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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Sociedade de Ciencias Agrarias de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iphigenia brasiliensis é uma espécie de bivalve comestível, fonte de subsistência de muitas comunidades no litoral baiano, porém pouco comercializado na região Nordeste brasileira. Alteração das características morfológicas de suas conchas e da relação peso de sua carne para o volume de sua concha, dentre outros parâmetros, podem refletir a qualidade do ambiente onde vivem. Neste estudo associou-se o crescimento populacional, a biometria e a variação conquiliológica de I. brasiliensis, às condições ambientais, em um estuário baiano, entre novembro de 2001 e novembro de 2002. Mensalmente, a salinidade, temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, pluviosidade e os organismos foram amostrados, submetidos às variáveis biométricas, fator de condição e analisados por estatística descritiva. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o comprimento médio dos indivíduos (n = 356) foi de 50,2 mm, com peso total médio de 21,45 g, peso úmido das partes moles médio de 5,12 g, peso das conchas com média anual de 13,54 g e rendimento médio das partes moles de 25,46%. O coeficiente de determinação apresentou mais de 95%. O crescimento da população de I. brasiliensis foi alométrico positivo para a relação peso total x tamanho, e crescimento isométrico para a relação peso das partes moles x tamanho. A variação mensal do fator de condição demonstrou os maiores valores em julho de 2002, concordando com o resultado do rendimento das partes moles. Assim, observa-se a importância de pesquisas básicas sobre a biologia de diferentes populações de bivalves, como subsídio ao cultivo destas espécies e ao aprimoramento do processo de exploração dos bancos naturais.

The purpose of this work is the analysis of spatio-temporal variation in land use and land cover of an estuary area in north-central coast of the state of Santa Catarina, reconstructing the changes in landscape dynamics in a 75-year period (1938 to 2013), and calculate the variations of the index of land use and land cover (IUO) and vegetation cover index (ICV). For digital classification of cover and land use a visual classification was done in a GIS environment. The results indicated that in the 30's, 50's and 70's occurred the greatest transformations in the study area, being that the variation of IUO pointed a growth of disturbed areas and the ICV showed a reduction in vegetated areas. Studies of this nature are important tools for decision-making of municipal managers in search of a more harmonious growth of cities, aligning the needs of residents for housing and utilities with natural remnants, which have equal importance for the quality of life.

Studying selected floristic changes in dry forests is fundamental to foster conservation and sustainability strategies. Objective: to analyze the occurrence of woody species in a tropical forest with a history of use. In 2008, 40 permanent plots were installed and wood with a circumference of 1.30 m at a breast height (CAP) ≥ 6 cm were measured. In 2012, newly established individuals (those that did not meet the size requirements in 2008 but did in 2012) and mortality of the remaining individuals were analyzed by computer. Where applicable, the density, frequency, and absolute dominance, importance value, newly established individuals, mortality, and gross growth for each species, along with the Shannon index were estimated. The floristic composition and diversity remain unchanged. After four years, there were few differences between species, while in most cases the growth in the basal area was positive and sometimes the number of newly established individuals exceeded the mortality. After 24 years of logging, the analyzed forest area did not reach its initial basal area stock when compared to other areas of the Caatinga that do not have a history of disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo tem o propósito de analisar o uso de diferentes modelos mensais do geopotencial, provenientes da missão GRACE e disponibilizados através do ICGEM (International Centre for Global Earth Models), na avaliação da variação temporal da componente vertical (coordenada altitude) em estações pertencentes à Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo dos Sistemas GNSS (RBMC). A pesquisa visa analisar a variação temporal das altitudes elipsoidais (componente geométrica) num conjunto de estações pertencentes a RBMC, e relacionar com a variação temporal das altitudes ortométricas (componente com significado físico). Os materiais para o cumprimento deste estudo compreendem séries temporais de coordenadas geodésicas de 18 estações da RBMC, no intervalo de tempo entre janeiro de 2012 a julho de 2015 e modelos mensais do geopotencial da missão GRACE provenientes de três centros de processamento: o Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), o GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) e o Center for Space Research (CSR). Dos modelos mensais do geopotencial são obtidos, para cada estação ao longo do tempo, os valores da funcional altitude geoidal, e a partir destes são calculadas as altitudes ortométricas. A metodologia empregada envolve a determinação da reta de tendência das séries temporais de altitudes bem como a comparação das taxas de variação anual das altitudes elipsoidais e das altitudes ortométricas. Também foi feita a determinação da correlação entre as séries temporais de altitudes elipsoidais, altitudes ortométricas e altitudes geoidais. Os modelos utilizados foram desenvolvidos até os graus 60, 90 e 96. As taxas de variação da altitude ortométrica, obtida a partir da altitude geoidal derivada do modelo JPL RL05 desenvolvido até grau 60 e do modelo JPL RL05 desenvolvido até grau 90, são mais similares às taxas de variação da altitude elipsoidal, do que as taxas geradas a partir dos outros modelos desenvolvidos até os mesmos graus. Do total de estações empregadas na pesquisa e considerando o modelo JPL desenvolvido até grau 60 e grau 90, respectivamente, 38,9% e 33,3% apresentaram taxas iguais de variação de altitude ortométrica e elipsoidal. Com relação às correlações entre as altitudes elipsoidais e ortométricas, observa-se que as séries temporais de altitude ortométrica geradas a partir dos modelos mensais do geopotencial desenvolvidos até grau 60 tiveram maior correlação com os dados das altitudes elipsoidais, do que as altitudes geradas com os modelos desenvolvidos em graus maiores, o que indica uma melhor correspondência entre as variações temporais da altitude elipsoidal e modelos mensais do geopotencial desenvolvidos até grau 60.

ABSTRACTThe objective is to study the dynamics of photosynthetic radiation reaching the soil surface in stands of Acacia mearnsii De Wild and its influence on height growth in stands. This fact gives rise to the formulation of the following hypothesis for this study: "The reduction of the incidence of light inside the stand of black wattle will cause the inflection point in its height growth when this reaches 4 to 5 m in height, i.e. when the stand is between 2 and 3 years of age". The study was conducted in stands in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where diameters at breast height, total height and photosynthetically active radiation available at ground level were measured. The frequency tended to be more intense when the age of the stands increases. It was evident that a reduction of light incidence inside the forest occurred, caused by canopy closure. Consequently, closed canopy propitiated the competition of plants. This has affected the conditions for growth in diameter and height of this species, reason why it becomes possible to conceive the occurrence of an inflection point in the growth of these two variables, confirming the formulated hypothesis.

One of the main goals of monitoring cyanobacteria blooms in aquatic environments is to reveal the relationship between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental variables. Studies typically correlate data that were simultaneously sampled. However, samplings occur sparsely over time and may not reveal the short-term responses of cyanobacterial abundance to environmental changes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stronger cyanobacteria x environment relationships in monitoring are found when the temporal variability of sampling points is incorporated in the statistical analyses. To this end, we investigated relationships between cyanobacteria and seven environmental variables that were sampled twice yearly for three years across 11 reservoirs, and data from an intensive monitoring in one of these reservoirs. Poor correlations were obtained when correlating data simultaneously sampled. In fact, the 'highly recurrent' role of phosphorus in cyanobacteria blooms is not properly observed in all sampling periods. On the other hand, the strongest correlation values for the total phosphorus x cyanobacteria relationship were observed when we used the variation of sampling points. We have also shown that environment variables better explain cyanobacteria when a time lag is considered. We conclude that, in cyanobacteria monitoring, the best approach to reveal determinants of cyanobacteria blooms is to consider environmental variability.

