homestead production diversity score was positively associated with women's dietary diversity score (β = 0.16, p < 0.001). Women's dietary diversity score was negatively associated with distance from the household to the nearest market (β = −0.08, p = 0.027) and household food insecurity (β = −0.06, p < 0.001). Maternal education (p < 0.001), household wealth index (p < 0.05), and ownership of more than 2.5 acres compared to being without land (p < 0.05) were associated with women's dietary diversity score. The dietary diversity of women could be enhanced through interventions that promote the diversity of livestock and crop species produced through homestead production. Potential interventions to explore may include integrated farming systems that combine small livestock and crop production utilising improved livestock breeds and high‐quality seeds and planting materials of high‐yielding varieties of fruits and vegetables, along with rainwater harvesting to facilitate small‐scale irrigation. The impact of such interventions on women's dietary diversity can be further reinforced by parallel programmes aimed at improving women's education and the socioeconomic status of households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of non-renewable carbon-base fuel energy have created multiple issues such as global warming, environmental degradations etc. Replacing these non-renewable sources of energy with renewable energy (photocatalytic H 2 production) is a hot topic for researchers due to its sustainability and eco-friendliness. In this work MnO 2 , SnO 2 and their nanocomposites have been synthesized through simple hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods. The purpose of such nanocomposite fabrication is to synthesize a suitable heterostructure for maximum solar energy harvesting in water splitting. All the prepared samples of pure MnO 2 , SnO 2, and nanocomposites have been characterized through various techniques, which confirm the structure, functional groups, absorbance, morphology, elemental compositions, chemical compositions, and increase in photo-induced current as well as the photostability of such nanocomposites. The highest apparent quantum yield of the optimized MnO 2 @SnO 2 (first time reported as photocatalyst for H 2 production) were 21.7% at wavelength 420 nm, which is the highest ever reported for such (MnO 2 @SnO 2) nanocomposite. The enhanced photocatalytic behavior for H 2 production has been observed which is 3.67 times greater than pristine MnO 2. Such an enhancement is due to the synergistic effect of SnO 2 NPs decorated on the NTs of MnO 2. The present work provides a novel approach to produce hydrogen with high performance as efficient solar harvesting. • High-quality crystalline nanocomposites of MnO 2 @SnO 2 have been synthesized. • Various characterizations have been performed like XRD, FTIR, EDX, SEM, XPS, TEM, HR-TEM, EIS and GCG spectroscopies. • The suitable bandgap (MS-30) sample shows visible light absorption. • MS-30 nanocomposite shows an enhanced photocatalytic H 2 production performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Atmospheric water harvesting through reticular materials is an innovation that has the potential to change the world. Here, this study offers a technique for creating a solar-powered hygroscopic polymer material for atmospheric water harvesting with the reticular materials. The results show that the porous hygroscopic polymer materials can achieve high performance with high vapor capture (up to ac. 28.8–49.7 mg/g at 28–38 %RH and 25 ℃), rapid photothermal conversion efficiency (up to 32.2 ℃ within 15 min under 1000 W/m−2 light at 25 ℃), a low desorption temperature (lower than 40 ℃), and an effective water release rate. Besides, the material also has excellent water-retention properties, which can effectively store desorbed liquid water in polymer networks for use by vegetation during water demand periods. The strategy opens new avenues for atmospheric water-harvesting materials, which will hopefully solve the global crisis of freshwater shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In the event of a natural disaster, water is often unavailable. Natural disasters often prevent the existing water infrastructure from functioning to supply water to citizens. Existing water systems are also vulnerable to poisoning such as terrorism and can be destroyed in war because they are centralized infrastructure systems. In the U.S.A, a huge investment of $50 billion is required just to improve infrastructure for drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater. Scope and Approach This paper introduces state-of-the-art technologies for sustainable water harvesting to prepare for natural or human-induced disasters to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A literature review was conducted on drinking water technology. Key findings The latest water-harvesting technology uses Metal–Organic Framework materials. The properties of MOFs allow us to survive and efficiently harvest water from air. We can create a sustainable society with MOF materials where the society will become resilient to natural and human-induced disasters for fulfilling the SDGs. Conclusions This paper will show that MOFs play an important role in enhancing urban water sustainability and resilience with the most economical and ecological engineering technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting water from air offers a promising route to address the global challenge of water scarcity. However, bionic engineering surfaces for water harvesting often struggle with efficiently coordinating droplet nucleation and desorption. The recently emerging triboelectric effect at the liquid–solid interface offers a novel approach for developing bionic fog harvesting surfaces. In this study, inspired by Namib Desert beetles and lotus leaves, a biomimetic superhydrophobic surface with nanoscale hydrophilic domains is prepared via interfacial self‐assembly, exhibiting heterogeneous wettability for effective water harvesting. The essence of interfacial self‐assembly lies in the synergy of non‐covalent interaction forces, driving the self‐assembly of nanoparticles into surface micro‐nano hierarchical structures, thereby regulating wettability and increasing potential nucleation sites. Additionally, the triboelectric effect can directly utilize the triboelectric charges to facilitate droplet migration. The triboelectric effect can be generated by flexible mechanical input induced by walking, which enhances interfacial mass transfer, thereby rapidly improving droplet removal and achieving a 39.02% increase in water harvesting efficiency. This study has opened up a new breakthrough for the design of portable and efficient water harvesting systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising platforms for membrane separations, while remaining challenging for separating ions in a fast and selective way. Here, we propose a concept of COF membranes with vertically aligned nanorods for efficient separation of rare metal ions. A quaternary ammonium-functionalized monomer is rationally designed to synthesize COF layers on porous substrates via interfacial synthesis. The COF layers possess an asymmetric structure, in which the upper part displays vertically aligned nanorods, while the lower part exhibits an ultrathin dense layer. The vertically aligned nanorods enlarge contact areas to harvest water and monovalent ions, and the ultrathin dense layer enables both high permeability and selectivity. The resulting membranes exhibit exceptional separation performances, for instance, a Cs+ permeation rate of 0.33 mol m−2 h−1, close to the value in porous substrates, and selectivities with Cs+/La3+ up to 75.9 and 69.8 in single and binary systems, highlighting the great potentials in the separation of rare metal ions. Covalent organic frameworks (COF) membranes designed for the separation of ions in a fast and selective way are desirable. Here, the authors report COF membranes with vertically aligned nanorods to enlarge contact areas and harvest water and monovalent ions with high permeability and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multivariate metal–organic