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Relevant für die Medienpädagogik ist Design, weil es über die Gestaltung von Medien und Prozessen Strukturen des Handelns und Denkens konfiguriert und hervorbringt. Insbesondere das Interaktionsdesign digitaler Technologien ruft bestimmte Nutzer:innen an, macht Identitätsangebote und offeriert Sinndeutungen und Gesellschaftsentwürfe. In dem Beitrag werden aus designhistorischer Perspektive die programmatischen Gesellschaftsentwürfe und pädagogischen Imaginationen von der Industrialisierung bis zur heutigen Zeit nachverfolgt. In der Industrialisierung wuchsen erste Ideen einer planerisch-materiellen Sequenzierung von Denken und Handeln, die sich dann unter anderem in Strömungen des Bauhauses als Ordnung von Lebenswelten weiterentwickelt. Später kamen mit kybernetischen Ansätzen die Steuerungsprogrammatiken von Verhalten und Gesellschaft durch Technologien hinzu und vermischten sich darauffolgend mit Individualisierungsbestrebungen, der Gestaltung von Erlebniswelten und der Idee, dass Computertechnologie das Denken unterstützen sollte. Die Affordanzen digitaler Technologien – also Sinnangebote und nahegelegte Gebrauchsweisen – spitzen sich in der Delegation der Ordnung und Steuerung sozial-kultureller Lebenswelten immer weiter zu und jene sollen sich qua Design unmerklich durch nutzerfreundliches Design in den Alltag einschmiegen. So werden in stiller Anwesenheit digitaler Technologien eingeschriebene Subjekt- und Gesellschaftsentwürfe unmerklich in der Praxis mithilfe von Technologien aktualisiert. Eine medienpädagogische Möglichkeit, darauf zu reagieren, wird in dem Beitrag mit dem kritischen Design formuliert. Diese zielt darauf ab, die den digitalen Technologien innewohnenden Affordanzen sichtbar und diskutierbar zu machen. Als medienpädagogische Analysemethode und Praxis ist das kritische Design eine Möglichkeit, gestalterisch-kreativ die in Technologien eingeschriebenen Werte und Gesellschafts- und Subjektentwürfe zu analysieren und darauf basierend, unterschiedliche Zukünfte anhand von fiktiven Design-Artefakten und Narrativen aufzuzeigen.

The open data movement represents a major advancement for informed water management. Data that are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable—or FAIR—are now prerequisite to responsible data stewardship. In contrast to FAIR, accessibility and usability case studies and guidelines designed around human access and understanding are lacking in the literature, especially for water resources. Such decision support guidelines are critical because (i) inherent visual design trade‐offs are not best made using intuition or feedback (perceived preference), and (ii) choosing designs requires a nuanced understanding of why and how the design works (revealed effectiveness). Thus, the goal of this commentary is to highlight knowledge gaps and discuss a general usability testing method which can be applied to any water resources decision support product. The user‐testing approach includes (i) interviews about visualization goals, audiences, and the uses and decisions made with the data products, (ii) diagnosis of usability challenges, and (iii) redesign of decision support products given best practices and control versus treatment with intended end‐user audiences. We illustrate the method using high‐profile U.S. Geological Survey water science products. In sum, optimizing and testing for usability and understandability are as central to stakeholder use as FAIR standards are, and warrant being part of the development of data products and geovisualizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper involves a process of building a website which uses web technologies for creating application. The primary task of the application involves development of User Interface(UI) with the help of technology known as REACTJS that makes the website user friendly and reactive. Storing data is a crucial task in developing any website and database technologies used for storing and accessing this data are SQL database provider known as JDBC which provides security, authentic user authorization, storing of large scale of visual and textual data. For a seamless user experience to the end user API METHODS are used to integrate the back-end technologies with front-end technologies. Finally, after the development of application the end users are able to search for various colleges and institution across INDIA to gain information related to colleges, their placement details, infrastructure provided by the colleges and various reviews posted by verified college authorities, student, parents and Guardian. After analysis and comparison of the Colleges the end user can make the best choice for their higher studies and better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When teaching at scale in the physical classroom or online classroom of a MOOC, the scarce resource of personal instructor communication becomes a differentiating factor between the quality of learning experience available in smaller classrooms. In this paper, through real-time predictive modeling of engagement analytics, we augment a MOOC platform with personalized communication affordances, allowing the instructional staff to direct communication to learners based on individual predictions of three engagement analytics. The three model analytics are the current probability of earning a certificate, of submitting enough materials to pass the class, and of leaving the class and not returning. We engineer an interactive analytics interface in edX which is populated with real-time predictive analytics from a backend API service. The instructor can target messages to, for example, all learners who are predicted to complete all materials but not pass the class. Our approach utilizes the state-of-the-art in recurrent neural network classification, evaluated on a MOOC dataset of 20 courses and deployed in one. We provide evaluation of these courses, comparing a manual feature engineering approach to an automatic feature learning approach using neural networks. Our provided code for the front-end and back-end allows any instructional team to add this personalized communication dashboard to their edX course granted they have access to the historical clickstream data from a previous offering of the course, their course’s daily provided log data, and an external machine to run the model service API.

