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This paper discusses the representation of the lower class and social reality in Japan through the film Shoplifters. This film is analyzed using the representation theory of Stuart Hall, with critical discourse analysis. The characters in the film are members of a marginalized social class who voice problems of poverty, stigmatization, family problems, and social alienation that on the other hand, are clashed with humanism values. The result of this study indicate that Shoplifters is a social critique that represent the lower class in Japan. The humanistic side shown by the characters through their attitude and dialogue becomes a paradox, as an effort to fight the stigmatization of the lower class that has taken root due to sociohistorical factors. Japan's advancement has impact on the alienation which they tried to overcome by building social cohesion in the form of a family.

Community library is an institution that aims to improve the culture of literacy. It is held by several member of the society. However, community library faces several problems that hinder development, including regeneration problems in the organizational management. The library is generally located in the house of a resident, so its accessibility is very dependent on the existence of the homeowner. The homeowner is also the manager of the library. Therefore, regeneration in management is very important. The lack of awareness of community members causes the problem in the regeneration. This paper discusses the problem on sustainability of the community library. The data was taken from one of the community library in Bantul Regency, namely Widuri Pandan. The results of observations and interviews indicate that: 1) collaboration is needed with various parties to be able to develop the community, not only through donations, but also collaboration activities; 2) it is necessary to design forms of routine activities that can stimulate public interest in literacy; 3) sustainability in the human resources development faces some obstacles, so that regeneration and formation of the literacy team need to be formed.

CMC Tiga Warna is one of the coastal area management for conservation and ecotourism in southern Malang, Indonesia. Despite fewer tourist visits, the COVID-19 pandemic did not dissuade locals from managing and protecting ecotourism in the coastal area. This study aims to: (a) to describe coastal ecosystem management; and (b) to analyze coastal ecotourist visit intention related to tourism knowledge, perceived health risk, and risk attitude in the post-COVID-19 era as a part of developing strategy for coastal ecosystem management in the study area from the perspective of ecotourists and destination management. CMC Tiga Warna management, community group supervisors, the local community, and a variety of experts were interviewed in order to gather data for the current strategy. Coastal ecotourist visit intention data from domestic ecotourists was gathered via online and offline surveys. Analyzing the visit intention data with Warp-PLS. Using the visit intention model and interview data, the coastline management strategy was described. This study found that the coastal environment management plan constantly involved ecotourists and locals. Tourism knowledge and risk attitude are positively related to the visit intention, however perceived health risk is negatively related to it. The significant positive relationship between tourism knowledge and ecotourist visit intention is mediated by perceived health risk and risk attitude. Development of the coastal ecosystem management plan could be supported by boosting visit intention, ecotourism visits, or economic incentive as a motive for sustaining the conservation program's consistency, and ecological and social rewards in a sustainable manner. This study added to the Theory of Reasoned Action by adding two additional factors, tourist knowledge and perceived health risk, in addition to the attitude to predict the visit intention. The ecotourism manager should provide varied tourist information and knowledge as needed, reduce COVID-19 exposure risk at tourist destinations, and increase risk attitude.

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian mengenai budaya literasi di kalangan mahasiswa pembelajar Bahasa Jepang, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui budaya literasi di kalangan mahasiswa Bahasa Jepang, Sekolah Vokasi UGM; (2) mengetahui motivasi dalam aktivitas literasi mahasiswa; dan (3) sebagai studi pendahuluan untuk penelitian selanjutnya, yang diharapkan juga bermanfaat dalam merancang metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan model belajar mahasiswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) budaya literasi di kalangan mahasiswa Bahasa Jepang terwujud dalam kegiatan eksploratif seperti mencari informasi yang diminati dan dibutuhkan, serta mencatat informasi yang dianggap perlu. Akan tetapi, aktivitas literasi ini sebagian besar masih dimotivasi oleh ada tidaknya tugas kuliah, serta adanya suatu peristiwa atau fenomena yang sedang menjadi topik perbincangan (trending topic) (75%). Aktivitas literasi yang didasari factor kebutuhan masih tergolong rendah, yaitu sebanyak 12% dari keseluruhan mahasiswa responden; (2) mahasiswa yang mengakses informasi setiap hari juga masih tergolong rendah, yaitu sebanyak 22%; dan (3) media social menjadi media yang paling sering diakses dalam melakukan aktivitas literasi, yaitu sebanyak 52,5%, dan 47,5% sisanya mengakses informasi melalui situs berita online.