AbstractThis study analyzed the temporal variability of phytoplankton assemblages in the surface waters of Guanabara Bay (RJ, Brazil), at six stations in front of Icaraí Inlet from April/2011 to April/2012. Our results highlight the great contribution of diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria, represented by 111 taxa typical of estuarine and coastal areas. The coexistence of benthic and planktonic species suggests considerable hydrodinamism in these waters. All variables were homogeneous (p > 0.05) between the stations, but differed between sampling periods. On average, phytoplankton abundance (107 cells.L-1) was higher than that of other estuaries and its temporal behavior was closely correlated (p < 0.01) with diatoms and cyanobacteria. The richness distribution pattern (7 to 27 taxa) was closely correlated (p < 0.01) with dinoflagellates and diatoms. Ninety per cent of all samples presented a low diversity index (< 2.0 bits.cell-1), which indicated the unstable balance of the system, typical of environments subjected to eutrophication. The population structure analysis revealed that 10% of all taxa were resident, 12% visitors and 78% accidental, suggesting the influence of continental and oceanic water influxes. Between the "typical" taxa, the most common were the cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales, the diatoms Ceratoneis closterium (=Cylindrotheca closterium) and Leptocylindrus minimus and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum triestinum.

Copyright of Geosul is the property of Geosul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aquatic metabolism comprises production and mineralization of organic matter through biological processes, such as primary production and respiration that can be estimated by gases concentration in the water column. AIM: The study aimed to assess the temporal variability of pCO2 and pO2 in the littoral zone of a subtropical coastal lake. Our hypotheses are i) high variability in meteorological conditions, such as temperature and light, drive the high variability in pCO2 and pO2, and ii) the lake is permanently heterotrophic due to the low phosphorus concentration. METHODS: We estimated pCO2 from pH-alkalinity method, and pO2 from dissolved oxygen concentration and water temperature measured in free-water during 24 hours in the autumn, winter, spring and summer. RESULTS: Our findings showed that limnological variables had low temporal variability, while the meteorological variables and pCO2 presented a high coefficient of variation, which is representative of each climatic season. In autumn and winter, it was recorded that the lake was supersaturated in CO2 relative to the atmosphere, while in spring and summer CO2 concentration was below the concentration found in the atmosphere. Over 24 hours, pCO2 also showed high variability, with autumn presenting higher concentration during the night when compared to daytime. Water temperature and chlorophyll a were negatively correlated with pCO2, while pO2 was positively correlated with wind and light. CONCLUSION: Agreeing with our first hypothesis, pCO2 showed an expressive temporal variation in a subtropical lake associated to the high variability in meteorological conditions. On the other hand, our second hypothesis was not confirmed, since Peri Lake exported CO2 to the atmosphere in some periods and in others, CO2 was removed from the atmosphere.

AIMS: The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of chironomids in subtropical streams and (ii) to investigate the importance of environmental predictors in the distribution of this group. METHODS: Samples were collected in four annual seasons between 2010 and 2011, in 10 streams located in an agricultural matrix in southern Brazil, using a Surber sampler. Organisms were identified to the genus level. Some environmental variables were analysed in the sampling sites of the Chironomidae. The variations in abundance and diversity were compared by Analysis of Variance, whereas the community composition was analysed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance. A Redundance Analysis was used to evaluate the effect of environmental variables on the chironomid community. RESULTS: 7,349 individuals were identified, belonging to three subfamilies (Chironominae, Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae) and 57 genera. The abundance and richness of the Chironomidae were similar between sites and seasons. However, the composition varied spatially and temporally (p < 0.001). Water temperature, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon:nitrogen ratio were variables that influenced the chironomid community. The genera Thienemanniela, Pentaneura, Paratanytarsus, Parapentaneura, Parametriocnemus, Hudsonimyia, Labrundinea and Larsia were present in summer, whereas Parakiefferiella, Paramerina, Metriocnemus were indicators for winter. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial distribution of chironomids was directly related to the environmental conditions of the sampling sites. The temporal variation in the community followed a pattern in relation to water temperature. The variables physical and chemical operate as environmental filters and thereby alter the chironomid community.

AIM: Investigate spatial and temporal variation in the aquatic macrophyte community in four urban reservoirs located in Curitiba metropolitan region, Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that aquatic macrophyte community differ among reservoirs with different degrees of eutrophication. METHODS: The reservoirs selected ranged from oligotrophic/mesotrophic to eutrophic. Sampling occurred in October 2011, January 2012 and June 2012. Twelve aquatic macrophytes stands were sampled at each reservoir. Species were identified and the relative abundance of aquatic macrophytes was estimated. Differences among reservoirs and over sampling periods were analyzed: i) through two‑way ANOVAs considering the stand extent (m) and the stand biodiversity - species richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener index and beta diversity (species variation along the aquatic macrophyte stand); and ii) through PERMANOVA considering species composition. Indicator species that were characteristic for each reservoir were also identified. RESULTS: The aquatic macrophyte stand extent varied among reservoirs and over sampling periods. Species richness showed only temporal variation. On the other hand, evenness and Shannon-Wiener index varied only among reservoirs. The beta diversity of macrophyte stands did not vary among reservoirs or over time, meaning that species variability among aquatic macrophyte stands was independent of the stand extent and reservoir eutrophication. Community composition depended on the reservoir and sampling period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support our initial expectation that reservoirs of different degrees of eutrophication have different aquatic macrophyte communities. As a consequence, each reservoir had particular indicator species. Therefore, monitoring and management efforts must be offered for each reservoir individually.

The objective of this study was the description of the composition, abundance and density in horizontal and vertical distribution of Pleuronectiformes larvae on the southeastern Brazilian continental shelf. The samples were collected with bongo nets and a Multi Plankton Sampler (MPS), both in summer and winter 2002. A total of 352 flatfishes larvae were collected in summer and 343 in winter, representing three families and a total of 13 taxa: Paralichthyidae (Citharichthys cornutus, C. spilopterus, Citharichthys sp., Cyclopsetta chittendeni, Syacium spp., Etropus spp. and Paralichthys spp.), Bothidae (Bothus ocellatus and Monolene antillarum) and Cynoglossidae (Symphurus trewavasae, S. jenynsi, S. plagusia and S. ginsburgi). The most abundant taxa were Etropus spp., Syacium spp. and Bothus ocellatus. Etropus spp. occurred mainly as far out as the 200 m isobath and Syacium spp. from 100 m. B. ocellatus was present mainly in the oceanic zone between Ubatuba and Rio de Janeiro as from the 200 m isobath. The greatest average densities of these species occurred in the strata from 0 to 20 m depth in summer and between 20 and 40 m in winter.