frameworks (MTV‐MOFs) provide a handle over programming MOF's physicochemical properties for use in functional applications. In this review, the state‐of‐art design features of MTV‐MOFs are summarized, including multivariate functionalities, mixed metals, and post‐synthetic modification, and highlight their resulting fine‐tuned performance in practical applications, such as gas storage, gas separation, water harvesting, luminescence sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, and drug delivery. Furthermore, a vision is provided for future research avenues, in which MTV‐MOFs enable the incorporation of a variety of functionalities, metals, linkers, secondary building units (SBUs), and pore metrics along a specific crystallographic direction with respect to the ordered backbone. Future directions focus on mechanistic and kinetics investigations into the formation of MTV‐MOFs in addition to high‐throughput screening with the aim of automation and artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary global crises concerning clean energy, carbon emission, and water shortage necessitate the creation of innovative materials that can tackle these pressing issues. Addressing these urgent concerns requires a deeper understanding of advanced materials and their versatile chemistry. Despite this, the advancement of material platforms to address these challenges remains formidable. In this respect, reticular chemistry offers an approach to systematically assemble molecular building blocks into crystalline frameworks, enabling precise control over their chemical composition, structure, porosity, and functionality, ultimately leading to the desired properties. Herein, the usage of metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks are examined in terms of gaseous fuel storage, carbon capture, and water harvesting, highlighting their potential for addressing critical global challenges. Representative examples are evaluated through the lens of reticular chemistry, with an emphasis on exploring the relationship between their structures and properties. Finally, an extensive overview of the rapidly expanding field is provided, along with a summary and forecast of the current challenges and prospective research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are superior sorbents for water adsorption‐based applications. The unique step‐like water isotherm at a MOF‐specific relative pressure allows easy loading and regeneration over a small range of temperature and pressure conditions. With good hydrothermal stability and cyclic durability, it stands out over classical sorbents used in applications for humidity control, water harvesting, and adsorption‐based heating and cooling. These are easily regenerated at moderate temperatures using "waste" heat or solar heating. The isotherm thermodynamics and adsorption mechanisms are described, and the presence of MOFs in the water–air system is explained. Based on six selection criteria ≈40 reported MOFs and one COF are identified for potential application. Trends and approaches in further synthesis optimization and production scale‐up are highlighted. No‐MOF‐fits‐all, each MOF has its own specific step location matching only with a certain application type. Most applications are technically feasible and demonstrated on the bench‐scale or small pilot. Their maturity is benchmarked by their technology readiness level. Retrofitting existing applications with MOFs replacing classical desiccants may lead to rapid demonstration. Studies on techno‐economic analysis and life cycle analysis are required for a rational evaluation of the feasibility of promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Defluoridation Technology Project was called upon to survey existing water resources by three different institutions lying in fluorotic Tanzania: 1) The Ngongongare Secondary School. 2) The St Constantine International School and 3) The Minjingu Church Project. In case 1), due to low affordability, an open dug well was proposed. In case 2) a defluoridation system was installed and could be used to estimate essential design parameters, as Operation Period (1 Year), Removal Efficiency (93 %) and Removal Capacity (3-4 mg/g of Bone Char). In case 3) the water was deadly toxic because of high fluoride concentrations, but, fortunately, unpalatable due to high contents of Alkalinity/Salinity. The salinity renders the defluoridation process useless. A system of combined rain water harvesting and defluoridation of brought water sources was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a sulfonated covalent organic framework (COF) capable of atmospheric water harvesting in arid conditions. The isothermal water uptake profile of the framework was studied, and the network displayed steep water sorption at low relative humidity (RH) in temperatures of up to 45 °C, reaching a water uptake of 0.12 g g−1 at 10 % RH and even 0.08 g g−1 at just 5 % RH, representing some of the most extreme conditions on the planet. We found that the inclusion of sulfonate moieties shifted uptake in the water isotherm profiles to lower RH compared to non‐sulfonated equivalents, demonstrating well the benefits of including these hydrophilic sites for water uptake in hot, arid locations. Repeated uptake and desorption cycles were performed on the material without significant detriment to its adsorption performance, demonstrating the potential of the sulfonated COF for real‐world implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stock watering place (SWP) is a type of travelling stock reserve, and Western Local Land Services (WLLS) is the controlling authority of SWPs in the semi-arid Western region of New South Wales, Australia. Over half SWPs have ground tanks that were installed in the 1800s to provide water for travelling stock. The location of many SWP ground tanks is thought to have been influenced by traditional Aboriginal knowledge, however, their position for capturing contemporary surface flows has not previously been assessed. This study aims to use multicriteria analysis within a Geographic Information System (GIS) to investigate whether SWP ground tanks are at the most suitable rainwater harvesting (RWH) location. ArcGIS was used to analyse data to identify RWH suitability based on slope, soil group, and drainage density. These layers were then weighted and combined to produce a final RWH suitability map. Results show that most (50.7%) ground tanks are in high RWH suitability locations, 47.9% are in medium RWH suitability, 1.4% are in low suitability, and none are in unsuitable locations. These results indicate that 1800s RWH suitability selection methods were highly effective. The findings of this study will contribute to the WLLS SWP knowledge base and will assist in prioritising SWPs for works to improve RWH efficiency, thereby ensuring reliable stock water on SWPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in wireless communication have underscored the importance of enhancing network capacity and coverage while minimizing energy consumption. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology that can significantly improve the data rates of wireless systems by dynamically controlling the propagation of signals. This paper explores the integration of RIS with energy harvesting techniques, specifically focusing on harnessing energy from water flow. By leveraging the potential of water flow energy generation, we propose a novel framework where RIS not only serves to enhance wireless communication but also becomes energy-autonomous. Our study highlights the principles of energy harvesting from water flow, the operational mechanics of RIS, and the synergistic benefits of this integration. Through simulations, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, showing improvements in energy efficiency and system performance. This work aims to pave the way for sustainable wireless communication systems that are self-sufficient and resilient, contributing to the broader goal of green technology in telecommunications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycyrrhiza uralensis is an important plant in desert ecology, where low rainfall and water scarcity limit its growth. In order to explore harvested rainwater and use for Glycyrrhiza uralensis growth and to reduce water scarcity in Northwest China's arid area, this study was conducted in April and July of 2023. Five types of slope micro rainwater collection measures, including horizontal terraces, square ridges, and contour ridges, were utilized to monitor rainfall and runoff. Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings were utilized as test subjects for supplementary irrigation in pots utilizing the natural drought method. The results show that supplemental irrigation boosts Glycyrrhiza uralensis root growth and water uptake capacity in short-term drought conditions. Irrigation with 42.97 mm enhanced Glycyrrhiza uralensis root length, belowground dry weight, and water use efficiency by 104.5%, 39.54%, and 4.18%. Supplemental irrigation under prolonged drought stress shifted Glycyrrhiza uralensis development from below- to aboveground, resulting in decreased activity of osmotic adjustment material activity in leaves. After 31 days of continuous drought following supplemental irrigation, plant height and aboveground fresh weight increased by 58.16% and 20.03%, respectively, whereas the superoxide dismutase activity was reduced by 63.16% in the 42.97 mm irrigated treatment. Furthermore, under short-term drought stress following supplemental irrigation, leaf water use efficiency was primarily influenced by osmoregulatory substances and plant growth characteristics. Under long-term drought stress, it was influenced by osmoregulatory substances and photosynthetic properties. This research is critical for preventing soil erosion and restoring grassland ecological health in the Ili River Valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its unique climate and geography, Taiwan experiences abundant rainfall but still faces significant water scarcity. As a result, rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) have been recognized as potential water resources within both water legal and green building policies. However, the effects of climate change—manifested in more frequent extreme rainfall events and uneven rainfall distribution—have heightened the risks of both droughts and floods. This underscores the need to retrofit existing RWHSs to function as stormwater management tools and water supply sources. In Taiwan, the use of simple and cost-effective passive release systems is particularly suitable for such retrofits. Four key considerations are central to designing passive release RWHSs: the type of discharge outlet, the size of the outlet, the location of the outlet, and the system's operational strategy. This study analyzes three commonly used outlet types—namely, the orifice, short stub fitting, and drainage pipe. Their respective discharge flow formulas and design charts have been developed and compared. To determine the appropriate outlet size, design storms with 2-, 5-, and 10-year return periods in the Taipei area were utilized to examine three different representative buildings. Selected combinations of outlet diameters and five different outlet locations were assessed. Additionally, probably hazardous rainfall events between 2014 and 2023 were used to verify the results obtained from the design storm analysis. Based on these analyses, the short stub fitting outlet type with a 15 mm outlet diameter was selected and verified. For determining the suitable discharge outlet location, a three-step process is recommended. First, the average annual water supply reliability for different scenarios and outlet locations in each representative building is calculated. Using this information, the maximum allowable decline in water supply reliability and the corresponding outlet location can be identified for each scenario. Second, break-even points between average annual water supply and regulated stormwater release curves, as well as the corresponding outlet locations, are identified. Finally, incremental analyses of average annual water supply and regulated stormwater release curves are conducted to determine the suitable outlet location for each scenario and representative building. For the representative detached house (DH), scenario 2, which designates 50% of the tank's volume as detention space (i.e., the discharge outlet located halfway up the tank), and scenario 3, which designates 75% (i.e., the discharge outlet at one-quarter of the tank height), are the most suitable options. For the four-story building (FSB), the outlet located at one-quarter of the tank's height is suitable for both scenarios 2 and 3. For the eight-story building (ESB), scenario 2, with the outlet at one-quarter of the tank's height, and scenario 3, with the outlet at the lowest point on the tank's side, are preferred. The framework developed in this study provides drainage designers with a systematic method for determining the key parameters in passive-release RWHS design at the household scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative water sources are necessary in developing nations because surface water is not always accessible, and groundwater is depleted. In such situations, rainwater harvesting is considered a promising sustainable water resource management solution. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine suitable locations for rainwater harvesting (RWH) using bottom-up approaches applied to large watersheds. The bottom-up methods begin with various geographic criteria and end with regions suitable for RWH intervention, even considering the distance from settlements to be one of the criteria, excluding urban areas from RWH site identification. This study developed a top-down methodology that began with the distributed pinpoint locations of potential RWH sites, as determined by distributed flow accumulation values produced from a digital elevation model (DEM), and then filtered out the sites based on various criteria in the context of urban areas. The flow accumulation values were apportioned according to the flow-contributing area of each RWH site. Five flow-contributing areal scenarios corresponding to 1 km2, 2.5 km2, 5 km2, 7.5 km2, and 10 km2 were considered in this study, as it is challenging to choose a suitable location for RWH sites in urban zones for efficient water storage owing to a variety of land uses. Based on this technique, a case study was conducted in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, where it was found that the volumetric potential of rainwater storage is maximum (403,679,424.9 cu. m) for 1 km2 and minimum (169,951,322 cu. m) for 10 km2 flow contributing areal distribution per RWH site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the critical issue of water scarcity and its impact on public health in Nongpok Sekmai and surrounding villages in India. Despite government initiatives to provide universal tap water access by 2024, these villages lack safe drinking water. Traditional sources like open wells are contaminated, and the primary river is drying up due to illegal sand mining and gravel extraction activities upstream. This situation results in a significant public health burden, with villagers facing financial strain due to waterborne diseases and the need to purchase water for basic needs. The study also examines the negative link between on-premise access to safe water and mothers' time spent on water collection. The study highlights the need for a multi-pronged approach. Renewed government efforts to implement the tap water initiative or provide alternative clean water sources like filtration plants or community wells are crucial. Additionally, stricter enforcement is needed to curb illegal mining activities and ensure river sustainability. Furthermore, exploring community-based solutions like rainwater harvesting and raising awareness about waterborne diseases and sanitation practices can empower the population. Addressing this water crisis demands a collaborative effort from the government, local communities, and environmental agencies. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing visual photographic analysis and community engagement to investigate water contamination in Nongpok Sekmai river, Manipur. The findings highlight key contamination indicators such as turbidity, algae blooms, and floating debris, while also addressing the health and social impacts perceived by the local population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influx of refugees, population growth and current agricultural practices have led to an increase in water demand in Jordan, placing pressure on existing water provision. Climate change further exacerbates declining water availability. Against this backdrop, the techno-economic feasibility of four water supply and sanitation alternatives for small and medium scale cities in Jordan were explored, using local unit costs and Al-Mafraq as a case study. City level piped network combined with household rooftop rainwater harvesting and surface runoff collection into local ponds and piped networks with treatment using the nature-based solution of root-zone for sanitation were demonstrated to provide the highest benefits in terms of cost, convenience and water conservation. Our work highlights the need to invest in long-term urban infrastructure networks to promote sustainable future growth of cities. This is vital to address severe water scarcity challenges that ultimately impact those at the urban fringes most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hygroscopic salt hydrogel photothermal composites and related technology are a promising pathway for water harvesting. However, due to the overly cumbersome preparation process, the distribution of the surface photothermal layer is difficult to control and the photothermal efficiency is low. In this paper, a method is proposed to greatly simplify the preparation process of photothermal layer hydrogels and improve their atmospheric water harvesting performance by constructing temperature‐sensitive interpenetrating networks. Due to the decomposition of some reversible hydrated structures in the network during heating and warming, carbon nanotubes move autonomously to form a layered structure with a photothermal effect on the upper surface, which can return to its original state after cooling and remain stable at room temperature or under solar illumination. Compared with hydrogels with general layered structure or overall distribution of photothermal materials, agar/GG/PAM/CNT hydrogel has faster moisture adsorption efficiency and higher desorption efficiency, and during the 24 h continuous sorption–desorption cycle is capable of achieving high water yield of 2.57 Lwater kgsorbents−1 day−1, superior to most recent hydrogel adsorbents. Simplifying the preparation process while maintaining high efficiency, while greatly improving photothermal performance, paves the way for cost‐effective mass production applications for a wide range of hygroscopic salt‐hydrogel photothermal composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mechanism based on multiple hydrogen bonds was proposed to describe the great water stability of some hydrated Cu paddle-wheel-based MOFs, which was demonstrated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) of water-loaded MOFs. This mechanism endowed Cu-TDPAT with exceptional water stability and outstanding atmospheric water harvesting capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capillary rise, where liquid climbs narrow spaces against gravity, plays an important role in both natural and technological processes. This study investigates capillary wetting in rounded polygon corners, a less-studied area in microfluid mechanics with significant implications for industries such as nanotextured surface cleaning, micro-soldering, food technology, and water harvesting. Through experimental analysis, we examine the relationship between capillary rise height and the geometric parameters of curvature radius and angle in rounded polygonal pillar and array structures. Our findings reveal a direct correlation where the capillary rise height increases as the radius of the corner increases, emphasizing the critical role of corner geometry in enhancing capillary action. This research not only deepens understanding of capillary behavior in complex geometries but also provides valuable insights for optimizing capillary-based applications across. By considering the influence of geometric complexity on capillarity, our study paves the way for innovative approaches in the design and development of efficient systems for fluid manipulation and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The ridge‐furrow rainwater harvesting system (RFRH) is an advanced farmland management technology that plays a vital role in making full use of rainwater resources. However, it is not clear that RFRH affects crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by regulating soil water storage (SWS). Therefore, the present study conducted a meta‐analysis to make a large compilation of previous studies and indirectly quantify the impact of RFRH on crop yield and WUE by analysing the effect of RFRH on SWS. RESULTS: The results showed that RFRH improved crop yield and WUE by 26.71% and 25.86%, respectively, by increasing SWS by 3.93% compared to the traditional flat cultivation. RFRH had a significant effect on increasing crop yield and WUE and improving SWS. A low ridge‐furrow ratio and ridge‐furrow mulching were recommended to obtain positive effects on crop yield and WUE when potatoes are grown in areas with high precipitation (600–800 mm). Furthermore, when nitrogen fertilization is applied during the crop growth period, we also found that a medium nitrogen fertilizer rate is recommended to achieve a significant positive effect on crop yield and WUE. Importantly, a win‐win analysis showed the proportions of various groups in the target zone (zone I) to determine the appropriate strategy for RFRH of crops. CONCLUSION: The present study provides a scientific reference for the future application of the RFRH. The study provides scientific recommendations on crop types, ridge‐furrow configurations, plastic mulching patterns and nitrogen fertilizer rate for future RFRH applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "One Village One Dam (1V1D)" is a rainwater harvesting technology initiated by the Government of Ghana in 2017 to make water available all year round for animal watering, irrigation and domestic use in dryland areas in northern Ghana. However, scepticism about the potential of the 1V1D to stave off water stress and its associated impact on local livelihood activities is still prevalent in the country. This case study of Savelugu Municipality investigated the impact of the 1V1D on local livelihood activities and the work-life balance of women. Using qualitative data collection methods, 12 focus group discussions and seven key informant interviews were conducted in six communities in the municipality. The results showed that after >5 years of implementation, not much has been achieved for the intended purposes of the project, namely water for animal watering, irrigation and household consumption. Non-performance of the dams was attributed to engineering flaws like poor design and small size which often resulted in early dry out of the dams in the dry season. However, emerging activities like water commercialisation have provided a source of sustenance to water vendors. The services of the vendors save women time to fulfil the demands of work, family and personal life. Overall, the persistence of water stress in the study communities and activities of Fulani herdsmen, who allowed their cattle to pollute the dams' water, necessitates the government to address the design flaws through retrofitting the existing dams and mainstreaming future 1V1D projects to effectively tackle water stress in Ghana's dryland areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to investigate the historical and future trends of drought, precipitation, and the water requirement of major crops, to gain insights into the evolving characteristics of meteorological drought and the water balance for key crops in the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi, and to provide the reference for implementing effective irrigation practices and optimizing crop cultivation in this region. [Method] The daily-scale basic meteorological data from the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi for the