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In the natural environment, complex and changeable meteorological factors can influence changes in the internal physiology and phenotype of crops. It is important to learn how to convert complex meteorological factor stimuli into plant perception phenotypes when analyzing the biological data obtained under the natural field condition. We restored the true gradation distribution of leaf color, which is also known as the skewed distribution of color scale, and obtained 20 multi-dimensional color gradation skewness-distribution (CGSD) parameters based on the leaf color skewness parameter system. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the five corresponding meteorological factors and canopy CGSD parameters of peppers growing in a greenhouse and cabbages growing in an open air environment, built response model and inversion mode of leaf color to meteorological factors. Based on the analysis, we find a new method for correlating complex environmental problems with multi-dimensional parameters. This study provides a new idea for building a correlation model that uses leaf color as a bridge between meteorological factors and plants internal physiological state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crop leaf color is tightly connected with its meteorological environment. Color gradation skewness-distribution (CGSD) parameters can describe the information of leaf color more accurately, systematically, and comprehensively from five dimensions. We took photographs of pepper growing in the greenhouse at a fixed time every day and observed the meteorological factors. The results showed that the CGSD parameters were significantly correlated with meteorological factors, especially with the accumulated temperature, which showed the strongest correlation. Since the relationship between canopy leaf color and accumulated temperature is nonlinear, the piecewise inversion models were constructed by taking the stationary point of the high-order response model of Gskewness to accumulated temperature as the point of demarcation. The rate of outliers had decreased by 57.72%; moreover, the overall inversion accuracy had increased by 3.31% compared with the linear model directly constructed by the stepwise regression. It was observed that the pepper in the greenhouse had a different response to the same meteorological environmental stimulus before and after the stationary point. This study will provide a new method for constructing crop growth models in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high quality and efficient production of greenhouse vegetation depend on micrometeorology environmental adjusting such as system warming and illumination supplement. In order to improve the quantity, quality, and efficiency of greenhouse vegetation, it is necessary to figure out the relationship between the crop growth conditions and environmental meteorological factors, which could give constructive suggestions for precise control of the greenhouse environment and reduce the running costs. The parameters from the color information of the plant canopy reflect the internal physiological conditions, thus, the RGB model has been widely used in the color analysis of digital pictures of leaves. We take photographs of Begonia Fimbristipula Hance (BFH) growing in the greenhouse at a fixed time every day and measure the meteorological factors. The results showed that the color scale for the single leaf, single plant, and the populated canopy of the BFH photographs all have skewed cumulative distribution histograms. The color gradation skewness-distribution (CGSD) parameters of the RGB model were increased from 4 to 20 after the skewness analysis, which greatly expanded the canopy leaf color information and could simultaneously describe the depth and distribution characteristics of the canopy color. The 20 CGSD parameters were sensitive to the micrometeorology factors, especially to the radiation and temperature accumulation. The multiple regression models of mean, median, mode, and kurtosis parameters to microclimate factors were established, and the spatial models of skewness parameters were optimized. The models can well explain the response of canopy color to microclimate factors and can be used to monitor the variation of plant canopy color under different micrometeorology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A salt-sensitive mutant designated rice salt sensitive 2 ( rss2) was isolated from the M2 generation of the rice cultivar Nipponbare mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). This mutant exhibited a greater decrease in salt tolerance with a significant increase in Na+ content in its shoots. Genetic analysis indicated that the increase in Na+ in rss2 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Further genome-wide analysis of the linkage map constructed from the F2 population of rss2/Zhaiyeqing 8 (ZYQ8) showed that two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1 and 6 were responsible for the Na+ concentration in shoots, which explained 14.5% and 53.3%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance. The locus on chromosome 1, but not that on chromosome 6, was also detected in the F2 population of Nipponbare/ZYQ8, suggesting that the QTL on chromosome 6 was responsible for the salt sensitivity in rss2. By