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The paper deals with the implementation of research concerning the collection routes of a selected company and subsequent streamlining processes in the field of distribution logistics. Specifically, the paper is focused on the optimization of collection routes of textile waste for the customer, i.e., a contractual partner of the company under investigation. The objective of the paper is to analyse step by step the current state of logistics of supplying a specific warehouse, followed by the application of the centre of gravity method for proposing a warehouse relocation. Finally, the individual routes to collection points are optimized. In general, optimization is done for two basic reasons: profit maximization and logistics costs minimization, which ultimately has a positive impact on earnings. The outcome is to determine the optimal routes with respect to costs and traffic while considering complications that may occur in a given transport territory.

Suggesting the proper location for logistics facility can be considered as a decision making problem, wherein the final solution/decision is affected by multiple external or even internal circumstances. In order to address the decision making issues, various multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques may be implemented; and hence, they can be applied even when making a decision about an adequate logistics service center (LSC) placement in an examined territory (i.e., national logistics network of the selected territory), which is an aim of this manuscript. Following the statements above, as for the individual instruments of MCDM to be implemented in terms of the crucial objective of this research, the definite decision making process will be carried out by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) followed by the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), on the basis of criteria weights defined by the Saaty pairwise comparison method. The methods used appear to be ideal instruments towards decision making on the most suitable location which is represented by the region in our case. Subsequently, these will be ordered from the most preferred to least one by using a preference ranking. As a result of the application of AHP and TOPSIS approaches, based on the conducted calculations in regard to decision making on identifying the proper LSC location out of eight selected regions, one specific region will be defined as the most suitable (so-called compromise) scenario. Individual tools allow for reducing the number of assigned criteria that are taken into account in searching process for individual solutions. In order to objectify the entire decision making procedure, ten topic-involved experts having practical experience with a subject of logistics object allocation will be asked to participate in the process. Preferences differ from one decision maker (expert) to another; hence, the outcome depends on who is making decisions and what their goals and preferences are.

The aim of this research is to propose particular measures aimed at streamlining costs in terms of operations in a selected company. A specific proposal is based on the concept related to using services of the transport databank. As at least two out of five major carriers of the investigated company resell shipments to other carriers on such portals, the company could reduce the transport costs by entering shipments into the transport databank on its own. One out of three selected providers will be chosen using multi-criteria evaluation methods, specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (hereinafter referred to as AHP) and the Base-criterion method. Determination of the weights of criteria will be carried out using the Saaty method of quantitative pair wise comparison and the Fuller pair wise comparison method. In this paper, the presented methods are applied for the example of a specific company specialized in the manufacture of metal storage racks and steel structures. In the Czech Republic, the company employs 65 employees in production, storage and administration. Based on the analytical evaluation of the current situation of the company, relevant measures will be proposed with a required effect on the effectiveness of such an enterprise.

The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.

The objective of this contribution is the application of a new methodology for assessing connectivity in passenger transport regarding selected tariff points accessibility in the context of developing the selected region. From the passenger´s point of view, it is necessary to specially assess the accessibility of lines within transportation, between the selected destinations using passenger air transport. The length of the travel time, the number of necessary transfers and the number of travel opportunities affects the possibilities of transport between place A and B. The connections and lines are thus influenced by many factors. This is the basic point to consider when designing a set of evaluation criteria for assessing the connectivity and in carrying out a case study for a specific region. In this paper, Václav Havel Airport in Prague (Czech Republic) with selected air transport connections were evaluated according to the proposed methodology.

It is currently necessary to solve several bottlenecks in railway infrastructure. This is important because it is needed to improve railway infrastructure to be faster, safer and of high quality. Rail crossings on railway lines are also a significant bottleneck. There are still many rail crossings and a high number of accidents in many countries of the European Union. The issue of rail crossings must be addressed because many rail crossings reduce the flow of road and railway traffic. However, it is about the safety of transportation, as several serious and fatal traffic accidents have happened at rail crossings. Many times, the perspective ratios of the rail crossings are a significant problem and the main cause of traffic accidents. Therefore, it is important to propose a certain methodological procedure for the assessment of the perspective ratios in rail crossings. The main contribution goal is to briefly describe the development of the rail crossings number according to security devices and analyze the factors influencing the rail crossing potential and restrictive elements factors of the rail crossings as a matter of priority. Great emphasis is placed on the perspective ratios as a key safety factor. The heuristic procedure of the perspective ratios determination is presented within the proposals. Subsequently, there are analyzed the perspective ratios at the selected rail crossing with the light protection device and to assess whether these ratios are safe for the given crossing in the event of the light protection device failure. The rail crossing in the Czech Republic has been selected as a representative on railway line no. 196 from České Budějovice to Horní Dvořiště in the empirical part of the research. The rail crossing has been analyzed in terms of its characteristics and parameters and has been assessed as complying with legal regulations.