period 1980 to 2017 were utilized. The Mann-Kendall method with pre-whitening and the R/S method were employed to analyze the trend changes in drought, precipitation and crop water requirement during the crop growing season (April to October) in past and future. [Results (1) Drought showed a decreasing trend from April to June and an increasing trend from July to October. The variation in effective precipitation exhibited different patterns across the months and regions, Crop water requirement showed an increasing trend from April to August. (2) In the future, the effective precipitation in May, July, and October is projected to decrease, while the effective precipitation in August and September will experience an increasing trend. Drought and crop water requirement in Yan' an will exhibit opposite trends from April to June compared to that in Yulin. [Conclusion] The frequent droughts occur, and the available precipitation is insufficient to meet crop water requirements in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. The measures to control the cultivation area of jujube and apples, to increase investment in millet cultivation, and to implement a combination of rainwater harvesting and mulching are suggested in order to meet crop water requirements, achieve higher yields and increase income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Energy consumption from air cooling systems in summer, water scarcity in hot regions, and the functional reusability of waste paper are emerging environmental problems. Finding solutions to these problems simultaneously remains a significant challenge. Herein, a superhydrophobic passive cooling Cellulose-CaCO 3 film with hierarchical nano-sheets was fabricated to realize daytime radiative cooling with a temperature drop of 15–20 °C in summer and water harvesting with harvesting efficiency of 387 mg cm−2h−1 bd utilization of recycled waste paper. The superhydrophobic Cellulose-CaCO 3 film demonstrates its self-cleaning properties against inorganic and organic pollutants. Furthermore, the superhydrophobicity of the film was maintained after base/acid corrosions, dynamic water flushing, and thermal treatment at 100 °C for 7 h, exhibiting good durability of the superhydrophobicity. Moreover, the superhydrophobic Cellulose-CaCO 3 film is nonflammable after exposure to fire combustion for 1 min. In addition to waste paper, waste maize straws, and pasteboards were also collected to produce superhydrophobic passive cooling films. Results indicate that the above three cellulose-based raw materials can be well used to prepare durable superhydrophobic passive cooling materials. Environmental toxicology assessments confirm the safety of the material. This study not only provides a protocol for preparing superhydrophobic materials; but also demonstrates their potential for passive cooling and water harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As eco-friendly complexes develop, interest in eco-friendly facilities is also growing. Particularly, rainwater harvesting facilities have demonstrated positive effects by reducing runoff to mitigate urban flooding and recycling water for landscaping and cleaning purposes. In this study, we analyzed the quality of stored rainwater, which has improved by excluding initial runoff, and examined the temperature reduction effects of road sprinkling and mist spraying. Road sprinkling decreased the temperature of asphalt and permeable pavements by approximately 15 °C, with permeable pavements maintaining the reduced temperature for a longer time. The indoor experiments with mist spraying showed a temperature reduction effect of 3.4 °C. The quality analysis of the rainwater harvesting facilities revealed that the water quality was suitable for irrigation and landscaping by excluding the initial runoff. This study confirms the effectiveness of rainwater utilization in mitigating urban heat islands and improving water circulation within cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study depicts potential climate change impacts on annual rainwater savings from household rainwater harvesting using two different climate projection models; ACCESS 1.0 and CSIRO-Mk3.6. This paper also investigates potential changes in the relationships of 'water saving efficiency' and reliability with rainfall 'seasonality index' under the mentioned climate change scenarios. The annual water savings were calculated for three weather conditions: dry, average, and wet. Historical daily rainfall amounts provided by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology were used for three locations within the city of Brisbane (Australia). For the same locations, projected future daily rainfall amounts were collected from an online data portal facilitated by the Australian government. Potential annual water savings, water saving efficiency, and reliability values for the selected locations were calculated through a widely used tool, eTank, developed on water balance methodology at a daily scale. It was found that for the coastal location, Manly, the future water savings are not likely to change significantly. However, for the inland location, Sunnybank, the future water savings are expected to decrease under all the weather conditions through both the considered climate projections. For the far inner location, Oxley, the water savings are likely to decrease in the dry year, whereas in wet year, they are likely to increase. Also, it was found that the overall average relationship of SI–water saving efficiency is steeper for ACCESS 1.0 projected data compared to that produced through CSIRO-Mk3.6 data, and that significant differences exist among individual relationships for each location. The overall reliabilities calculated through the model projected data show lower values compared to the reliabilities calculated using historical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water conservation in arid and semi-arid regions faces significant challenges due to low and irregular rainfall, worsened by climate change, which negatively affects rain-fed crop productivity. Various techniques, including supplemental irrigation using runoff harvesting ponds, aim to address these issues but often suffer from water loss due to infiltration, influenced by the pond liner type. This study uses a factorial analysis to assess the farmers' perceptions of four pond sealing techniques. Using the Waso-2 method, a survey conducted in 2022 among 41 rainwater harvesting pond owners across three regions of Burkina Faso revealed that farmers prioritized impermeability and ease of maintenance over cost and availability. Concrete, scoring 16/20, was the most preferred, chosen by over 75% of farmers for its durability and resistance to weathering, despite its high cost. Geomembrane, with a score of 12/20, was valued for its waterproofing properties but had durability concerns. Clay, although cheap and available, scored 8/20 due to poor waterproofing on unstable ground. Bitumen, the least favored with a score of 6/20, was hindered by scarcity and lack of familiarity. To enhance supplemental irrigation in Burkina Faso and similar regions, waterproof concrete or durable geomembrane liners are recommended. Further research into improving bitumen and clay liners is also suggested. These findings provide key insights into farmers' preferences, offering guidance for developing effective water conservation strategies to boost agricultural productivity and address food security challenges in the context of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately two billion people worldwide lack access to clean drinking water, negatively impacting national security, hygiene, and agriculture. Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is the conversion of ambient humidity into clean water; however, conventional dehumidification is energy-intensive. Improvement in AWH may be achieved with elastocaloric cooling, using temperature-sensitive materials in active thermoregulation. Potential benefits, compared to conventional desiccant wheel designs, include substantial reductions in energy use, size, and complexity. A nickel–titanium (NiTi) elastocaloric water harvester was designed and compared with a desiccant wheel design under controlled conditions of relative humidity, air volume, and power. In a 30 min interval, the NiTi device harvested more water on average at 0.18 ± 0.027 mL/WH, compared to the 0.1567 ± 0.023 mL/WH of the desiccant wheel harvester. Moreover, the NiTi harvester required half the power input and was thermoregulated more efficiently. Future work will focus on mechanical design parameter optimization. Elastocaloric cooling is a promising advancement in dehumidification, making AWH more economical and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the effectiveness of stone bunds in enhancing soil moisture, vegetation health, and crop yields in Ghana's semi-arid Upper East Region, an important area for agricultural productivity in West Africa. In this region, agricultural practices are heavily impacted by erratic rainfall and poor soil moisture retention, threatening food security. Despite the known benefits of traditional soil conservation practices like stone bunds, their effectiveness in this context has not been fully quantified. Field and remote sensing data were used to evaluate the influence of stone bunds on soil moisture dynamics, vegetation growth, and crop yield. Experimental plots with and without stone bunds were monitored for climate, soil water infiltration, and soil moisture and analyzed using the NDVI from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery over two growing seasons under sorghum production (2022–2023). The results indicated that stone bunds enhanced soil moisture retention and increased infiltration rates. The NDVI analysis consistently revealed higher vegetation health and growth in the plots with stone bunds, particularly during critical growth periods. The intermediate results of the conducted experiment indicated that stone bunds increased sorghum yields by over 35% compared to the control plots. The substantial agronomic benefits of stone bunds as a soil and water conservation strategy were evident, improving soil water infiltration, water retention, vegetation health, and crop yields. The findings support the broader adoption of stone bunds in semi-arid regions to enhance agricultural productivity and resilience against climate variability. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impacts and the integration of stone bunds with other sustainable farming practices to optimize rainfed agricultural outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture plays a significant role in global water consumption, accounting for approximately 70% of the world's freshwater usage. This makes this sector a critical factor in the depletion of water resources. Accordingly, this paper explores potential mitigatory impacts of climate-smart water management (CSWM) technologies in sub-Saharan Africa. About 70% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa is dependent on agriculture for sustaining their livelihoods. This is despite the low agricultural output in smallholder farming systems (SFS) due to water scarcity. This has spurred several attempts to promote the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to raise agricultural outputs and improve smallholder farmers' livelihoods. However, there has not been a comprehensive analysis of data categorised by various aspects of climate-smart water management technologies. In this systematic literature review, climate-smart water management technologies in sub-Saharan Africa's agricultural sector were identified and analysed to determine strategies that could enhance their adoption and impact. To this end, academic articles reporting on the adoption of climate-smart water management technologies in databases were reviewed. Four significant literature databases were used. These were limited to Springer Link, ScienceDirect, MDPI, Wiley Online, and Google Scholar. The findings demonstrate that rainwater harvesting and micro-irrigation are the primary climate-smart water management technologies used by smallholder farmers. The literature review shows that adoption of CSWM practices is constrained by inadequate technological infrastructure, financial implications, unsuitable policies, and low user skills, particularly. It is therefore recommended that government agricultural departments and relevant advocates of CSA should incentivise and subsidise smallholder farmers to encourage CSWM technology adoption. This can be achieved through the implementation of suitable policies directed at technological infrastructure development, financial support for adoption, and technical skills training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As industrial and economic growth intensifies, greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, leading to a shift in global warming and climate change patterns. The Mille watershed faces significant challenges such as flooding, drought, irrigation, and water supply scarcity, as well as health issues stemming from climate change within the community. Thus, this study aims to assess the impact of climate change on hydrology in the Mille River, Awash River Basin, Ethiopia, utilizing multiple hydrological and climate models. The study examines three global circulation models (MIROC‐6, CMCC, and MRI) operating under two shared socioeconomic pathways emission scenarios (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5) for both mid‐term (near future) (2041–2070) and long‐term (far future) (2071–2100) periods. Precipitation and temperature scenarios data were obtained using the CMhyd Tool and then bias‐corrected using various methods based on the base time period (1985–2014). The projected annual rainfall is expected to increase by 8.91‐18.68% and 8.09‐18.65%, while the average temperature is projected to increase by 1.08–3.04°C and 1.59–4.05°C in the 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100), respectively. The SWAT model shows daily responses with NSE (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency) values of 0.77 for calibration and 0.79 for validation, R2 (coefficient of determination) values of 0.80 for calibration and 0.81 for validation, and PBIAS (percent bias) values of −10.6 for calibration and −8.6 for validation. Similarly, the HBV model shows NSE values of 0.683 for calibration and 0.706 for validation, R2 values of 0.705 for calibration and 0.71 for validation, and PBIAS values of −4.25 for calibration and −6.669 for validation. The results indicate a decrease in average annual streamflow ranging from −5.95% to −39.29% for SWAT and from −12.28% to −35.04% for HBV in the near future (2050s) and Far future (2080s) compared to the base period (1985–2014). The significance of this study lies in its contribution to understanding climate‐hydrology interactions in a vulnerable region, providing actionable insights for adaptation planning, policy formulation, and sustainable resource management in the face of climate change. Extreme high and low changes in flow were used to quantify this impact. Therefore, based on the observed trends of decreased streamflow volume, recommendations for the study area include the development of water sources such as microdams, ponds, and water wells, implementation of water harvesting techniques, improvement of land use and land cover practices, proper utilization and management of available discharge, drought assessment, and environmental impact assessment. These measures are crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and ensuring the resilience of the region's water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of atmospheric water harvesting and rooftop agriculture presents a promising solution for decentralized water and food supply in urban areas. However, the degradation of adsorption material kinetics after scaling up, coupled with fluctuations in solar energy, results in reduced and unstable water production. Herein, a composite adsorbent composed of manganese (II)‐ethanolamine complexes incorporated into a hierarchical and interconnect polypyrrole‐doped matrix is developed. This structure significantly reduces vapor diffusion resistance—a crucial factor impeding rapid scale‐up kinetics, enabling water uptake of 2.54 g g−1 at 90% RH, with 62% of water released within 30 min, facilitating