In the present study, an online web tool (http://www.iaees.org/publications/software/netJa/netGen.htm) for generating user-interface interactive networks was presented. In the network, the user can mouse-press any of the nodes to drag the network, examine network topology, evaluate node centrality, etc. It can be freely used and run on popular web browsers as Chrome, etc.

Nowadays most of the day today services we receive are based upon computer systems. Services such as information searching or online shopping are considered among the most frequent online information systems’ services. Users assess and process the information they receive from information systems. The theory of mind information processing asserts that humans process and analyze the information they receive from their environment. This theory also deals with the perception and recognition. User-interface paves the way regarding using and reaching the goal for the ultimate users. If user-interface is designed properly, the way through which the user reaches his/her goal would be a logical one; otherwise the lack of solidarity would result in system misuse. In other words if the user-interface grabs the user’s attention, the interaction with the user would be successful. For studying the human-computer interaction a lot of methods have been proposed. Eye-tracking method is one of them. This method makes it possible to gather qualitative and quantitative data in this regard. Eyesight is very important regarding human perception, thus its data could be invaluable. The basis of this method is mind-eye theory which says eyes’movements could show the attention of a person regarding a picture or stimuli. This attention could report passion or problem. There are different types of eye movement, such as a fixation and saccade. Eye tracking delivers a voluminous data regarding users’ attention in the form of quick and unconscious processes. Analyzing the eye-movement data is hard and its data extraction is tedious. Moreover the test environment and users’ health are also of great importance in this regard. At last one must mention that eye movement data is invaluable for assessing the bottom-up cognition of the world and the top-down perception of mind.

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Electronic learning resources are popular with today's students. However, how students choose their favorite e‐learning resources is not well‐understood. The popular SecondLookTM histology self‐review tool was offered in three different interfaces to students participating in two histology courses (Cell and Developmental Biology [CDB] 450/550 and DENT 510). These interfaces included PowerPoint files, an online website, and a mobile application (app). Identical in content, each interface had specific advantages and disadvantages with respect to compatible devices, user features, and access limitations. Upon the conclusion of the courses, students were surveyed about their interface preference, reasons for their selection, and general usage of the SecondLookTM resource. With a 91.4% overall survey participation rate, only 3 out of 213 participating students never used the resource. Many students (46.3% CDB 450/550, 62.9% DENT 510) tried only one interface, with PowerPoint being the most popular final choice (56.5% CBD 450/550, 65.7% DENT 510). Although the interactive website and mobile app offered additional user‐friendly features, they only garnered between 16% and 24% final popularity. "Convenience," "larger screen," and "easy to use" were most often reported as reasons for students' interface preference. The accessibility of where and when the SecondLookTM resource can be used was also frequently cited. This availability encouraged some students to forgo other learning resources and to use the mobile app in distractive environments. The results of this study suggest that today's students are in fact less motivated to seek out high‐tech e‐learning resources than commonly believed and instead often select interfaces with which they are already familiar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides cause considerable loss of life and property; therefore, it is important to determine landslide susceptibility. The aim of this study is to produce a geographical information system (GIS)-based landslide susceptibility map (LSM) by the frequency ratio (FR) and weight-of-evidence (WOFE) methods for the selected study area (Şavşat city, Turkey), to calculate the accuracy of the produced LSM, and to perform all these operations fully automatically. User-interface programs were developed in a GIS environment. Slope, aspect, elevation, lithology, distance to fault, distance to river network, normalized difference vegetation index, land use/land cover, and rainfall parameters were included to produce the LSM. The area-under-curve value obtained in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the LSM produced by the FR method is 0.78 and that obtained in ROC analysis of the LSM produced by the WOFE method is 0.74. The LSM production process typically takes a long time. This study presents a different perspective on the production of LSM by developing a new method to automatically perform landslide susceptibility analysis. The method presented here, which includes user-interface programs, could be applied to any landslide