In translating Japanese compound sentences, generally, students still have difficulty in interpreting the meaning of the -te verb which functioned as a conjunction (-te conjunction) in compound sentences. Semantically, the -te verb form has some meanings that can be distinguished based on the context of the sentence. Inaccuracy in determining the meaning of the -te conjunction can affect the results of translating compound sentences. In this research, the forms of -te conjunction translation errors which causes the error in translating compound sentence will be elaborated. Data in this research taken from the translation of 'Haha no Tanjobi', which is one of the subtitles in the Rudolf Beethoven biography book titled Beetoben Kodomo Denki Zenshuu, translated by semester VI students of the Japanese Language Program, Vocational College, UGM. From the analysis, the causes of errors in translating conjunctions can be concluded as follows: learners do not understand the classification of the -te conjunctions’ meaning, lack of mastery of Japanese and Indonesian compound sentence structures, and have not been able to understand the message/ meaning of each clause forming compound sentences in Japanese.

(Title: Batik Clothes As Omiyage: Case Study On Japanese University Students Who Had Studied At UGM In 2009-2017) Batik has long been known as a typical culture of Yogyakarta, and therefore it is most likely chosen by the tourists to take home as souvenir. Until 2017 UGM which is located in Yogyakarta is often visited by students from Japan. As well as studying, they also become tourists who will buy omiyage before returning to Japan. The culture of giving omiyage has existed in Japan since ancient times and until now the term omiyage is still being used for something given to others after traveling. This study aims to determine the relevance of batik clothing as omiyage according to the view of Japanese students who have studied at UGM from 2009-2017. Data were obtained through questionnaire distributed during July 2017 to 60 Japanese students who had studied at UGM. The results of this study indicate that food is still preferred to be omiyage, and batik clothes is not a suitable item to be brought home as omiyage, because of some perceptions about batik clothes as somehing not quite universal to wear in Japan.

Learning method is one of the important aspects to reach the aim of learning. In foreign language learning, especially in Japanese, various method is needed in order to improve the student’s skill and also give chance to the students to be more active in learning Japanese. This paper aims to explore the impact of various method used in Japanese learning in Vocational College, UGM. Based on the research, there are several impact on various method use to the student’s learning outcome. First, the students become more active in learning and show their opinions. Second, various method build the student’s self-reliance, and third, improving the student’s skill of communication, especially in Japanese.

Berlin banana flower (Musa acuminate AA.) was widely found in Indonesia, it is believed to contain rich bioactive phytochemical constituents. A novel prototype, a continuous system-designed ultrasound machine (CDUM), was utilized to extract the constituents of the Berlin banana flower. Extraction was done for three parts of the Berlin banana flower (inner bud, outer bud, and male flower), for each 15 min, working the solvent in different polarities (distilled water, ethanol 100%, and ethanol 50%). CDUM was equipped with a novel element namely a double-jacket chiller to hold stable temperature (≤ 30 °C) for running time. Results, the highest extract yields of all extracted Berlin banana flower parts (13.80 ± 0.16% - 15.33 ± 0.18%) was generated by the ethanol 50%. However, the extract yield average of each part was equal. By the best solvent, the male flower part extract had the highest antioxidant capacity (47.13 ± 0.72%). Bioactive phytochemical classes i.e. phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acid derivatives, fatty acid derivatives, organic sulfur-containing compounds, and saponins were contained in the extracts of different Berlin banana flower parts. The richest phenolics (12 compounds) were present in the male flower part extract., mainly gallic acid, caffeic acid, phenyllactic acid, 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid, 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid, and 2,5-di-tert-Butylhydroquinone, which are only contained in it. The CDUM extracted the Berlin banana flower more efficiently (high yield, low energy consumption) than the conventional technique.