The zooplankton community presents stochastic temporal fluctuation and heterogeneous spatial variation determined by the relationships among the organisms and environmental conditions. We predicted that the temporal and spatial zooplankton distribution is heterogeneous and discrete, respectively, and that the daily variation of most abundant species is related to environmental conditions, specifically the availability of resources. Zooplankton samples were collected daily at three sampling stations in a lateral arm of the Rosana Reservoir (SP/PR). The zooplankton did not present significant differences in abundance and evenness among sampling stations, but the temporal variation of these attributes was significant. Abiotic variables and algal resource availability have significantly explained the daily variation of the most abundant species (p

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the population biology of Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in a shallow non-estuarine coastal area of southeastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken from October 2003 through October 2004, in two distinct areas at depths from 1 to 4 m. C. gracilicirrhus was generally among the most abundant fish species during the period. Its density was significantly higher in a single sampling month, May 2004, in the South area, which may be explained by its migratory behavior together with its preference for deeper areas. Such behavior may lead to bias in community estimates that use few or only seasonal samples. C. gracilicirrhus individuals ranged from 4.0 to 10.2 cm long, with a main mode from 7.5 to 9.0 cm and a significant decrease in mean size from June onward. The estimation of body growth parameters was compromised by this population feature. Similarly, the prey spectrum was difficult to determine because of the deteriorated condition of the stomach contents, although crustaceans were clearly the most important items ingested. Amphipoda was the only subgroup that could be identified more precisely, mainly by the construction of their tubes.

A Ochetina uniformis (Pascoe, 1881) (Coleoptera: Erirhinidae) populational survey was performed in the country of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, in a commercial flooded rice field, from June 2005 to July 2006. A stratified sampling was used, with 90 sampling units of 0.25 m x 0.25 m, recorded every other week at the time of sampling. The reduction of the population of O. uniformis was observed from July to January. There were some areas without insects, and areas with a high populational density; with species occurring aggregated. Adults of O. uniformis remain concentrated on the levees of the field, representing 44% of the total collected. The remaining population is distributed from the levees inwards, reaching values between 12.9 and 15.1%. There were no adults of O. uniformis outside the cultivated area. Desenvolveu-se um levantamento populacional de Ochetina uniformis (Pascoe, 1881) (Coleoptera: Erirhinidae) no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, em lavoura comercial de arroz irrigado, no período de junho de 2005 a julho de 2006. Foi utilizada a amostragem estratificada, com 90 unidades amostrais, de 0,25 m x 0,25 m, verificadas quinzenalmente, no momento da amostragem. A redução da população de O. uniformis foi encontrada de julho a janeiro. Foram verificadas áreas sem insetos e outras apresentaram alta densidade populacional com ocorrência agregada da espécie. Os adultos de O. uniformis permanecem concentrados junto as taipas da lavoura, representando 44% do total coletado. O restante da população encontra-se distribuído a partir da taipa da lavoura, para o seu interior, atingindo valores entre 12,9 e 15,1% do total. Não foi constatada a presença de adultos de O. uniformis no exterior da área cultivada.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to study the vertical variation in phytoplankton community in a subtropical coastal lake and to verify the temporal variation of this community following variation in temperature and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus. METHODS: Sampling of phytoplankton and abiotic variables were performed monthly from June/2009 to January/2011 at four depths from the central part of Peri Lake. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, correlation and canonical correspondence analysis. RESULTS: Vertical variation in the phytoplankton community and limnological data did not occur but temporal variation was found. The lake was limited by light and nutrients and this light limitation selected the Cyanobacteria species from Sn and S1 functional groups. Phytoplankton community was composed of five groups, with 31 freshwater taxa, in which Cyanobacteria was the most important with 87.7% of total density and Chlorophyta with 11.8%. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was dominant during almost the whole study period because when temperature and phosphorus increased and wind speed decreased Limnothrix sp. density was boosted. Different species of Cyanobacteria filamentous showed correlation with variables in different ways, indicating that some species can co-exist, each of them having distinct niches or can compete by the same resource. CONCLUSION: The phytoplankton presented periodicity driven by annual change in water temperature and nutrients availability. Peri Lake's features allow for the occurrence of a vertically homogeneous water column and the dominance of cyanobacterial functional groups adapted to low underwater light and nutrients deficiency

In the northern hemisphere, bird counts have been fundamental in gathering data to understand population trends. Due to the seasonality of the northern hemisphere, counts take place during two clearly defined moments in time: the breeding season (resident birds) and winter (after migration). Depending on location, Neotropical birds may breed at any time of year, may or may not migrate, and those patterns are not necessarily synchronous among species. Also in contrast to the northern hemisphere, population trends and the impact of rapid urbanization and deforestation are unknown and unmonitored. Throughout one year, we used point counts to better understand temporal patterns of bird species richness and relative abundance in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, to examine how to implement similar bird counts in tropical America. We counted birds twice each day on 10 point transects (20 points day‑1), separated by 200 m, with a 100 m limited detection radius in a semideciduous tropical forest. Both species richness and bird abundance were greater in the morning, but accumulation curves suggest that longer-duration afternoon counts would reach the same total species as in morning counts. Species richness and bird abundance did not vary seasonally and unique species were counted every month; relatively few species (20%) were present in all months. Most (84%) known forest species in the area were encountered. We suggest that point counts can work here as they do in the northern hemisphere. We recommend that transects include at least 20 points and that the simplest timing of bird counts would also be seasonal, using timing of migration of austral migrants (and six months later) to coordinate counts. We propose that bird counts in Brazil, and elsewhere in Latin America, would provide data to help understand population trends, but would require greater effort than in temperate latitudes due to greater species richness and different dynamics of reproduction and migration. With collaboration among ornithologists and coordinated bird surveys, we may develop a technique for the tropics that would yield information for population trends and conservation of birds, similar to counts in temperate latitudes.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to examine the benthic fauna in a marginal pond lateral to the Paranapanema River and to identify the main controlling factors of its distribution. Considering the small size of the lacustrine ecosystem, we expected that seasonal variations of the benthic community attributes are more important than spatial variations; METHODS: Two samplings, one in March and another in August, were carried out at nine sites in the pond. Sediment samples were obtained through a Van Veen grab for invertebrate sorting, granulometric analysis, and for quantification of organic matter in sediment. Other abiotic factors were measured, such as water transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, electric conductivity, temperature, and depth of sediment sampling sites. Regarding the comparative analysis at spatial scale, no significant variations in density of the benthic invertebrate community were found. RESULTS: In relation to the studied abiotic factors, only depth presented significant differences among sampling sites; All the measured environmental parameters presented significant differences among sampling months, except depth and the physical and chemical characteristics of the sediment. The abundance of Chaoboridae and Chironomidae was the unique attribute with a significant difference in comparing the two months. A higher abundance of taxa occurred in August, especially for Oligochaeta, Nematoda, Chaoboridae, and Chironomidae; CONCLUSIONS: Because of the low structural complexity of the studied pond, we concluded that the changes in benthic macroinvertebrate community attributes were mainly due to seasonal effects.OBJETIVO: O presente estudo tem por objetivo examinar a fauna bentônica em lagoa marginal ao rio Paranapanema e os principais fatores reguladores da sua distribuição. Devido ao pequeno tamanho do ambiente lacustre, procurou-se mostrar que as variações sazonais dos atributos da comunidade bentônica são mais importantes do que as variações espaciais; MÉTODOS: Duas coletas, uma em março e outra em agosto foram realizadas, em nove locais na lagoa. Amostras de sedimento foram obtidas com um pegador de Van Veen, para análise dos invertebrados, da granulometria e da quantidade de matéria orgânica do sedimento. Outros fatores abióticos foram medidos, como a transparência, o oxigênio dissolvido, o pH, a condutividade elétrica, a temperatura da água e a profundidade do local de amostragem do sedimento; RESULTADOS: Na análise comparativa no nível de escala espacial, não houve variações significativas na densidade da comunidade de invertebrados bentônicos. Com relação aos fatores abióticos estudados, apenas a profundidade apresentou diferença significativa entre os pontos de amostragem. Todos os parâmetros ambientais mensurados, exceto a profundidade e as características físico-químicas do sedimento, apresentaram diferença significativa entre os meses de estudo. A abundância dos táxons Chaoboridae e Chironomidae foi o único atributo a apresentar diferença significativa entre os meses. Chaoboridae foi dominante em março e Chironomidae mais abundante em agosto. Maior abundância de táxons ocorreu em agosto, com destaque para os grupos Oligochaeta, Nematoda, Chaoboridae e Chironomidae; CONCLUSÕES: Em função da baixa complexidade estrutural da lagoa estudada, concluiu-se que a comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos é alterada mais expressivamente em razão da sazonalidade, sofrendo menos influência de modificações espaciais.