daily multiple capture‐release cycles. Incorporating a hybrid desorption mode that combines PV electrical and solar heating further achieves stable and high‐yield water production. Ultimately, through simulation and feasibility verification, the atmospheric water‐irrigated rooftop farm realizes water and food production yield of 879.9 gwater m−2sorbent day−1 and 1.28 kgfood m−2device within 14 days without human intervention and independent of external water inputs. These findings highlight the potential of integrating AWH technology with rooftop farming as a pathway to sustainable urban development through decentralized water and food co‐production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) based on hygroscopic salt on an inorganic or organic carrier has attracted great attention because of its significant potential applications in the environment. The major technical challenges for practical applications are how to prevent the leakage of hygroscopic salt while achieving a high capacity for sorption of atmospheric water and a high sorption rate. Additionally, techniques for converting sorbed water (in the form of a lithium chloride (LiCl) solution) into clean water need to be developed. Here, a novel method for continuous atmospheric water harvesting, leveraging LiCl@PHEA hydrogels is introduced. Synthesized via one‐step UV polymerization in saturated LiCl solutions, these hydrogels exhibit remarkable air distension ability (>60 times), achieving high water sorption efficiency (11.18 gg−1 at 90% relative humidity in 30 min) with over 90 wt.% salt content and no leakage. This water collection system integrates a porous evaporator and a 3D‐printed silica substrate, ensuring an extraordinarily high evaporation rate (>11 kgm−2 h−1 under sunlight) and efficient water transmission. A prototype based on this achieves a record‐breaking collection rate of over 5 kgm−2 h−1, enabling large‐scale efficient atmospheric water harvesting. Additionally, continuous hydrogen production through electrolysis using the collected water (< 5 ppm of salts) is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to be a reference article on designing and manufacturing different SAP materials for use in agriculture. The structure used for the content described reveals significant progress in the agricultural sector in recent years. SAP materials to enhance sandy soil compactness, topology, and mechanical properties (swelling, water harvesting, and nutrient release). SAPs in agriculture also promote a 60–80% swelling rate, slow release of nutrients for plants to last longer, and maximum water retention. This systematic review examined methods for designing, manufacturing, and processing SAPs for their properties and impact on agriculture in arid areas and plant growth. SAP materials are designed and manufactured in three morphologies. The first is the preparation of technical processes for manufacturing SAP (hydrogel) powder. Second, SAPs are prepared by mixing the monomer solution and crosslinking agent and converting the SAP solution into fibers using an electrospinning machine and wet spinning technique. Finally, the sheet was produced using a spun lace (hydroentangling) machine that converts SAP fibers into sheets. Similarly, the production processes used a spun-bond machine that converts SAP powder into sheets and a sheet modeling machine that converts SAP fibers into SAP sheets. Furthermore, many SAP materials used for agriculture in arid areas, functional monomers, initiators, and cross-liner agents can be manufactured as powders, fibers, and sheets and have high success rates. This is demonstrated by the excellent maximum absorbent capacity, and maximum water retention of the sheets, followed by those of the fibers and powders. This is supported by the quantitative standards for SAP morphology manufacturing process cost, water absorption, and water retention time. Highlights: Characteristics of SAPs for use in agriculture. Design and manufacture of SAPs suitable for agriculture. Evaluation of SAP performance for use in agriculture. The appropriate SAP morphology should be chosen to ensure the maximum planting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in Ekpoma, a town dependent on rainwater and river water from nearby areas because of a lack of groundwater sources, and the physicochemical and bacteriological (heterotrophic plate count [HPC], total coliform count [TCC], and fecal coliform count [FCC]) properties of 123 stored river water samples grouped into five collection districts (EK1 to EK5). The results were compared with regulatory standards and previous regional studies to identify water quality trends. While most physicochemical properties met drinking water standards, 74% of samples had pH values > 8.5. Twenty-seven samples were fit for drinking, with EK4 having the highest number of bacterio-logically unsuitable samples. Ten bacterial species were identified, with Gram-negative short-rod species such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium being predominant. HPC values varied from 367 × 10⁴ to 1320 × 10⁴ CFU/mL, with EK2 (2505 × 10⁴ CFU/mL) and EK5 (1320 × 10⁴ CFU/mL) showing particularly high counts. The TCC values ranged from 1049 × 10⁴ to 4400 × 10⁴ CFU/mL, and the FCC values from 130 × 10⁴ to 800 × 10⁴ CFU/mL, all exceeding WHO limits (1.0 × 102 CFU/mL). Historical data show no improvement in water quality, emphasizing the need for individuals to treat water properly before consumption. The findings provide baseline data for local water authorities and serve as a wake-up call for adequate water treatment, storage interventions, and community education on water security. Additionally, this study offers a practical process for improving the quality of water stored in similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as leading candidates for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH). Despite their high water uptake capacity, challenges persist in effective solar‐driven desorption for water collection. Addressing this, a photothermal bridge is introduced by in situ growth of Ni₃S₂ coating on a thermally conductive nickel mesh, enhancing heat transfer to the MOF and accelerating desorption kinetics. MIL‐101 (Cr) MOF in bulk form (BMOF) is bonded to the lightweight Ni─Ni3S2 mesh using adhesive, forming a dual‐layer Ni─Ni₃S₂ mesh/BMOF assembly. This hybrid retains a high water uptake of ≈0.63 g g⁻¹ at 60% relative humidity (RH) with superior sorption kinetics. Photothermally driven heat transfer from Ni─Ni₃S₂ to BMOF achieves complete water desorption within 40 min under 1 kW m−2. Compared to other configurations like foil, granules, and foam, the mesh‐based hybrid has the highest single‐cycle adsorption–desorption kinetic of 3.18 × 10⁻3 g g⁻¹ min⁻¹. Additionally, the hybrid demonstrates exceptional hydrothermal stability over 50 cycles and maintains morphological stability with airflow, ensuring consistent performance. Heat transfer simulations confirm the thermal distribution across the Ni─Ni₃S₂ mesh/BMOF, corroborating the rapid and uniform desorption. This approach paves the way for efficient AWH in high‐RH, water‐scarce regions by enhancing desorption kinetics through solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ancient water harvesting systems, such as those from the Indus Valley Civilization (~3500 BCE), have been vital for irrigation and climate resilience, especially in arid regions. One such prominent system in South Asia, called tank irrigation, initially thrived through community management but declined post-independence due to colonial policies and neglect in Sri Lanka and India. This study evaluates current policy frameworks and rehabilitation programs to enhance the resilience of these systems in India, develop strategies for their protection and adaptation to climate change, and integrate global lessons for sustainable development. Methods: A systematic meta-analysis of grey literature was conducted to aggregate data on policy constraints. Policy analysis involved detailed investigations of relevant documents, regulations, and comparative analyses of frameworks at regional and national levels. Pilot projects on tank rehabilitation were assessed through reported