ABSTRACT. This article delves into the impact and role of the lower middle class on Indonesia’s environmental landscape. Despite their social and economic marginalization, this demographic heavily relies on cheap, easily accessible fast fashion for clothing, leading to detrimental environmental consequences such as ecosystem degradation and pollution. This research was carried out by conducting a literature review through library research, where the data came from library data collection. This study further analyzes literature regarding socio-economic dynamics and environmental problems. This approach unveiled the lower middle class’s profound influence of fast fashion consumption on Indonesia’s environment. The research highlights the lower middle class’s pivotal role in fast fashion waste distribution, exacerbating environmental pollution. Hence, governmental intervention becomes imperative to regulate fast fashion production, manage waste, and restrict the influx of second-hand fast fashion businesses. The article concludes by emphasizing the lower middle class’s dual role as both major consumers and victims of global capitalism in the fast fashion industry, necessitating state protection through various policy measures. These include elevating product quality standards, ensuring fair labor practices, enhancing consumer protection, and controlling the influx of foreign fast fashion products. Ultimately, the study underscores the necessity of comprehensive governmental interventions to mitigate the environmental repercussions of fast fashion consumption, safeguarding both the lower middle class and Indonesia’s environment.

Within the framework of sovereign country under the Constitution of 1945, the regulation concerning social security stated in Article 28H paragraph (3) and article 34 paragraph (2). Social security is also guaranteed under the Declaration of Human Rights Year1948 and confirmed in ILO Convention number 102 in 1952 that urge all countries to give maximum protection to labors. As continuation of those regulations, a national system of social security has been formed to result integrated and vast social protection. Transformation of labor security from JAMSOSTEK (Social Protection for Labors), ASKES (Health Insurance) to a mergence called BPJS (Social Security Administrative Body) has been a reforming step that gives legal implication to the rights and responsibility of its stakeholders. The policy of social security system, then demanded that the body is divided into two main different tasks: Health Security Administrative Body (BPJS Kesehatan), Labor Security Administrative Body (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan). This distinction leads to the conversion of membership, programs, asset, liability, workers, right, responsibilities, as well as the addition of a new program called pension security, especially within the framework of Labor Security Administrative Body. This is, in short, to pursue an integrated and inclusive administration of social security.

This study aims to determine the implementation of waste management policies in Simeulue District. The method used is qualitative, while the informants are determined by purposive sampling. Data was collected through interviews and documentation. While data analysis is done by means of transcription, classification, and drawing conclusions, The results of the study show that the implementation of policies related to waste management, abbreviated as Jakstrakab, as stated in Simeulue Regent Regulation Number 21 of 2019, shows that: (1) Jakstrakab communication through outreach has not reached many groups; (2) resources are still limited, especially related to human resources, budget, and waste management facilities such as abandoned fleets, warehouses, and equipment; (3) regarding the disposition, there is still overlapping work; and (4) the large bureaucratic structure causes officers to carry out their duties and functions not in accordance with the established Jakstrakab. The study concludes that bureaucracy, commitment, efficient communication, and resource allocation are necessary for Simeulue's waste management policy to be implemented. It is necessary to overcome obstacles including poor communication, a lack of resources, and bureaucratic disarray. Simeulue may enhance waste management practices toward sustainability by strengthening communication, managing resources better, and enlisting the support of policy implementers.