Caulerpa scalpelliformis grows on rocky and sandy bottoms at different depths in Jacuacanga Cove, Ilha Grande Bay, where it can form dense patches. The invasive behavior of this and other species of Caulerpa is well documented in the literature. This study analyzed the variation of the vegetative development of C. scalpelliformis from Baleia Beach (23º01'63''S and 44º14'18''W) in Jacuacanga Cove, from June 2003 to September 2004, including plants from rocky and sandy substrates. Morphometric and dry weight data from the erect and prostrate portions were used. Plants were collected from 20 x 20 cm² plots (n=3), randomly positioned on the rocky boulders (≅1.5 m depth) and on contiguous sandy bottom (≅3.0 m depth). During the study period, C. scalpelliformis occurred on both substrates as a pseudo-perennial species, showing partial loss of the erect portions from winter to spring; the height and dry weight of the erect portions increased from summer to autumn on both substrates. The temporal variation of C. scalpelliformis vegetative development in Baleia Beach was similar to that described for the invasive C. racemosa and C. taxifolia from different geographical regions of the world.Caulerpa scalpelliformis cresce sobre substrato rochoso e arenoso a diferentes profundidades na Enseada de Jacuacanga, Baía da Ilha Grande, onde pode formar bancos densos. O comportamento invasor desta e de outras espécies de Caulerpa é bem documentado na literatura. Este estudo analisou a variação do desenvolvimento vegetativo de C. scalpelliformis da Praia da Baleia (23º01'63''S e 44º14'18''W), Enseada de Jacuacanga, de junho de 2003 a setembro de 2004, considerando plantas do substrato rochoso e do fundo de areia. Dados morfométricos e de peso seco das porções prostrada e ereta foram usados. Plantas foram coletadas em quadrados de 20 cm de lado (n=3), posicionados aleatoriamente sobre o substrato rochoso (profundidade ≅ 1,5 m) e sobre o substrato arenoso (profundidade ≅ 3,0 m). Durante o período de estudo, C. scalpelliformis ocorreu nos dois substratos como espécie pseudo-perene, mostrando perda parcial das porções eretas do talo do inverno para a primavera; altura e massa seca das porções eretas mostraram tendência de aumento do verão para o outono nos dois substratos. A variação temporal do desenvolvimento vegetativo de C. scalpelliformis na Praia da Baleia foi similar à descrita para C. racemosa e C. taxifolia, espécies invasoras em diferentes regiões do mundo.

The results obtained in the August and December 2003, August 2004 and January 2005 oceanographic campaigns in the northern region of the Todos os Santos Bay (lat. 12º44.5'S; long. 038º35.00'W) between the Madre de Deus and Maré islands are analyzed. Instruments of continuous and discrete samplings were used to measure hydrographic properties currents and tides. The water mass of the northern region of the bay is forced by semidiurnal and mesotides of form number 0.08 and the lunar component M2 height was estimated at 91cm. The time series of the surface currents indicated movements in the N/S direction, forced by the tide with maximum magnitudes of 0.73 m.s-1 on the December 2003 campaign. However, in August 2004 the currents were dominated by the wind stress forcing, with a maximum speed of 1.85 m.s-1 and SE direction. Near the bottom, the influence of the tide is not as evident, with a decrease in intensity due to internal and bottom friction, with a maximum velocity of 0.17 m.s-1. The thermal and haline structures were weakly horizontally, as well as vertically stratified, with extreme values varying in the intervals 23ºC (August, 2004) to 28ºC (December, 2003) and 31.0 psu (August, 2003) to 36.0 psu (December, 2003), respectively. Some conclusions may be drawn from these results: i) The signs of the dilution of the fresh water discharges of the Caípe, Mataripe and São Paulo rivers in the region under the influence of the RLAM were observed only during the winter periods, but in the summer the region was flooded by waters of oceanic origin and the salinities above 36.0 indicated TW mass intrusion; ii) The N-S circulation near the RLAM is strongly dominated by the tide, and the importance of the M2 component was unequivocal, however, the E-W component presented some tidal modulation away from abrupt bottom topographical changes, and iii) The residual series, calculated as the difference between the original and modeled, is about ¼ of the original and confirmed its semidiurnal character.Resultados obtidos em campanhas oceanográficas realizadas em agosto e dezembro de 2003, agosto de 2004 e janeiro de 2005 na região norte da Baía de Todos os Santos (lat. 12º44.5' S e long. 038º35.00' W) entre as ilhas Madre de Deus e Maré são analisadas. Instrumentos com amostragem discreta e contínua foram utilizados para medidas das propriedades hidrográficas, correntes e marés. A massa de água da região norte da baía é forçada por maré semidiurna e mesomaré com número de forma 0,08 e altura da componente M2 próxima a 0.91 m. A série temporal das correntes de superfície indicaram movimentos na direção N/S, com intensidades de até 0,73 m.s-1 em dezembro de 2003. Entretanto, em agosto de 2004 as correntes foram dominadas pela tensão de cisalhamento do vento atingindo intensidade máxima de 1,85 m.s-1 no sentido SE. Nas proximidades do fundo a influência da maré não foi muito evidente, com a intensidade decrescendo até cerca de 0.17 m.s-1 devido ao atrito interno e de fundo. Os campos de temperatura e de salinidade foram fracamente estratificados tanto vertical como horizontalmente, com valores extremos nos intervalos de 23ºC (agosto de 2004) a 28ºC (dezembro de 2003) e 31.0 ups (agosto de 2003) a 36.0 ups (dezembro de 2003), respectivamente. Desses resultados seguem as conclusões: i) A diluição gerada pela descarga de água doce dos rios Caípe, Mataripe e São Paulo na região sob influência da RLAM foram observadas somente nos períodos; inverno, e no verão a intrusão de águas de origem oceânica com salinidades maiores do que 36.0 indicaram a intrusão da massa de Água Tropical; ii) A circulação N-S próximo à RLAM foi dominada fortemente pela maré, sendo a importância da componente semidiurna M2 muito clara; entretanto, a circulação na direção E-W somente apresentou alguma modulação da maré longe das variações abruptas da topografia do fundo; iii) As diferenças da série residual da maré, calculadas pelas alturas da série original subtraídas das séries modeladas, foram, cerca de ¼ das originais, confirmando sua característica semidiurna.

