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The design of efficient, stable and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction holds substantial significance in water electrolysis, but it remains challenging. Tremella-like nickel-molybdenum bimetal phosphide encapsulated cobalt phosphide (NiMoP/CoP) with hierarchical architectures has been effectively synthesized on nickel foam (NF) via a straightforward hydrothermal followed by low-temperature phosphating method. Based on the unique structural benefits, it significantly increases the number of redox active centers, enhances the electrical conductivity of materials, and diminishes the ion diffusion path lengths, thereby promoting efficient electrolyte penetration and reducing the inherent resistance. The as-obtained NiMoP/CoP/NF electrocatalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic activity with an ultralow overpotential of 38 mV (10 mA cm−2) and low Tafel slope of 83 mV dec−1. The straightforward synthesis process and exceptional electrocatalytic properties of NiMoP/CoP/NF demonstrate great potential for the HER to replace the precious metal catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deployable structures based on origami are widely used in the application of actuators. In this paper, we present a novel family of origami-based deployable structures with constant curvature. Two categories of non-flat-foldable and non-developable degree-4 vertices (NFND degree-4 vertices) are introduced. Pyramid structures are constructed based on the NFND degree-4 vertices. Doubly symmetric and singly symmetric spherical origami tubular cells (SOTCs) are established based on pyramid structures. To construct deployable origami modules using SOTCs, linking units are introduced. The mobility of the SOTCs and origami modules is analyzed using constraint screws. To realize the construction and simulation of deployable structures, kinematic and geometric analyses of the doubly symmetric and singly symmetric SOTCs are performed. Finally, we introduce four cases for deployable structures in spherical actuators based on the combination of multiple origami modules. These case studies demonstrate the potential of these deployable origami structures in the design of spherical actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flight load test technology is of great importance for load designing, strength flight test and life monitoring of the aircraft. In order to realize the real-time distributed aerodynamic load test on the complex wing surface, the data-driven load estimation method based on refine finite element simulation is proposed. The artificial neural network is established with deep-learning method. The data set of the structural response is constructed by the high-precision finite element method, which is used to train the model. The wing load estimation results based on deep learning method is compared and verified with the finite element calculation results. The results show that the average error of the total load is about 0.2%, and the position error of the pressure center is about 1%. The method using several strain test points can estimate and reconstruct the load distribution of the whole wing in real time.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies are characterised by the pathologically hyperphosphorylated and aggregated microtubule‐associated protein Tau, which is accompanied by neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia. However, the role of Tau pathology in microglia activation or their causal relationship remains largely elusive. Methods: The levels of nucleotide‐binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)‐like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) acetylation and inflammasome activation in multiple cell models with Tau proteins treatment, transgenic mice with Tauopathy, and AD patients were measured by Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the acetyltransferase activity of Tau and NLRP3 acetylation sites were confirmed using the test‐tube acetylation assay, co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, mass spectrometry and molecular docking. The Tau‐overexpressing mouse model was established by overexpression of human Tau proteins in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons through the adeno‐associated virus injection. The cognitive functions of Tau‐overexpressing mice were assessed in various behavioural tests, and microglia activation was analysed by Iba‐1 IF staining and [18F]‐DPA‐714 positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. A peptide that blocks the interaction between Tau and NLRP3 was synthesised to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of Tau–NLRP3 interaction blockade on NLRP3 acetylation, inflammasome activation, microglia activation and cognitive function. Results: Excessively elevated NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation were observed in 3xTg‐AD mice, microtubule‐associated protein Tau P301S (PS19) mice and AD patients. It was further confirmed that mimics of 'early' phosphorylated‐Tau proteins which increase at the initial stage of diseases with Tauopathy, including TauT181E, TauS199E, TauT217E and TauS262E, significantly promoted Tau–K18 domain acetyltransferase activity‐dependent NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation in HEK293T and BV‐2 microglial cells. In addition, Tau protein could directly acetylate NLRP3 at the K21, K22 and K24 sites at its PYD domain and thereby induce inflammasome activation in vitro. Overexpression of human Tau proteins in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons resulted in impaired cognitive function, Tau transmission to microglia and microgliosis with NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation. As a targeted intervention, competitive binding of a designed Tau–NLRP3‐binding blocking (TNB) peptide to block the interaction of Tau protein with NLRP3 inhibited the NLRP3 acetylation and downstream inflammasome activation in microglia, thereby alleviating microglia activation and cognitive impairment in mice. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for a novel role of Tau in the regulation of microglia activation through acetylating NLRP3, which has potential implications for early intervention and personalised treatment of AD and related Tauopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with high catalytic activity, good long-term durability and rapid reaction kinetics through interface engineering is of great significance. Herein, we have developed a bimetallic sulfide particle cluster-supported three-dimensional graphene aerogel (FeNiS@GA), which serves as an efficient electrocatalyst for OER, by a one-step hydrothermal method. Profiting from the synergy of the FeNiS particle cluster with high capacitance and GA with its three-dimensional porous nanostructure, FeNiS@GA shows a high specific surface area, large pore volume, low contact resistance, and decreases the electron and ion transport routes. FeNiS@GA exhibits outstanding OER activity (when the current density is 50 mA cm−2, the overpotential is 341 mV), low Tafel slope (63.87 mV dec−1) and remarkable stability in alkaline solutions, outperforming FeNiS, NiS@GA, FeS@GA and RuO2. Due to its simple synthesis process and excellent electrocatalytic performance, FeNiS@GA shows great potential to replace noble metal-based catalysts in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]