The aim of this research is to determine the total amount of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins) contained in the ethanol juice of juwet leaves (Syzygium cumini L.) using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method and to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol juice of juwet leaves based on IC50 value. Determination of total levels of secondary metabolites using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and antioxidant testing using the DPPH method. The results of qualitative analysis of the ethanol juice of juwet leaves contained secondary metabolite compounds, namely flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids. The average value obtained for the level of total secondary metabolites for flavonoid compounds was 0.417% w/w., saponins 0.766 w/w., tannins 0.282 w/w and alkaloids 0.384% w/w. The results of testing the antioxidant activity of juwet leaf ethanol extract and quercetin as a comparison had antioxidant activity, the average IC50 results were 14.289 ± 0.255 ppm and 102.45 ppm, therefore they were classified as moderate antioxidants.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus on the pancreas that can end up in chronic pancreas failure. Various treatment options to repair pancreas damage due to diabetic nephropathy, one of which is by using Anredera cordifolia leaves. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract, and to determine the effective dose of Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract in regenerating male white rat kidney cells. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. This study used 30 rats divided into 6 treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 test animals, namely normal group, negative control, positive control, dose of 25 mg/kg BW, dose 50 mg/kg BW, and dose 100 mg/kg bw. The level of histological damage to the renal tubules was observed with HE staining using an Olympus CX23 microscope. The data from the scoring of the level of renal tubular damage were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between treatments. The results showed that the Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract has an effect on kidney cell repair; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw is effective reducing urea and creatinine; with an average decrease of 17.0 and 0.71 mg/dL in repairing kidney cells with an average damage value of 1.

Indonesia's maritime economic potential is now starting to be managed in an innovative and good manner, so that it can become one of the targets of development and can provide optimal benefits for the state and people of Indonesia. This very supportive maritime natural condition can certainly be developed into other potentials, one of which is tourism. This potential certainly should not be missed. Simeulue Island has many beautiful tourist spots that need to be developed. However, the beautiful natural charm is not offset by optimal management. waste management is still bad, there is an assumption that development on the beach will only provide one-sided benefits and a lack of community enthusiasm for the development of beach tourism, and the problem of minimal human resources in managing marine tourism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of sustainable marine tourism through the Pentahelix concept in Simeulue Regency. The method used is a qualitative method using observation, interviews and literature studies. The results of the study show that there are 5 roles studied, namely the government, which is carried out by the Disparbud and Bappeda collaborating and coordinating with each other on issues related to tourism development planning which are in the process of being prepared and further sustainable development is needed. While academics play a role in efforts to study the development of tourism and community empowerment in the field of tourism. The media play a role in helping promotions to increase tourist attractiveness, social groups through tourism awareness groups that need to be optimized again and business people who provide tourism support facilities in Simeulue Regency such as lodging, culinary, entertainment and transportation

Teachers play an essential role in managing the class. Actions that need to be taken by the teacher in creating classroom conditions are communication and interpersonal relationships between students and teachers reciprocally and effectively, arranging classroom equipment and children's seats, and planning or preparing for teaching. This research aims to find out and describe planning in-class management, organizing in-class management, implementing in-class management, and supervising PAUD class management at RA Al-Islamiyah Bandarsakti. The research method used is descriptive analysis, namely data analysis, by emphasizing meaning, reasoning, the definition of certain situations, and describing the behavior of the studied object. Data collection tools used are observation, interviews, and documentation. As for concluding using inductive thinking data, namely thoughts that depart from facts or special events, then conclusions are drawn that have a general nature from these particular facts. The results showed that: class management at RA Al-Islamiyah Bandarsakti. First, classroom management planning has been prepared since the beginning of the learning year, such as making daily lesson plans, weekly lesson plans, semester programs, and making class rules of conduct; Second, in organizing classes, the teacher uses resources according to needs, such as organizing or grouping seats for students and selecting one of the students to dare to lead activities; Third, in the implementation of class management, it is still not optimal in leading, directing, motivating, guiding, being a role model for students in the class both in speech, attitude and way of dressing, as well as the arrangement of infrastructure which is still not optimal; Fourth, in supervising class management the teacher always evaluates learning outcomes every day and then makes comparisons of previous learning outcomes.