area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Force sensor application in the field of consumer devices has garnered increasing attention in recent years, adding a new dimension of control capability to touch displays. We present a capacitive force-sensing (FSC) material which can be patterned to yield a slim matrix sensor 0.1mm thick or thinner. Basic characterization of materials and resulting devices are presented, showing that the technology can be specifically engineered to work with mainstream touch controllers. Through structural models we demonstrate the potential of FSC to enable multi-point force sensing capabilities on modern flexible display systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LIVIVO is the new interdisciplinary search portal for life sciences, developed by ZB MED – Leibniz Information Centre for Life Sciences. LIVIVO contains 45 quality proved data bases in the subject areas of medicine, health, and nutritional, environmental and agricultural sciences. Open access publications are as well integrated as research data. The intelligent search technology uses specialist ontologies from the life sciences for an easier research. Its user-friendly interface design is based on usability studies and user surveys. The article describes the development of new the search portal, shows some of its features and offers a glimpse into the future of LIVIVO.

This article focuses on how the development of human–computer interaction in music has been aided and influenced by both experimental/academic electroacoustic art music and popular electronic music. These two genres have impacted upon this ever-changing process of evolution in different ways, but have together been paramount to the establishment of interactivity in music as we understand it today; which is itself having wide-ranging implications upon the modern-day musical landscape as a whole—both in the way that we, as listeners and audience members, purchase and consume music as well as conceptualise and think about it. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We consider hybrid systems with LTI continuous dynamics under collaborative control, that is, for which some events and inputs are controlled solely by a human operator and other events and inputs are controlled by the automation. The user-interface is a device through which the output of the system can be observed, and inputs from the human can be initiated. We model the user as an observer with additional requirements beyond a standard (automated) observer. We state conditions for user-observability and user-predictability to evaluate whether a given user-interface provides the user with adequate information to complete a desired task. We apply these conditions to two examples in aircraft flight management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User-specific hybrid recommender systems aim at harnessing the power of multiple recommendation algorithms in a user-specific hybrid scenario. While research has previously focused on self-learning hybrid configurations, such systems are often too complex to take out of the lab and are seldom tested against real-world requirements. In this work, we describe a self-learning user-specific hybrid recommender system and assess its ability towards meeting a set of pre-defined requirements relevant to online recommendation scenarios: responsiveness, scalability, system transparency and user control. By integrating a client-server architectural design, the system was able to scale across multiple computing nodes in a very flexible way. A specific user-interface for a movie recommendation scenario is proposed to illustrate system transparency and user control possibilities, which integrate directly in the hybrid recommendation process. Finally, experiments were performed focusing both on weak and strong scaling scenarios on a high performance computing environment. Results showed performance to be limited only by the slowest integrated recommendation algorithm with very limited hybrid optimization overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the number of elderly people rises, relatives' care-taking responsibilities increase accordingly. This creates a need for developing new systems that enable relatives to keep track of aged family members. To develop new mobile services for elderly healthcare we tried to identify the most wanted features of a mobile user-interface from the perspective of relatives. Feature mapping was based on two online surveys: one administered to the relatives ( N = 32) and nurses ( N = 3) of senior citizens and the other to nursing students ( N = 18). Results of the surveys, confirmed by face-to-face interviews of the relatives ( N = 8), indicated that the most valued features of the mobile user-interface are Accident Reporting (e.g. falling), Alarms (e.g. fire-alarm), Doctor Visits and evaluation of the General Condition of the Senior. The averaged importance ratings of these features were 9.2, 9.0, 8.6 and 8.5, respectively (on a scale from 0 to 10). Other important considerations for the user-interface development are aspiration to simplicity and ease-of-use. We recommend that the results are taken into account, when designing and implementing mobile services for elderly healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicles are increasingly utilising technologies developed