analyzing the recombination events in 220 mutant individuals of an enlarged mapping population of rss2/ZYQ8, the rss2 locus was precisely mapped to an interval of 605.3 kb between insertion/deletion (InDel) markers IM21962 and IM22567. This finding will facilitate the cloning of the rss2 locus and provide insight into the physiological mechanisms of salt sensitivity in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants contain several NADPH-producing enzymes including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (G6PDH) with different sub-cellular localizations. The activity of plastidial G6PDHs is redox-regulated by thioredoxins (TRX). Although specific TRXs are known to regulate chloroplastic isoforms of G6PDH, little information is available for plastidic isoforms found in heterotrophic organs or tissues. Here, we investigated TRX regulation of the two G6PDH plastidic isoforms of Arabidopsis roots during exposure to a mild salt stress. We report that in vitro m-type TRXs are the most efficient regulators of the G6PDH2 and G6PDH3 mainly found in Arabidopsis roots. While expression of the corresponding G6PD and plastidic TRX genes was marginally affected by salt, it impaired root growth of several of the corresponding mutant lines. Using an in situ assay for G6PDH, G6PDH2 was found to be the major contributor to salt-induced increases in activity, while data from ROS assays further provide in vivo evidence that TRX m acts in redox regulation during salt stress. Taken together, our data suggest that regulation of plastid G6PDH activity by TRX m may be an important player regulating NADPH production in Arabidopsis roots undergoing salt stress., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Née, Wang, Châtel-Innocenti, Mhamdi, Juranville, Vanacker, Noctor and Issakidis-Bourguet.)

Purpose: To investigate the application values of CT combined with tumor markers (TM) in the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: 62 HCC patients were selected as the study group and all of them had undergone hepatectomy. In addition, 40 healthy subjects composed the control group. Blood samples were collected preoperatively from the subjects of the study group, and serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. The correlation between serum TM levels and clinicopathological features was investigated by pathological examination. The imaging features of HCC were explored by spiral CT plain scanning and enhanced scanning. The diagnostic efficiency of single detection of TM, combined detection of TMs and combined detection of TMs and CT was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC)., Results: The levels of serum AFP, CA19-9 and CEA in HCC patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Patients with low differentiation and distant metastasis had higher levels of AFP, CA19-9 and CEA (p<0.05) compared with patients with high differentiation and no distant metastasis. There were no significant differences in TM levels in HCC patients with different age, gender and clinical stages (p>0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the single detection of serum AFP, CEA or CA19-9 had lower specificity and sensitivity compared with the combined detection of the three TMs (p<0.05). The combined CT examination could achieve a specificity of 95.71% and a sensitivity of 87.47%, superior to the combined detection of the TMs (p<0.05). Eight HCC patients relapsed within 6 months after operation. Compared with those before operation, the levels of serum AFP, CA19-9 and CEA in the relapsed patients were increased significantly, and the TM levels were higher than those in patients without relapse (p<0.05)., Conclusions: The detection of serum AFP, CA19-9 and CEA combined with CT can overcome the deficiency of single detection, avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and increase significantly the positive detection rate of HCC.

Purpose: To investigate multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) imaging with breast cancer chemotherapy and the correlation between MSCT and breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1)., Methods: 86 patients with breast cancer were enrolled from January 2016 to May 2017. All of them were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and underwent MSCT scan before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy. The expression of BCSG1 in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between CT results and BCSG1 was analyzed., Results: MSCT evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients was consistent with pathological evaluation (p<0.05). MSCT in patients after chemotherapy was significantly better than before chemotherapy (p<0.05). CT examination showed that tumor diameter and lymph node size were significantly reduced after chemotherapy (p<0.05). The positive rates of BCSG1 in patients with different TNM stages after chemotherapy were significantly decreased (p<0.05) and the CT perfusion value of BCSG1 in the low expression group was significantly higher than in the high expression group (p<0.05)., Conclusions: MSCT can accurately evaluate the effect of chemotherapy in breast cancer. The results of MSCT were closely related to the expression of BCSG1, which may provide a reference for predicting the effect of chemotherapy in breast cancer which could have important clinical significance.