Background: Syringodium isoetifolium is a seagrass that grows abundantly in Indonesian territorial waters and has been known to be of high significance not only for the seawater ecosystem, but also for human beings (as food, nutritional and pharmaceutical products). In this study, the bioactive constituent of Syringodium isoetifolium was extracted using several different techniques to recover a maximum yield. Methods: Extraction was carried out by conventional and non-conventional (Microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction-bath system, and ultrasound-assisted extraction- (UAE) probe system) techniques with green solvents (water, 50% ethanol, and 100% ethanol). Results: As a result, 50% ethanol and water extracts exhibited a significantly higher yield. Total phenol content was significantly higher for 50% ethanol extract. Different extraction techniques (using 50% ethanol solvent) showed that the UAE-probe was the best technique since it yielded the highest total phenol (17.37 ± 2.16 mg GAE/g) and the richest bioactive compounds (Choline, betaine, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 7-Hydroxycoumarine, 4-Methoxycinnamic acid, Zearalenone, Caffeic acid, Levalbuterol, Phloretin, Dihydrocaffeic acid, Quercetin-3β-D-glucoside and Quercetin). Interestingly, choline was the most abundant compound in the extract obtained with different extraction techniques. In this in silico assay, choline from seagrass extract was shown as an anti-inflammatory. The interaction pathway of the choline compound with receptors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL6) had a higher binding affinity value than the inhibitor-receptor interaction (i.e. -3.4, -3.0, and -2.8 kcal/mol). The cytotoxicity test on TIG-1 cells showed that the extract did not have a toxic effect on them. Conclusions: These findings support the potential use of Syringodium isoetifolium as a bioactive food ingredient.

Coastal Lampung is one of the areas visited by immigrant, the asylum seekers, before heading to the destination country. They come from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sudan, and Somalia. Immigrants left their home countries because of conflict and socio-economic conditions. The concept of maritime development must pay attention to the social security aspect of illegal immigrants, and people smuggling. The specific purpose of this study is to get a development model for cooperation in handling human smuggling in the Lampung Coastal Region. This study uses the Lani Kass formula regarding non traditional security threats. From the formula, the researcher will explain the descriptive qualitative method of three aspects, such as vulnerability, the intention of the foreigners’s arrival and state capabilities. The result of this study shows that there is already a model of cooperation for handling people smuggling in Lampung, including to reach the coastal areas. Inter-party cooperation coordinated by the Ministry of Political, Legal and Security Coordination involves up to the regional government. The efforts to handle people smuggling in Lampung was intense around 2008 and faded around 2015. There was a dependency from the part of the regional government on the central government's budget and programs, and cooperation initiated by the central government with international organizations such as IOM, UNHCR and the destination countries of the refugees. The increasing cases have not been responded to by the government with adequate regulation and handling efforts. Indonesia has not signed a refugee convention, also affects the absence of regional regulations regarding people smuggling. Key words: People Smuggling, Vulnerability, Intention, State Capabilities, Local Government

The Reading Community (in Indonesian: Taman Bacaan Masyarakat/TBM) has a role as one of the driving forces in supporting literacy culture in society. The Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation Number 23, 2015 concerns the Cultivation of Character Building and strengthens efforts to establish the culture of literacy. This study took samples of TBM in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Based on data from the Ministry of Education and Culture 2018, there are currently 56 reading communities in the Bantul Regency. This is around 15% of the total TBM in DIY Province. As a form of out-of-school education, TBM also has a role in improving the quality of human resources. This study considers the relationship between the existence of the community and their role in improving the quality of human resources in the society. This study used descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection is done through observations and interviews. Based on the collected data, it was concluded that the presence of TBM managed by members of the local community had a positive influence, especially for children and adolescents. The existence of TBM increases reading interest among children and boosts the number of teenagers who continue their education to a higher level. Thus, the TBM supports one of the national goals, namely improving the quality of human resources through lifelong learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of natural preparations is a treatment carried out by the community with the aim of improving health status naturally. Traditional medicine has become an alternative for the community due to the relatively high cost of modern medicine. One of the diseases with a high financing burden is kidney disease, which is after heart and blood vessel disease. This study aims to determine the potential of traditional medicinal preparations of Herbal Oil STIFA Pelita Mas on the state of urea and creatinine concentrations in experimental animals, this research used white male rats divided into six treatments. Determination of urea and creatinine levels was carried out starting from days 1, 7, 14, 21 to 28, then normality and homogeneity tests were carried out, and parametric statistics were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the administration of STIFA Pelita Mas Herbal Oil in Formula 1, 2, and 3 had urea levels of 42.60 mg/dL, 28.64 mg/dL, and 51.46 mg/dL, respectively. The average values ​​of creatinine in Formula 1, 2, and 3 were 0.73 mg/dL, 0.63 mg/dL, and 0.92 mg/dL, respectively. The administration of Formula 2 was effective in reducing the concentration of urea and creatinine. Pelita Mas herbal oil preparation can be used as a medicine to improve kidney structure.