In this study, chemometric method is employed to identify anthropogenic effects on the water quality in Sanya Bay, South China Sea, and its marine and natural characteristics. Principal component analysis has extracted the four latent factors, thus explaining 85.52% of the total variance. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis have identified three different patterns of water quality based on anthropogenic effects and marine characteristics: Cluster I located in the outer and middle parts of the bay, Cluster II close to downtown Sanya, Cluster III located in the Sanya River estuary. In terms of the temporal pattern, principal component analysis and cluster analysis have distinguished the dry season from November to the following April, and the rainy season from May to October. The temporal pattern is related to climate and natural characteristics. The similarity index between variables and scores of samples can further distinguish the contribution of the variables to the samples. Both the polluting sources external to the Sanya River and the water from the South China Sea exercise an important influence on the water quality in Sanya Bay. These results may be valuable for socioeconomic development and human health in the Sanya Bay area.No presente estudo foi realizada a identificação dos efeitos antropogênicos e das características naturais marinhas das águas da Baía de Sanya, situada ao sul do Mar da China, através de método quimiométrico. A análise de componentes principais (PCA) aplicada aos dados extraiu quatro eixos que explicaram 85,52% da variância total dos dados. Através das análises de Agrupamento e PCA foram identificados três padrões diferentes de qualidade das águas, baseados nos efeitos antropogênicos e nas características marinhas: Grupo I, localizado nas partes externa e mediana da baía; Grupo II, próximo do centro urbano de Sanya; Grupo III, localizado no estuário do Rio Sanya. Quanto ao padrão temporal, as referidas análises distinguiram uma estação seca, de novembro a abril, e uma estação chuvosa, de maio a outubro, relacionadas ao clima e características naturais. Foi visto que tanto a fonte poluidora externa, representada pelo Rio Sanya, quanto as águas do Mar do Sul da China influenciam a qualidade das águas da Baía de Sanya. Esses resultados podem ser relevantes quando considerados sob o ponto de vista do desenvolvimento socioeconômico e de saúde humana dessa região.

Bragança's socioeconomic situation is highly dependent on estuarine and marine biological resources that are influenced by tidal cycles and climatology. Field measurements (hydrological, hydrodynamic and microbiological variables) were taken in the most urbanized zone from Caeté estuary to characterise the quality of the local environment. During the dry period, the estuary was more eutrophic and presented the highest temperature (30.5 °C in Oct./06), salinity (17 psu in Feb./07), pH (8.24 in Feb./07) and fecal coliform (> 1000 MPN/100 ml in Dec./06 and Feb./07) values. The phytoplankton Cyclotella meneghiniana, Coscinodiscus centralis and other r-strategist species were observed. The lack of basic hydric canalization was responsible for the local contamination, especially during the dry period when more concentrated wastewater from the city was emitted into the estuary, showing the human influence on the reduction of local estuarine water quality. In Bragança, the fishery is considered one of the main economic activities so, this contamination is worrisome because a large part of the local economy depends on biological resources and, thus, the contamination could negatively affect the environmental health of this Amazon ecosystem.A situação socioeconômica de Bragança depende principalmente dos recursos biológicos estuarinos e marinhos, que são influenciados pelos ciclos de marés e climatologia. Coletas oceanográficas (com medidas de variáveis hidrológicas, hidro-dinâmicas e microbiológicas) foram realizadas na área mais urbanizada do estuário do Caeté, para caracterizar a qualidade das águas no setor estudado. Durante o período seco, o estuário foi mais eutrófico e apresentou os maiores valores de temperatura (30,5°C em Out./06), salinidade (17 psu em Fev./07), pH (8,24 em Fev./07) e coliformes fecais (>1000 MNP/ 100 ml em Dez./06 e Fev./07). As espécies fitoplanctô-nicas Cyclotella meneghiniana, Coscinodiscus centralis e outras espécies r-estrategistas também foram observadas. A falta de saneamento básico foi responsável pela contaminação local, especialmente durante o período seco, quando o esgoto foi lançado mais concentrado no estuário, mostrando a influência humana na redução da qualidade da água estuarina estudada. A pesca é considerada uma das principais atividades econômicas do município de Bragança e, portanto, esta contaminação poderá afetar negativamente a qualidade ambiental deste ecossistema amazônico.

O presente trabalho objetivou investigar as variações temporais na estrutura da comunidade dos copépodes do estuário do Taperaçu, Pará, Brasil. As medidas das variáveis físico-químicas e as amostragens de plâncton foram conduzidas durante os meses de janeiro a junho de 2006, em três estações fixas localizadas ao longo deste estuário. Os arrastos de plâncton foram realizados utilizando-se uma rede cônico-cilíndrica com 300 μm de abertura de malha. Considerando os parâmetros abióticos e bióticos, não foram observadas diferenças espaciais significativas (ANOVA, p > 0,05). Pseudodiaptomus marshi Wright S., 1936 (11,7 ± 14,3 a 20.909,7 ± 50.527,1 ind.m-3), Acartia lilljeborgii Giesbrecht, 1889 (0,1 ± 0,2 a 1.646,4 ± 1.237,3 ind.m-3), Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 (8,0 ± 11,2 a 4.604,2 ± 4.521,7 ind.m-3) e Paracalanus quasimodo Bowman, 1971 (1,1 ± 2,7 a 405,1 ± 424,4 ind.m-3) foram os táxons numericamente mais representativos, sendo as suas densidades correlacionadas de forma significativa apenas com a salinidade. Através da análise de Cluster, foi constatada a formação de um único grupo (fevereiro, março, abril e maio), com os meses de janeiro e junho ficando isolados, o que ocorreu devido às mudanças mensais no balanço das densidades entre as quatro principais espécies de copépodes, demonstrando, dessa forma, um processo de sucessão entre estas espécies.

