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Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a new urethral valve to deal with severe urinary incontinence (UI) caused by sphincter injury or dysneuria. This valve consists of a wireless power transfer system and a valve body structure driven by SMA (shape memory alloy) spring. The mechanical model of SMA spring and coupling model of wireless energy transfer are derived. Special attention is also given to the biological effects of electromagnetic filed as the proposed device is powered by wireless power transfer system. This valve is validated by simulation experiment and the models are used to investigate the influence of SMA spring parameters, control parameters and coil parameters on the driving characteristics of the proposed urethral valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) are one of the com-monest urolgical problems seen in children and the electro-coagulation, which is the most widely preferred modality to ablate the valves, may not be feasible in small-for-date and low-birth-weight neonates as the suitable size resec-toscope/cystoscope may not available. With the availa-bility of Nd: YAG laser at our institute recently, we started performing the laser fulguration instead of electrocoagu-lation of the valves. We reviewed our experience with the emerging role of the Nd: YAG laser in the fulguration of PUV, comparing the results with a historical control group who underwent the classical electrocoagulation of the PUV. The boys (n=50) diagnosed to have PUV by VCUG were confirmed by Wolf 8.5 size cystoscope, underwent Nd: YAG laser fulguration of the valves with a bare fiber, as a day-care procedure without postoperative catheteri-zation. Historical controls (n=50) who had undergone classical electrocoagulation using 9.5 size Wolf resectos-cope served as the controls. The mean age was 1.3 y and 2.6 y in laser and electrocoagulation group respectively. The mean hospital stay of the electrocoagulation group was 3.8 d. Three patients after electrocoagulation devel-oped hematuria and 4 required refulguration whereas in the laser group 5 required refulguration and none devel-oped hematuria. In conclusion, endoscopic laser fulgura-tion of PUV is technically feasible even in neonates and small children. Laser offers excellent results that are com-parable to the time-honored electrocoagulation procedure. This has the additional advantage forfulgurating the PUV in smaller caliber urethra as this can be performed with the smaller available cystoscope that has a side channel, admitting the laser fiber.

Posterior urethral valves (PUV) associated with renal dysplasia are one of the most common causes of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in childhood. In order to identify risk factors for the progression of this condition to early renal failure, we have retrospectively analyzed the clinical course, renal function, and first postnatal renal ultrasound in a sample of 42 young male patients with PUV, who were followed at a single center. Twelve (28.6%) were diagnosed with ESKD at a median age of 11.3 years. Our comparison of PUV patients without decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (group A; K/DOQI CKD stage 0-1) with PUV patients showing a decreased eGFR (group B; K/DOQI CKD stage 2-5) revealed the following significant risk factors for loss of eGFR: renal volume <3rd percentile ( P < 0.001), elevated echogenicity ( P = 0.001), pathologic corticomedullary differentiation ( P < 0.001), >3 febrile urinary tract infections ( P = 0.012), and decreased eGFR at 1 year of age ( P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the cohort confirms that patients showing a renal volume >88.2 ml/m body surface area (BSA) are not at risk to develop K/DOQI CKD stage 5 (sensitivity 75%, specificity 77.3%, positive/negative predictive value 37.5/94.4%). Ultrasound promises to be a valuable tool for identifying endangered patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the answers of the quiz on the differential diagnosis of the male infant with bilateral upper urinary tract dilatation and recurrent infection. It claims that bilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux, agenesis of the bladder, and obstructive anomalies must be considered in diagnosing this infection. Also, it is necessary to treat the patient with diverticulectomy and urethrosplasty.

Dilatations of the urinary tract are discovered in increasing numbers in intrauterine or postnatal sonographic screening examinations. Only few urinary tract anomalies (e. g. urethral valves) require immediate therapy; however, ureteropelvic stenosis and primary megaureter in particular require a prognostic classification between relevant obstructions needing correction and dilations which do not affect renal function. Ultrasound, diuresis scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain the main pillars of advanced diagnostics despite an increasing number of biomarkers. The prevention of progressive renal parenchymal damage is the main focus of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, while avoiding unnecessary or unnecessarily stressful interventions.

A quiz concerning the diagnosis of the patient with a bilateral upper urinary tract dilatation and recurrent infection.