In the field of railway operation, it is essential to establish uniform conditions for interconnectivity requirements and compatibility of equipment in the Pan-European railway area to ensure effective interoperability. It also includes, for example, the introduction of a control system with modern and advanced interlocking systems (safety devices). The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a single European train protection system that will increase safety in rail transport. Nevertheless, this system may have an impact on the throughput on those railway lines where it is applied. The main research objective is to determine the impacts and effects of the configuration of track signaling equipment on the operational management of traffic and especially on the creation of a traffic plan. The optimization of transport processes on the railway infrastructure means creating the conditions for achieving higher throughput performance, especially including a higher number of train paths into the train traffic diagram. This paper examines and compares the impacts of ETCS and its levels (in particular ETCS L3) on the practical throughput of the selected national infrastructure manager. A heuristic procedure is used with the application of the analytical methodology of the Railways of the Slovak Republic (ŽSR), which uses the principles of mathematical statistics and probability. Significant comparative indicators are occupancy times and the degree of utilization of practical throughput. These are used in investment decisions in the modernization of line sections to achieve interoperability of the railway system.

This contribution in a cross section way focused on the analytical determination of practical capacity of main tracks and the issue of the required capacity in the context of the comparison of national methodology used by the ŽSR and the recommended international UIC methodology. Methodology for the calculation of permeable performance within the national conditions is stipulated by ŽSR´s regulation – D24, the methodology within the international conditions for members of the UIC railway union is recommended by UIC Code 406. Both of presented methodologies have their pros and cons, which are consistently derived from this text.

Ecological and sustainable modes of transport should be the main modes of transport of goods. Promotion of railway freight transport is a key element of the EU policy. It is important to have an appropriate transport infrastructure to ensure sustainable competitive railway transport. It is able to ensure the most flexible mobility of the goods with the most advantageous parameters. This article analyses the current status as well the level of achievement of the objectives set by the European Commission. The article also deals with the established nine corridors for international railway freight transport. The aim is to introduce different measures that should help increase the efficiency and competitiveness of railway freight transport in the European countries under CIM transportation mode. When designing new corridors, it is necessary to analyse and optimize the current railway network. Optimization solutions are used to analyse the network analysis methods. In particular, the critical path method (CPM) and the critical chain method (CCM) are used.

Periodická linková doprava predstavuje integrovaný taktový cestovný poriadok, kde je okrem pravidelne sa opakujúcej líniovej formy sledovaná aj sieťová previazanosť. Dôležitým faktorom je minimalizácia prestupných časov vo vybraných miestach - dopravných uzloch. Cieľom je minimalizácia celkového prepravného času cestujúceho z miesta A do miesta B. Základným stavebným kameňom dopravných služieb je poskytovať cestovné príležitosti vytvorením väzieb a spojení. Často sa po zavedení nového cestovného poriadku, v rámci diskusie, hodnotí kvalita cestovného poriadku subjektívnym spôsobom. Autori riešia niektoré najproblematickejšie prvky na zlepšenie kvality železničnej osobnej dopravy. V súčasnej dobe neexistuje žiadna metodika pre posudzovanie cestovných poriadkov z dopravného hľadiska ako celku. Hodnotia sa konkrétne vlaky a spojenia iba v staniciach, nie však kvalita spojenia z bodu A do bodu B. Cieľom tohto článku je predstaviť novú metodiku pre posudzovanie cestovného poriadku, pokiaľ ide o osobnú dopravu a týkajúce sa prestupy a prepojenia. Z pohľadu cestujúceho je nutné posúdiť dostupnosť cestovných príležitostí medzi vybranými bodmi na železničnej sieti. Ponuka cestovných spojení z A do B je v zásade ovplyvnená časom jazdy, počtom prestupov (zmena dopravného prostriedku) a počtom cestovných možností. Na možnosti prestupov a prepojenia má vplyv niekoľko faktorov. To je výsledok nastavenia návrhu kritérií pre vyhodnotenie spojení. Predostretá štúdia je navrhnutá v gescii zostavenia nástrojov na objektívne hodnotenie kvality spojenia verejnej osobnej dopravy. Konkrétne sa jedná o aspekty dostupnosti a času dopravných služieb vo vybraných zemepisných oblastiach v reciprocite s normou EN 13816.