ABSTRAK. Peraturan Provinsi Banten No. 2 tahun 2011 Dijelaskan bahwa Daerah Strategis Provinsi adalah wilayah yang perencanaan tata ruang tersebut diprioritaskan karena memiliki pengaruh yang sangat penting dalam lingkup provinsi ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan / atau lingkungan.Metode penelitian dilakukan adalah penelitain gabungan seperti data primer (Survey,pengukuran,pengambilan foto dengan drone) sedangkan data sekunder (regulasi dinas setempat,kearifan lokal banten).Hasil dari penelitian dalam rangka mendukung pengembangan kawasan strategis provinsi maka diupayakan pembangunan infrastruktur yang merupakan motor penggerak suatu kawasan sebagai bagian terintegrasi antara pembangunan nasional dan roda pertumbuhan ekonomi.Maka perlu sebuah identitas Kawasan sebagai pembatas dalam sebuah Kawasan, dengan adanya RTH dan Landmark Kawasan sebagai pembatasa di 3 perbatasan Banten-Jawa barat, Banten-Lampung dan Banten Jakarta.Dengan dasar konsep Landmark dengan menerepakan kearifan local pada Sculpture dengan motif/bentuk dan bahan kearifan lokal pada Landmark.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dimana dapatmemberikan sebuah konsep desain pada RTH dan Landmark sebagai identitas dan perbatasan dengan wilayah provinsi lain dengan khas/kearifanlokal yang ada dibanten yang diterapkan dalam desain RTH dan Landmark. Kata kunci: Kawasan, Infrastruktur, Prioritas, Strategis ABSTRACT. Banten Province Regulation No. 2 of 2011 It is explained that the Provincial Strategic Region is an area where spatial planning is prioritized because it significantly influences the province's economic, social, cultural, and/ or environmental scope. The research method is carried out by combining primary data (Surveys, measurements, taking photos with drones) and secondary data (regulations of local offices, local wisdom of Banten). The research results support the development of the province's strategic areas. Efforts are made to develop infrastructure, which is the driving force of an area as an integrated part of national development and the wheels of economic growth. Need a regional identity as a barrier in a room, with the existence of green open space and regional landmarks as boundaries on the three borders of Banten-West Java, Banten-Lampung, and Banten Jakarta. Based on the concept of Landmarks by applying local wisdom to Sculpture with motifs/shapes and materials local wisdom on Landmarks. The conclusion from this research is that it can provide a design concept for green open space and landmarks as identities and borders with other provincial areas with local characteristics/wisdom that exist in Banten, which are applied in the design of green open space and landmarks. Keywords: Area, Infrastructure, Priority, Strategic

The snake fruit peel (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) traditionally has several health benefits, one of which is to treat diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract of snake fruit peel and its activity on glucose and urea creatinine levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 30 test animals divided into 6 treatment groups (normal control, negative control, positive control, 70 mg/kg BW, 140 mg/kg BW, and 280 mg/kg BW). The results showed that the ethanol extract of the bark of the salak fruit contained 7.61 %w/w alkaloids, flavonoids 0.041% w/w, tannins 1.18% w/w, and saponins 2% w/w. Ethanol extract of salak fruit peel dose of 140 mg/kg BW affected decreasing blood glucose and urea creatinine levels. The skin of the salak fruit has the potential to be further investigated as an antidiabetic.