case studies and field surveys to gauge impact. Thematic analysis was used to explore the global potential of these systems in climate resilience and overall environmental sustainability. Results: The analysis showed that pilot projects for tank rehabilitation had limited success in achieving sustainability under current climate conditions. Tank irrigation systems are crucial for adapting to extreme weather, including floods, droughts, and heat waves, replenishing groundwater, reducing soil erosion, and ensuring reliable water supplies. Traditional water harvesting technologies support 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including clean water access, hunger reduction, gender equality, and climate action. Integrating AI and machine learning in water management benefits disaster response, while eco-tourism aids system maintenance and cultural awareness. Discussion: The study underscores the need for policy reforms to enhance tank rehabilitation and institutional arrangements. It calls for increased beneficiary participation and constitutional recognition of current practices. Strategic, national-scale assessments and resilience targets are recommended to improve the effectiveness of such water harvesting systems in mitigating natural hazards and enhancing environmental services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) has received unprecedented attention as a future water and energy platform. However, the water productivity of SAWH systems is still constrained by the slow sorption kinetics at material and component levels and inefficient condensation. Here, we report a facile method to prepare hygroscopic interconnected porous gel (HIPG) with fast sorption-desorption kinetics, high scalability and stability, and strong adhesion property for highly efficient SAWH. We further design a solar-wind coupling driven SAWH device with collaborative heat and mass enhancement achieving continuous water production. Concentrated sunlight contributes to enhancing the desorption and condensation synergistically, and natural wind is introduced to drive the device operation and improve the sorption kinetics. The device demonstrated record high working performance of 14.9 Lwater m−2 day−1 and thermal efficiency of 25.7% in indoor experiments and 3.5–8.9 Lwater m−2 day−1 in outdoor experiments by solar concentration without any other energy consumption. This work provides an up-and-coming pathway to realize highly efficient and sustainable clean water supply for off-grid and arid regions. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH), despite great promise, is constrained by slow sorption kinetics and inefficient condensation. Here the authors synthesize a hygroscopic interconnected porous gel with excellent sorption kinetics and high scalability and adopt solar concentration strategy for efficient continuous SAWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of spring water from the limestone layers near the surface is suitable for various domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses and typically requires minimal purification. The springs from the highland areas of Zawitah, Baidol, Belkev, Atrush, and Khans converge to form the Komel River, the largest tributary of the Al-Khazer River. The Komel River flows along the right side of Mount Bardrash. The rainfall and snow accumulation in the Komel River basin, particularly in the hilly areas, contribute to its spring water sources. The physical and chemical characteristics of the water were assessed using the water quality index (WQI), in accordance with the WHO standard values. Generally, the water is suitable for irrigation, as indicated by the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values, which suggest that the water is low in sodic content and classified as Class S1. Additionally, the sodium percentage (SSP) is less than 75%, the magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) is below 50%, and the residual sodium carbonate (RSBC) values are less than 1.25. These indicators reflect low calcium and magnesium bicarbonate sedimentation from irrigation water and minimal sodium concentration increases, reducing the risk of soil damage. The permeability index (PI) classifies the water as suitable for irrigation (Class II), and the Kelly's ratio (KR) values are below 1.0. The study concludes that the water quality of the Komel River is comparable to spring water, making it suitable for both domestic and agricultural use. This supports the establishment of water harvesting operations in the secondary valleys of the Komel River basin, particularly in the hilly regions. Additionally, irrigation projects can be developed in the downstream plain areas due to the favorable topographic slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an enormous amount of water vapor in ambient air that can be converted into liquid water by several methods. A method that is capable of producing a large amount of water is a vapor compression system. However, this method requires significant power input, which may cause the cost of producing water to be prohibitive. In this paper, it is proposed that a vapor compression refrigeration system that is used to cool air in a combined cycle power plant has the potential to be a viable method of atmospheric water generation. This system produces saturated air by mixing atmospheric air with water, and reduces air temperature and humidity using a mechanical chiller. The reduction in inlet air temperature enables the combined cycle power plant to generate more power output, which is used to operate the air cooling system. Therefore, the air cooling system can harvest atmospheric water without requiring external power input. This concept is proven by simulating system performance in various atmospheric air conditions using system models of mass and energy balances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a hybrid concept to propose an optimal textured surface morphology for enhancing water condensation. The natural phenomenon-inspired morphology, which combined different degrees of wettability presented on the surface, documented their advantage in water harvesting compared to untreated surfaces. These superiorities might be explained by the appropriate combination of nucleation and water-driven ability facilitated by the superhydrophobic surrounding area. The uniform condensed droplets are effectively agglomerated to achieve the critical size. The best combination was found on a superhydrophobic-hydrophilic hybrid sample that improved water collection efficiency by up to 50% compared to bare Al. Condensation performance also illustrated an interesting tendency that revealed the great contribution of wettability on hydrophilic dots and the water-driven ability of the high-hydrophobicity area. The results were supported by a theoretical model which predicts the critical volume of a single droplet before it has departed from the surface. The findings reveal a good level of agreement between theory and real-time measurement, demonstrating the potential of combinations of hybrid samples to induce water collection efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) that extact water from air is adorable technology which can release water stress in arid regions decentralized, however right now the high energy consumption hinders its development especially in low humidity condition. Improving humidity by adsorbing water through porous materials is an effective way to reduce AWH energy consumption. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a representative of new designable porous materials, is expected to solve the energy consumption problem in the practical application process of AWH. This review elucidates the energy-saving effects and design objectives of MOFs and COFs by analyzing the impact of adsorbents on energy consumption. Additionally, the manuscript delves into the principles of water adsorption in MOFs and COFs, subsequently reviewing the design methods for materials optimized for AWH performance. Lastly, the manuscript outlines the primary challenges and development recommendations for future energy-saving AWH solutions in arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]