Cieľom príspevku je načrtnúť novú metodiku pre hodnotenie GVD v osobnej preprave z hľadiska prípojovosti a spojenia. Z pohľadu cestujúceho je potrebné hodnotiť dostupnosť príležitostí cestovať medzi vybranými miestami na sieti železníc. Ponuku prepravy z miesta A do miesta B v zásade ovplyvňuje čas prepravy, počet prestupov, počet cestovných príležitostí. Na prípoje a na spojenie má teda vplyv viacero faktorov. To je východiskom pri vypracovaní návrhu súboru hodnotiacich kritérií hodnotenia prípojovosti

An article is focused on a benefit of urban traction units with tilting system particularly in regional transport, to reduce travel times and increase the competitiveness of railway transport. The paper describes the importance of their utilization in such traffic especially if the state of infrastructure is unable to provide options of higher efficiency for railway undertakings and the investments for line optimization are not available, so undertakings cannot be more efficient in use of classical vehicles of conventional design. However, this does not mean that the state of the infrastructure cannot offer the possibility of using tilting system.

Poskytovanie železničnej infraštruktúry je predpokladom pre dosiahnutie kvalitnej verejnej dopravy, nielen v národnom meradle, ale aj v regionálnom zmysle. Na základe znalosti prepravnej kapacity je možné určiť kapacitu železničnej infraštruktúry a časové intervaly. V ďalšom kroku je možné preskúmať priepustnosť infraštruktúry na úseku Zvolen - Banská Bystrica a zvoliť opatrenia pre zvýšenie kapacity.

The article suggests a system dynamics model for estimating the demand for public transport. Traditional scientific and technical transport modeling approaches involve coherent systems, meticulously considering other impactful variables for transport modeling. The vastness of the variables and their combinations hinder us from grasping all possible system interactions. This research aims at proposing a model that comprises decisive factors in relation to the supply and demand in various modes of transport, designing likely scenarios of the transport system development in a specific transport territory. The model uses system dynamics tools to explore the interaction between individual system elements and transport subsystems. A wise choice of crucial system elements, well-adjusted relationships and behavior settings, as well as system dynamics tools, allow for a considerable simplification of an otherwise complex system. The article works with a principle of stock and flow diagrams for forecasting supply and demand in public transport. We take into consideration the implementation of a ‘demand index’ in public and car passenger transport with a subsequent comparison. This innovative approach monitors the development of a regional or municipal transport system while assessing its sustainability. Suggested demand indexes may serve as indicators for a sustainable municipal system. The suggested model reflects data from the South Bohemian region in the Czech Republic and may involve other elements and indicators of a sustainable transport system.

Increasing transport volumes on Europe's inland waterways is a major reason for improving the quality and reliability of internationally important waterways. Continued navigation restrictions due to restricted draft (draught) led to the search for new design solutions. Such solutions enable navigation even under critical navigation conditions. Restricted draft is one of the most important limitations that hinder navigation, especially in the summer. The main objective of the construction of an inland vessel is to obtain a shape that will achieve optimum performance with as little resistance as possible. A shape that will be able to navigate at a limited depth. Presently, there is no clearly defined methodology as a procedure for optimising the hull. When solving theoretical problems of shipbuilding character and ship calculations, it is necessary to consider the basic theory of the ship with special regard to the latest methodological procedures of related scientific disciplines. This paper presents a methodology that considers all the basic aspects of optimisation tasks in ship design and construction.

The health style of the population has deteriorated in the last 10 years, given the possibilities offered by an increasingly advanced civilization. The paper attempts to find the answer to the question whether the development of motorization has an effecton civilization diseases. To this end, the paper began with an analysis of the registered number of means of transport in Poland and an analysis of the number of cases of malignant and respiratory tract cancers. Then, the focus was on the analysis of exhaust toxicity, discussing its definition and determining the limit values for exhaust toxicity occurring in the means of transport. In the next section,thepaper was carried out on the toxicity of exhaust gases of lorries and passenger cars affecting human health. Finally, the paper ends by summarizing the results and drawing the appropriate conclusions.

The periodic line transport expresses an integrated periodic timetable, which is also a periodical liner form of surveillance and network interconnection. An important factor is to reduce the interchange times in selected areas, or transport hubs. The aim is to minimise the total transit time of a passenger from point A to point B. The cornerstone of transport services is to provide travel opportunities by creating links and connections. Often, after the introduction of the new timetable and a discussion of whether it is better or worse, each approach is evaluated in a subjective manner. The authors solved some problems of rail passenger quality services. At present, there is no methodology for assessing train timetables from the transportation point of view as a whole. We evaluate specific trains and connections in the stations only, but not the quality of the connection from point A to point B.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of distributed propulsion systems used on inland and coastal navigation in shallow water. Five layouts were assessed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The hull/propulsion layout cases have been analyzed for discrete flow speed values in the range 0–6 m/s. All cases have been examined under restricted draft conditions in shallow water with a minimum of 0.3 m under keel clearance (UKC) and under unrestricted draft conditions in deep water. The results show that distributed propulsion consisting of 6 or 8 (in some cases, even more) units produces noticeable higher thrust effects in shallow water than the traditional layout. Under restricted conditions, the thrust increase between two distributed layouts with different numbers of propulsors is higher, in contrast to deep water, where differences in performance are not so significant.