Background: Brem industry workers can be at risk to get into heat strain in their workplace. The cases are caused by heat pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature. Purpose: To analyze the heat pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature that can influence the heat strain simultaneously to the workers of the Brem industry in the Kaliabu region, Madiun city, Indonesia. Method: The research is characteristic analytic observation quantitative with the cross-sectional approach in which a sample is 157 respondents with a total amount are 266 workers. The analysis test path use SPSS AMOS 23 accessories to analyze the data. Result: The results of the research are that heat stress does not influence the pulse rate (estimate 0, 02). Heat stress influences body temperature (estimate 0, 12). Heat stress does not influence the heat strain directly (estimate 0, 011). Pulse rate does not influence the heat strain (estimate 0, 08) and body temperature influences the heat strain (estimate 0, 04). Conclusion: Heat stress does not influence the heat strain directly but it influences the variety of body temperature so it needs to pay attention to the work duration time well. (7 hours working and 1 hour for taking rest). Also, it needed an arrangement of the room and adding the system of ventilation to get down the heat from the environment so heat strain can be restrained by checking the environment temperature and body temperature workers routine.

Aceh as one of the special autonomous regions which has a large enough budget compared to other regions makes the Aceh regional government have more useful programs to help alleviate poverty with a variety of superior programs, many regional potentials from various sectors that can be developed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of community empowerment programs through the Aceh Kreatif program so far and how the conditions of opportunities and challenges can be utilized by local governments in developing products and services from community empowerment through the Aceh Kreatif program. The research method used is a qualitative method. descriptive with the literature study technique The Aceh Creative Program is one of the 15 flagship programs of the Aceh government which indeed aims to improve the community's economy by emphasizing innovation creativity and utilizing local potential that is spread throughout the region from cities to villages in Aceh, contained in Aceh Qanun No.1 of 2019 concerning the Aceh Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM) for 2017-2022. The performance of the implementation of community empowerment through the Aceh program can be said to be good. 115 Bumdes are developing and getting turnover and obtaining PAG, several businesses were born in the village from community empowerment through the Aceh Kreatif program. Communication of the implementing agency is carried out through Focus Group discussions (FGD) then coordination meetings which are held regularly at the beginning of the year. In addition, the PMG Aceh Office conducts monitoring and evaluation of several gampongs in Aceh. Opportunities and challenges faced include central government support, competition, advances in science and technology, limited advice and infrastructure, as well as the quality and quantity of human resources.

This study aims to determine the content and total levels of secondary metabolites of ethanol extract of moringa seed (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Extraction of moringa seed using the maceration method to obtain a filtrate. The filtrate obtained was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract. The extract was tested qualitatively for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins using a suitable reagent with the test parameters. The quantitative test was using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Alkaloids using test parameters equivalent total alkaloid quinine, flavonoids use parameter test equivalent of the total flavonoids quercetin, saponin using test parameters from Quillaja total saponins and tannins quantitative bark using test parameters total tannin tannic acid equivalent. The result showed that moringa seed positive for alkaloids characterized by orange deposition, flavonoids are characterized by the formation of the yellow color orange, saponin their stable foam, and tannins are marked in black. Quantitative test results alkaloids of 916,87 µg/g, flavonoids of 0.255%, saponin of 6.367%, and tannin of 3,724.5 µg/g. Keywords: Moringa oleifera Lam., secondary metabolites, spectrophotometry

This study aims to examine the presence or absence of secondary metabolite compounds in ethanol extract, simplicia steeping and forest onion tuber juice, in male glucose parameters and pancreatic histopathology. Using test animals as many as 30 male white rats divided into 6 groups and each group consisted of 5 rats with group I details as normal controls, group II as negative controls given 0.5% Na-CMC suspension, group III as positive control who were given Metformin 45 mg / kg BB and IV, V, VI as the test group were given ethanol extract, simplicia extract and forest onion tuber juice with each dose of 20 g / kg BW. The results showed that there were secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of forest onion tubers, namely flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids and tannins, giving ethanol extract of forest onion bulbs had the effect of reducing blood glucose levels in white mice with a dose of 20g / kgBW with an average of 132 and ethanol extract of forest onion bulbs at a dose of 20g / kg BB with an average of 0.5 can regenerate pancreatic tissue.