in non-automotive domains. In this respect, capacitive touchscreens are familiar to smartphone and tablet computer users enabling a wide range of single and multi-touch gestures, but have not been considered fully in a driving context. A simulator study was conducted aiming to understand the visual distraction of different touchscreens in vehicles. Twenty participants drove two routes whilst undertaking a range of secondary tasks using either a traditional resistive touchscreen or a capacitive touchscreen. Results indicated a range of benefits for capacitive touchscreens in this context. Objectively, participants took less time to complete tasks with the capacitive touchscreen when compared to the resistive touchscreen. In addition, they made less glances and spent less overall time glancing towards the in-vehicle display in this condition. Finally, there was evidence for reduced lane position variability with the capacitive touchscreen on specific tasks. Subjectively, drivers overwhelmingly preferred the capacitive touchscreen over the resistive touchscreen, rating it to be relatively higher in quality and easier to manipulate, especially while driving. The conclusions highlight the importance of optimising in-vehicle interfaces for use in the safety-critical driving situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head-up Displays (HUDs) aim to provide the driver with salient visual information that is readily available in their line of sight and can be accessed rapidly with minimal visual accommodation. However, concern has been raised about whether complex HUD information can cause attention capture reducing a driver's ability to rapidly and correctly detect critical road events (especially those in the periphery). An experiment was conducted in a fixed-based simulator to measure the effects of HUD information complexity on driver behaviour and performance. Eighteen experienced drivers were requested to follow a lead vehicle along a motorway and perform a range of secondary tasks using a HUD (e.g. what is the current vehicle speed). These tasks varied in complexity, based primarily on the number of HUD symbols to search through. In addition, participants were also asked to respond to Peripheral Detection Tasks (PDTs) using steering wheel controls. At times, these PDTs would occur simultaneously with HUD presentation. Results showed there was a significant increase in PDT response times and reduction in PDT response accuracy as the number of symbols on the HUDs increased. The clearest negative change arose when progressing from four to seven symbols on the HUD. Moreover, lane-keeping ability significantly deteriorated with increasing HUD complexity. Based on these results, it is recommended that HUDs should ideally have no more than four distinct symbols, but may include five or six symbols depending on other design factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of two studies investigating the human factors design issues for touchpad technology within vehicles. A prototype touchpad system was utilised in which drivers were able to enter characters (e.g. 'C' for climate) and gestures (e.g. a right to left line to represent backspace) to interact with climate, audio, navigation and vehicle settings functions. In study 1, an emphasis was placed on the research question: where should a touchpad be located within a vehicle? Sixteen participants (50:50 right/left handed) drove three routes along a motorway in a right-hand drive simulator while following a lead vehicle at a perceived safe distance. At specific points participants were asked to carry out three tasks of varying complexity using the touchpad (e.g. enter a phone number). For each route, the touchpad was positioned in one of three locations in the vehicle: in the centre console (to left of driver); in the door armrest (to right of driver); and in the steering wheel. Results showed clear differences in the performance and preferences of right-handed people versus left- handed people. Right-handed people preferred the door armrest location and made few glances towards this location while driving. In contrast, left-handed drivers were more positive towards the centre console location. The results for the steering wheel location were mixed. Whilst task times were relatively low for this location, drivers often made a considerable number of glances towards the touchpad within the steering wheel. Study 2 focussed on the question: which tasks are most appropriate for the use of touchpad technology? Eighteen participants drove three routes in the right-hand drive simulator whilst following a lead vehicle. At particular points drivers were requested to carry out tasks of varying complexities and qualities. For each of the routes, drivers carried out the tasks whilst using either: the prototype touchpad system; a touchscreen; or a rotary controller interface. Results indicated that participants were most negative (in terms of preferences) and performed least well (in terms of task time, visual demand and driving performance) with the rotary controller. The results for the touchpad versus the touchscreen interfaces were task dependent. For instance, with the touchpad, subjective opinions and performance were most positive for tasks in which simple commands enabled drivers to bypass the need for complex menu interactions (e.g. changing the interior temperature). In contrast, results for the touchscreen were evidently superior for simple menu selection tasks (e.g. selecting a preset radio station). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public business processes can be very complex. That makes it hard for citizens to understand these processes and for software companies to implement them into software tools. Changes of the process entail expensive effort in both teaching the citizens and adapting the software. For business processes several model-based approaches have been suggested to deal with high complexity, such as BPMN. However, modelling simplifies work of software developers rather than of citizens. We present an approach where an adequate user-interface with user-centric pertinent information is derived directly from the models. Our approach combines the advantages of having models for the software developers with the requirements of the users. The modelling technique we are using is Event-driven Process Chains (EPCs). EPCs are widely accepted in the commercial area and are comprehensively investigated in the academic area as well. Due to their graphical description they are easy to understand. EPCs are implemented in the ARIS toolset, which offers the possibility to attach attributes to the elements of the EPCs. This paper will demonstrate how these attributes are used to derive a user-interface, e.g. a relevant website or document, for each state or transition of the EPC. The tools used extract the values of the attributes and incorporate them into a web-based user-interface according to the EPC of the modelled business process. Execution of the model then is equivalent to running the user-interface. A change of the process requires a change of the model only, which is much easier to handle than changing the implementation of the user-interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper describes results of a usability study of contrasting user-interface designs for Internet Banking (eBanking). Two specific interface metaphors were compared in the first experiment, linear form filling and array editing interaction modes. Terminology in the interaction dialogue was compared in the second experiment, using typical banking language and a generic, plain language interface. This research aimed to perform usability evaluation and comparison of the alternative interface designs to illuminate the development of new eBanking services. This research involved sixty-one participants (Internet users and customers of the involved Bank) exploring the designs in controlled experiments involving hands-on experience. Banks are interested in ensuring their eBanking services are highly customer-centric and that the interface matches customer expectations in order to drive customers towards this lower cost channel. The results of the first experiment (, where N indicates the number of participants in the cohort) concluded that the simple form-filling metaphor, taken from the traditional paper-based procedure, was generally more usable than a Spreadsheet metaphor. In the second experiment (), it was found that although banking terminology was not completely understood across the cohort, the instructional language changes did not impact significantly on usability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Developing countries are endeavoring to advance into the 21st century information age. Their progress, however, is hamstrung by the dire lack of trained, skilled and knowledgeable IS workers who are able to interact with online and off-line information sources. These countries can tap from the rich intellectual capital lying dormant within the ranks of disabled people to boost the pool of IS workers in their societies. However, before developing countries can draw on the information systems capabilities of disabled workers, these workers themselves must be able to function at par with their able-bodied counterparts as information workers. This presupposes the availability of special-purpose information systems devices and approaches developed for disabled users. In this paper, therefore, we examine several issues that are pertinent to IS and disabled people in developing countries, and propose an integrated infrastructure to enhance the interaction of disabled people with on-line information sources. The study includes issues related to the suitability of different interaction methodologies and technologies for people with disabilities. Additionally, we propose the design of customized interfaces that can be used by disabled people to develop Web-based database applications and to access and query on-line databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to describe a novel approach to the analysis of data obtained from card-sorting experiments. These experiments were performed as a part of the initial phase of a project, called NEONATE. One of the aims of the project is to develop decision support tools for the neonatal intensive care environment. Physical card-sorts were performed using clinical “action” and patient “descriptor” words. Thirty-two staff (eight junior nurses, eight senior nurses, eight junior doctors, and eight senior doctors) participated in the actions card-sorts and the same number of staff participated in separate descriptors card-sorting experiments. To check for consistency, the