The spatial and temporal variation of soil CO2 emission is influenced by several soil attributes related to CO2 production and its diffusion in the soil. However, few studies aiming to understand the effect of topography on the variability of CO2 emissions exist, especially for cropping areas of tropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal changes of soil CO2 emission and its relation to soil attributes in an area currently cropped with sugarcane under different relief forms and slope positions. Mean CO2 emissions in the studied period (seven months) varied between 0.23 and 0.71, 0.27 and 0.90, and 0.31 and 0.80 g m-2 h-1 of CO2 for concave (Conc), backslope (BackS) and footslope (FootS) positions, respectively. The temporal variability of CO2 emissions in each area was explained by an exponential relation between the CO2 emission and soil temperature and a linear relation between CO2 emission and soil water content. The Q10 values were 1.98 (± 0.34), 1.81 (± 0.49) and 1.71 (± 0.31) for Conc, BackS and FootS, respectively. Bulk density, macroporosity, penetration resistance, aggregation and oxidizable organic carbon content explain the changes in soil CO2 emission observed, especially when the Conc position was compared to BackS. The effect of relief form and topographic position on soil CO2 emission variation was dependent on the time of measurement.A variação temporal e espacial da emissão de CO2 solo-atmosfera é influenciada por inúmeros atributos do solo relacionados à produção de CO2 e à difusão do gás no solo. Ainda são escassos, entretanto, estudos visando compreender o efeito da topografia na variação da emissão deste gás, especialmente em áreas agrícolas da região tropical. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variação temporal e espacial da emissão de CO2 solo-atmosfera e sua relação com atributos do solo em área de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar sob diferentes formas de relevo e posições na encosta. A média da emissão de CO2 no período de sete meses de estudo variou entre 0,23 e 0,71; 0,27 e 0,90 e 0,31 e 0.80 g CO2 m-2 h- 1, nas posições côncava (Conc), encosta superior (BackS) e encosta inferior (FootS), respectivamente. A variação temporal da emissão em cada uma das áreas foi explicada por uma relação exponencial entre emissão de CO2 e temperatura do solo, e uma relação linear da emissão deste gás com a umidade do solo. O valor de Q10 foi 1,98 (± 0,34); 1,81 (± 0,49) e 1,71 (± 0,31) para Conc, BackS e FootS, respectivamente. Densidade do solo, macroporosidade, resistência do solo à penetração, agregação e conteúdo de carbono orgânico oxidável explicaram as variações observadas na emissão de CO2, especialmente quando se compara a posição côncava com a encosta superior. O efeito do relevo e da posição topográfica sobre a variação da emissão de CO2 do solo foi dependente da época de amostragem.

A pesquisa objetivou avaliar a variação espacial e temporal da comunidade de algas perifíticas em dois ambientes do baixo rio Doce: lagoa Juparanã e rio Pequeno. Foram realizadas coletas trimestrais (agosto/04 a maio/05) em duas estações amostrais, uma na lagoae outra no rio. Foram coletados pecíolos de Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth. Os atributos da comunidade analisados foram: riqueza de táxons, freqüência de ocorrência, densidade, abundância e dominância. Na lagoa Juparanã, foram registrados 86 táxons e a densidadevariou de 20.592 ind cm-2 (mai/05) a 88.712 ind. cm-2 (nov/04). No rio Pequeno, foram registrados 83 táxons e a densidade variou de 16.049 ind. cm-2 (fev/05) a 71.663 ind. cm-2 (ago/04). Em ambos os ambientes, as classes predominantes qualitativamente foramCyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae e Zygnemaphyceae, havendo domínio das formas filamentosas e unicelulares seguidas das coloniais. As classes Cyanophyceae e Bacillariophyceae foram mais representativas quantitativamente. Não houve variação espacial. Pluviosidade, temperatura da água, condutividade elétrica e transparência foram asvariáveis que mais oscilaram conforme a estação (seca ou chuvosa) e as que apresentaram maior número de correlações significativas com as variáveis biológicas, evidenciando heterogeneidade temporal.This research aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of the periphytic algae community within two environments of the lower Doce River: Juparanã Lagoon and Pequeno River. Samplings were carried out every three months from August 2004 to May 2005 at both sites. Natural substrata of Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth petioles were collected from the sites. The community was analyzed according to species richness, frequency of occurrence, density of organisms, abundance and dominancy. Eighty-six taxa were recorded in the lagoon,and the density of organisms varied from 20,595 ind. cm-2 (May/05) to 88,712 ind. cm-2 (Nov/04). Eighty-three taxa were recorded in the river, and the density of organisms varied from 16,049 ind cm-2 (Feb/05) to 71,663 ind. cm-2 (Aug/04). At both sites, the classes thatpredominated qualitatively were Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae, in which filamentous and unicellular forms dominated, followed by colonial forms. Quantitatively, the most representative classes were Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. A spatial variation was not observed. Precipitation, water temperature, electric conductivity and transparency were the variables that most oscillated according to seasonal variation (dry or rainy season). They alsopresented a greater number of significant correlations with the biological variables, showing evidence of temporal heterogeneity.

ABSTRACT Sponges are biogenic substrates that increase the available space on rocky shores and provide shelter for many groups of the benthic fauna, which can live both inside and on these sessile invertebrates. In order to assess the differences in temporal variation of endobiont and epibiont groups, samples of the red sponge Tedania ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) were obtained each month for one year. The density, richness and diversity of endobiont and epibiont groups were analyzed in relation to abiotic factors. The dry mass of the sponge was negatively correlated with the density of individuals in both groups and positively with the diversity of endobionts, while organic matter was positively correlated with the diversity of epibionts. Endobiont diversity was more highly correlated with intrinsic factors of the sponge, whereas the diversity of epibionts was more highly correlated with factors related to the surrounding environment.

Densities of mobile epifaunal assemblages associated with macrophytes are very variable during the day and the activity of visually-oriented predators is thought to have an important influence on this pattern. Here we compared densities of amphipods associated with a common brown alga, Sargassum stenophyllum (Phaeophyceae), at sites contrasting in water turbidity. We expected that diel variation of amphipods would occur in a shore with clear waters (Perequê), whereas no variation was expected in a shore with turbid waters (Lamberto). Amphipod density varied during the day at both shores, with no indication of a larger variation at Perequê. Most species showed two density peaks, one at night and the other in the afternoon. These peaks occurred close the times of high tide, suggesting that tidal rhythms could influence more amphipod densities than the activity of predators. Thus, more studies are necessary to understand factors that influence short-term variation of epifaunal assemblages.As densidades da epifauna móvel associada a macrófitas variam muito ao longo do dia, sendo a atividade de predadores visualmente orientados um dos principais fatores apontados para explicar este padrão. Neste estudo, comparamos as densidades de anfípodos associados a uma alga parda comum, Sargassum stenophyllum (Phaeophyceae), em praias contrastando em turbidez da água. Era esperada a ocorrência de variação ao longo do dia numa praia com águas claras (Perequê) e nenhuma variação na praia com águas turvas (Lamberto). A densidade de anfípodos variou ao longo do dia em ambas as praias, sem indicação de maior variação em Perequê. A maioria das espécies apresentou dois picos de densidade: um à noite e outro à tarde. Estes ocorreram próximos aos períodos de maré alta, sugerindo que o ritmo de maré poderia influenciar mais as densidades de anfípodos que a atividade de predadores. Assim, mais estudos são necessários para se compreender os fatores que influenciam a variação de curto prazo das comunidades epifaunais.