Indonesia is a country which implemented local autonomy and have principle refers to the power of localities to legislate and regulate the behavior of residents. Based on that condition, local government has various policy matters which may cause problems in the formation of local regulation products. Until now, there are still uncertainty of standards and criteria on the establishment of Local Regulations and Local Head Regulations (governors, regents, mayors regulation) which may overlap one another and, as a result, finally revoked. This research paper is considered essential to conduct as there are numerous Local regulations with type, hierarchy, and legal substance which having technical characteristics and similarities with Local Head Regulations. In the other hand, many Local Head Regulations which should be organized in Local Regulations are somehow made in the form of Local Head Regulations. The merit of legislation principles based on law state is closely related with the formulation of local regulation products in the form of Local Regulations and Local Head Regulations. The authors discover a number of issues supporting the research objects, especially when creating the initiative Local Regulations. There were tendency of Council members to set up a technical issue in the form of Local Regulations in order that there would be no leeway to grant the authority to Local Head Regulations. Meanwhile, in other regions, there are a number of Local Head Regulations adopted into Local Regulations as their content materials are considered as the Local Regulations. Keywords: Local Regulation; Local Head Regulation; Principle of Legislation type; Hierarchy and Legal Substance.

Labor unions are workers association organizations that will fight for workers' rights when dealing with entrepreneurs. However, based on previous research, labor unions in Banyumas District experienced "death suspended". Its presence has not been felt by the members, it is supported by a survey conducted by the authors that of the 113 members of the All Indonesian Labor Union Federation (Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia) of Banyumas Regency, 90% have no Collective Labor Agreement (Perjanjian Kerja Bersama). The existence of these conditions often raises problems in the field of employment, especially labor unions. Underpinning the situation analysis is an urgent need to provide education and training of PKB for unions with partners of the All-Indonesia Labors Union Federation (SPSI) in Banyumas Regency under the supervision of Ministry of Manpower Republic Indonesia (Dinas Tenaga Kerja, Koperasi dan Unit Kredit Mikro Republik Indonesia) through community service activities, as devotion is a strategic means of transferring science and technology. Approach method of this writing is sociological juridical with the type of primary and secondary data and methods of presentation of data in the form of descriptive narrative. The purpose of this paper is to publish the results of community service in the form of education and training of PKB making in SPSI Banyumas Regency in order to be able to make PKB correct so that will guarantee the sustainability and protection for workers and support the creation of harmonious working relationship between workers and employers in Banyumas Regency. Keywords: Labor Unions; Collective Labor Agreement (PKB); work relationship.

Labor is the main capital Pancasila community development because the purpose of manpower development is the people's welfare, therefore the rights of workers must be guaranteed. The Government of Republic of Indonesia has a commitment to be responsible in the implementation of Social Security. It was realized its implementation by the government based on Law No. 24 of 2011 through the Social Security Agency ( BPJS ) which is a statutory body established to administer social security program. BPJS consists of Workers Social Agency and Healthcare and Social Security Agency. Social insurance programs provided by the Government aimed at protecting the rights of Indonesian workers , but on the other hand there are employers who do not carry out its obligations. Of course this provides a problem for workers whose position has not been balanced with employers. The government is not only responsible for the management of social security but also protection relating to administrative sanctions that may be granted to employers who neglect their obligations so that with the imposition of administrative sanctions is expected to lead to harmonious industrial relations.Keywords : administrative sanctions , employers , social security