card-sorts were replicated for nurses during the action card-sorts. The card-sort data were analysed using hierarchical cluster analysis to produce tree-diagrams or dendrograms. Differences were shown in the way various classes of staff with different levels of experience mentally map clinical concepts. Clinical actions were grouped more loosely by nurses and by those with less experience, with a polarisation between senior doctors and junior nurses. Descriptors were classed more definitively and similarly by nurses and senior doctors but in a less structured way and quite differently by junior doctors. This paper presents a summary of the differences in the card-sort data for the various staff categories. It is shown that concepts are used differently by various staff groups in a neonatal unit and that this may diminish the effectiveness of computerised decision aids unless it is explored during their development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents an investigation of interactive-adaptive techniques for nonlinear finite element structural analysis. In particular, effective methods leading to reliable automated, finite element solutions of nonlinear shell problems are of primary interest here. This includes automated adaptive nonlinear solution procedures based on error estimation and adaptive step length control, reliable finite elements that account for finite deformations and finite rotations, three-dimensional finite element modeling, and an easy-to-use, easy-to-learn graphical user interface with three-dimensional graphics. A computational environment, which interactively couples a comprehensive geometric modeler, an automatic three-dimensional mesh generator and an advanced nonlinear finite element analysis program with real-time computer graphics and animation tools, is presented. Three examples illustrate the merit and potential of the approaches adopted here and confirm the feasibility of developing fully automated computer aided engineering environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A software development is presented to support NIR modelling of fruit quality. • Push button spectral pre-processing and basic chemometrics are integrated. • Covariate selection algorithm is implemented for efficient variable selection. • Batch effects can be corrected with dynamic orthogonal projection. • Transfer component analysis can reduce batch effects without new measurements. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is widely used for non-destructive prediction of fruit traits. Common traits such as dry matter (DM) and soluble solids contents (SSC) can be predicted with reliable accuracy. However, the main problem with NIR spectroscopy is that a model developed on one batch may not perform very well when tested on other batches. Reasons for that are the physical, chemical and environmental differences between the experiments performed in different batches. To deal with these issues, approaches such as variables selection, dynamic orthogonal projection (DOP) and transfer component analysis (TCA) can be used. However, the techniques are known but it is rarely possible for a new user or non-specialist to implement them in the practical situations. To overcome this limitation, for the first time, a graphical user interface-based toolbox (FRUITNIR-GUI) for basic chemometric data processing (regression and variable selection) is developed and presented. The GUI allows performing model adaption and maintenance in the context of multi-batch NIR spectroscopic experiments related to fruit. Furthermore, a case-study demonstrating its effectiveness in correcting for seasonality when predicting DM in apples is presented. The toolbox provides a push-button approach to build chemometric models of varying complexity for the characterization of fruit quality. Moreover, approaches such as variable selection and batch correction with DOP and TCA can improve the model performances on new batches. FRUITNIR-GUI can be freely downloaded at https://github.com/puneetmishra2/FRUITNIR and run using the password "welovenirs" (without quotation marks). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-vision users struggle to browse the web with screen magnifiers. Firstly, magnifiers occlude significant portions of the webpage, thereby making it cumbersome to get the webpage overview and quickly locate the desired content. Further, magnification causes loss of spatial locality and visual cues that commonly define semantic relationships in the page; reconstructing semantic relationships exclusively from narrow views dramatically increases the cognitive burden on the users. Secondly, low-vision users have widely varying needs requiring a range of interface customizations for different page sections; dynamic customization in extant magnifiers is disruptive to users' browsing. We present SteeringWheel, a magnification interface that leverages content semantics to preserve local context. In combination with a physical dial, supporting simple rotate and press gestures, users can quickly navigate different webpage sections, easily locate desired content, get a quick overview, and seamlessly customize the interface. A user study with 15 low-vision participants showed that their web-browsing efficiency improved by at least 20 percent with SteeringWheel compared to extant screen magnifiers.