In this study we describe three new litter inhabiting species of Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 from nine urban forest remnants in the metropolitan region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil: M. forceps, M. mairyara and M. cavicelatus. In three of these remnants, we conduced a three year sampling using pitfall traps. Mesabolivar forceps sp. nov. was the most abundant pholcid (n=273 adults), always present in the samples, but with highest numbers in spring and summer. Mesabolivar mairyara sp. nov. was the second most abundant species (n=32), but the majority of individuals were collected in March 2001. Only three individuals of M. cavicelatus sp. nov. were collected.Neste trabalho são descritas três espécies novas de Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 coletadas na serapilheira de nove remanescentes florestais urbanos da região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo: M. forceps, M. mairyara e M. cavicelatus. Foram realizadas amostragens com armadilhas de solo, durante três anos, em três remanescentes urbanos da cidade de São Paulo, onde M. forceps sp. nov. foi a espécie mais abundante (n=273), apresentando maior abundância na primavera e verão, mas sempre presente nas coletas. Mesabolivar mairyara sp. nov. foi a segunda espécie mais abundante (n=32), com a maioria dos indivíduos coletados em março/2001. Foram coletados somente três indivíduos de M. cavicelatus sp. nov.

Buscando adequar a avaliação neuropsicológica à organização temporal do organismo humano, avaliou-se o desempenho em testes de memória em 12 pacientes pós Doença Vascular Cerebral e 12 indivíduos controle, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 45 a 65 anos. Foram aplicados dois testes de memória com estímulos visuais (figuras) e dois com estímulos verbais (palavras), em 3 dias consecutivos por semana, às 08:00, 10:00 e 12:00 h na primeira semana e às 14:00 e 16:00 h na seguinte. Os pacientes apresentaram menor número de acertos do que os indivíduos controle em todos os testes aplicados (pThis study intended to investigate the performance in memory tests in order to adequate the neuropsychological evaluation to the temporal order of the human organism. Twelve cerebral vascular accident patients and 12 controls, of both sexes and 45-65 years old were studied. Two memory tests with visual stimuli (pictures) and two with verbal stimuli (words) were applied three times a day (08:00, 10:00 and 12:00 h) during the first week and twice a day (14:00 and 16:00 h) in the second week, during three consecutive days in two consecutive weeks. The patients showed lower scores than control subjects in all applied tests (p

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Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Annual variation in the fish assemblage characteristics on a tidal flat was studied in coastal Paraná, in southern Brazil. Fish were collected between August 1998 and July 1999, during the diurnal high tide and diurnal and nocturnal low tide of the syzygial (full moon) and quadrature (waning moon) tides, to characterize temporal change in assemblage composition. A total of 64,265 fish in 133 species were collected. The average number of species and individuals, biomass, species richness, diversity (mass) and equitability varied significantly over time . The dissimilarity of the assemblage was greatest in August, September and October in contrast with the period from November to January, with the lowest dissimilarity. The combined action of water temperature, salinity and wind intensity had a great influence over the structure of the fish assemblage.Os peixes de uma planície de maré da praia Balneário de Pontal do Sul, Paraná, foram coletados, na preamar diurna e na baixa-mar diurna e noturna das marés de sizígia e de quadratura, visando caracterizar as mudanças temporais entre agosto de 1998 e julho de 1999. As coletas totalizaram 64.265 peixes de 133 espécies. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na captura média em número de espécies e de peixes, peso total e nos índices de riqueza, diversidade (H' peso) e eqüitatividade entre os meses de coleta. A dissimilaridade da ictiofauna foi maior entre os meses de agosto, setembro e outubro em comparação com o período de novembro a janeiro. A ação combinada da temperatura da água, salinidade e intensidade do vento, influenciaram mais sobre a estrutura da assembléia de peixes.

Current work in benthic ecology highlights the importance of the temporal component of ecological variation for distribution and abundance of organisms. However, this approach is limited by the difficulty in separating and measure the constituents of such variation. The present study aims to separate and identify the environmental and temporal components of ecological variation in the abundance of the benthic invertebrate community from the São Sebastião Channel, southeastern Brazil, by canonical correspondence analysis. The area is seasonally submitted to the intrusion of a cold and saline water mass, an important factor influencing benthic communities. The composition and abundance of the megafauna were investigated at five sites from November 1993 to August 1994. A total of 93 species were collected. Average density reached 187 individuals per catch with highest numbers in summer. A striking difference in species composition and abundance was observed in the catches through the year and the results suggested a different structure of the assemblages for each season. Four independent components of the species variation could be separated and identified: pure environmental, pure temporal, environmental with temporal structure and undetermined. The large amount of environmental variation is related to sandy bottoms and depth influence, whereas the time factor can be interpreted as both the seasonal intrusion of the South Atlantic Central Water and the biological cycles of some key-species.Os estudos atuais em ecologia bêntica apontam para a importância do componente temporal da variação ecológica na distribuição e abundância dos organismos. Entretanto, a abordagem temporal é limitada pela dificuldade na separação e quantificação dos constituintes dessa variação. O presente estudo visa separar e quantificar os componentes ambiental e temporal da variação ecológica na distribuição da megafauna bêntica no Canal de São Sebastião, sudeste brasileiro, através da análise de correspondência canônica. A área é submetida sazonalmente à intrusão de uma massa de água fria e salina, que influencia a distribuição e abundância das espécies. A composição e abundância do megabentos foi investigada em cinco locais dentro do Canal, no período compreendido entre novembro de 1993 e agosto de 1994. Foram obtidas 93 espécies, a densidade média foi de 187 indivíduos por arrasto e os valores máximos localizaram-se no verão. Observou-se uma notável diferença na composição e dominância específica durante o ano, e os resultados sugerem a existência de comunidades estruturadas diferentemente em cada época amostrada. Pôde-se separar e quantificar quatro componentes independentes da variação na abundância das espécies: ambiental puro, temporal puro, ambiental com estrutura temporal e indeterminado. Grande quantidade de variação ambiental está relacionada com a ocorrência de fundos arenosos e com o gradiente de profundidade, enquanto que o fator temporal pode ser interpretado como a intrusão sazonal da Água Central do Atlântico Sul aliada ao ciclo biológico de algumas espécies-chave do sistema.

Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Oceanography is the property of Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the temporal variation of phytoplankton in th middle course of Pindaré river. Water samples were collected in six different spots along the Pindaré river middle course during the peaks of rainy and dry seasons. The phytoplankton was sampled with a plankton net of a 20 μm mesh and Von Dorn bottle. The samples were preserved in formalin 4% and lugol respectively. The Pindaré River contains high biodiversity of plankton microalgae and it is represented by a total of 98 species distributed in six classes. The Bacillariophyceae class is the best represented whereas the Cyanophyceae class is the least diversified. The phytoplankton showed higher density values during rainy season and lower values during dry season. The diversity and equitability were high throughout the study period. The composition of the phytoplankton community suffered a clear seasonal variation, during the year of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A variação temporal da comunidade microbiana (bactérias, picofitoplâncton total e nanoheterótrofos) nas águas de Ubatuba (23°S 45°W) foi estudada durante um período de 7 dias (de 27/02 a 04/03/1988). As amostras foram obtidas na termoclina, duas vezes ao dia (na estôfa da maré baixa e da maré alta durante o período diurno. A densidade de nanoheterótrofos variou de 0,9 a 3,5 x 10³ cels m-1 apresentando valor médio de 2,3 x 10³ cels m-1. Picofitoplâncton total foi representado principalmente por cianobactérias cocóides e sua denside de variocões de 1,0 a 7,6 x 10(6) cels m-1. O número de bactérias variou de 1,0 a 2,7 x 10 cels m-l . A população bacteriana apresentou um padrão de oscilação defasado em relação a variação das concentrações de CI a. O intervalo de tempo entre os valores máximos de Cl a e as densidades máximas de bactéria foi de aproximadamente 24 horas. No início do período de estudo, a interrelação entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias-picofitoplâncton foi caracterizada por uma oscilação inversa, sugerindo uma interação predador- presa. A partir do dia 02 de março as 3 populações variaram quase que em fase. As influências das condições meteorológicas, do movimento das marés e da predação por microzooplâncton e metazoários são discutidas. A despeito dos vários fatores que podem afetar as interrelações entre nanoheterótrofos e bactérias- picofitoplâncton parece que o padrão observado não é errático e pode estar expressando uma intensa atividade predatória.An investigation on the temporal variation of the planktonic microbial community (bacteria, total picophytoplankton and nanoheterotrophs) was undertaken over 7 days period (from February 27 to March 4, 1988) in a coastal region of Ubatuba (23°8, 45°W). Samples were obtained at the thermocline twice daily (at high and low tides) during daylight time. Average density of nanoheterotrophs (Nh) was 2.3 x 10³ cells m-l, ranging from 0.9 to 3.5 x 10 cells mrl. Total picophytoplankton was represfnted mostly by chroococcoid cyanobacteria and varie2 from 1.0 tp 7.6 x 10(4) cells m-l. Bacterial numbers ranged from 1.0 to 2.7 x 10(6) cells m-l. The oscillation pattern displayed by the bacterial populations was out of phase in relation to Chl-a variation. The time interval between Chl-a peak and the bacterial one was approximately 24 hours. At the beginning of studied period, the interrelationship between nanoheterotrophs and bacteria-picophytoplankton was characterized bya coupled oscillation, suggesting a predator- prey Interaction. During the last three days (Marsh 2-4) the densities of three populations have fluctuated in phase. The influences of weather conditions, tIdal movements, and predation by microzooplankton and metazoans are discussed. Many factors can affect the relationships between nanoheterotrophs and bacterial-picophytoplankton, but the oscillation pattern observed in this report are not fortuitous and may indicate an intense predation activity of nanoheterotrophs on pico-organisms.

Copyright of Tropical Conservation Science is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study related to the analysis of daily variation of zooplankton abundance and evenness in the Rosana reservoir, Brazil, based on biotic and abiotic inferences. The procedure under study included the collection of Zooplankton sample daily at three sampling stations in a lateral arm of the Rosana Reservoir. The result revealed that the zooplankton did not present significant differences in abundance and evenness among sampling stations.

No sistema de plantio direto a cobertura vegetal do solo favorece a infiltração de água da chuva e/ou irrigação e diminui as perdas por evaporação, mantendo a umidade em valores mais elevados em períodos de estiagem, principalmente, na camada superficial. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido de maio de 1991 a maio de 1992, em área do Departamento de Solos, no Campus da UFSM. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de coberturas vegetais sobre a umidade da camada superficial do solo, para a cultura do milho cultivada em sistema de plantio direto. Os tratamentos constaram das espécies de inverno: chícharo (Lathyrus sativus), tremoço (Lupinus angustifolius), ervilhaca (vicia sativa), aveia preta (Avena strigosa) e pousio invernal, antecedendo a cultura do milho. A cobertura vegetal foi avaliada pelo método do ponto quadrado em intervalos regulares. A umidade gravimétrica do solo foi avaliada mensalmente, desde a implantação dos tratamentos até a colheita do milho. Houve variabilidade temporal da cobertura vegetal e umidade do solo. Os tratamentos que mais se destacaram na cobertura do solo foram aveia preta e chícharo, tendo esta reflexo direto no maior valor de umidade do solo. O tratamento em pousio invernal apresentou menor cobertura do solo e, conseqüentemente, menor umidade durante o período de agosto de 91 a maio de 92.

RESUMO Práticas de manejo do solo, como preparo e rotação de culturas, influenciam a estabilidade estrutural do mesmo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o efeito do sistema de plantio direto e manejo convencional, e teor de argila na distribuição do tamanho dos agregados e diâmetro médio geométrico medidos na semeadura na floração e na colheita da cultura do milho. O estudo foi conduzido em solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, em sistema de produção de aveia+ervilhaca/milho. Variação temporal dinâmica da estabilidade estrutural do solo foi observada nos dois sistemas de manejo e nos locais com diferentes teores de argila. No sistema de plantio direto o diâmetro médio geométrico foi de 2,1 a 3,8 vezes superior ao sistema de manejo convencional. Este resultado foi atribuído a proteção por resíduos orgânicos e a atividade microbiológica na decomposição da matéria orgânica, e a não mobilização do solo. Os resultados indicaram o efeito detrimental para a estrutura do solo que apenas um ano de cultivo com manejo convencional pode acarretar.

A pesquisa objetivou avaliar a variação espacial e temporal da comunidade de algas perifíticas em dois ambientes do baixo rio Doce: lagoa Juparanã e rio Pequeno. Foram realizadas coletas trimestrais (agosto/04 a maio/05) em duas estações amostrais, uma na lagoa e outra no rio. Foram coletados pecíolos de Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth. Os atributos da comunidade analisados foram: riqueza de táxons, freqüência de ocorrência, densidade, abundância e dominância. Na lagoa Juparanã, foram registrados 86 táxons e a densidade variou de 20.592 ind cm-2 (mai/05) a 88.712 ind cm-2 (nov/04). No rio Pequeno, foram registrados 83 táxons e a densidade variou de 16.049 ind cm-2 (fev/05) a 71.663 ind cm-2 (ago/04). Em ambos os ambientes, as classes predominantes qualitativamente foram Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae e Zygnemaphyceae, havendo domínio das formas filamentosas e unicelulares seguidas das coloniais. As classes Cyanophyceae e Bacillariophyceae foram mais representativas quantitativamente. Não houve variação espacial. Pluviosidade, temperatura da água, condutividade elétrica e transparência foram as variáveis que mais oscilaram conforme a estação (seca ou chuvosa) e as que apresentaram maior número de correlações significativas com as variáveis biológicas, evidenciando heterogeneidade temporal.