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* Context.--United States' clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are often produced by professional societies and used worldwide in daily medical practice. However, studies in various medical specialties demonstrate under-representation of women and racial and ethnic minority groups in CPGs. The representation of authors by gender, race, and ethnicity of US pathology CPGs has not been previously evaluated. Objective.--To assess if women and individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented as authors of pathology CPGs. Design.--The gender, race, ethnicity, and terminal degrees of authors of 18 CPGs from the College of American Pathologists were coded by using photographs and other available information online and compared to their representation in academic pathology per Association of American Medical Colleges benchmark data. Results.--Two hundred seventy-five author positions (202 physician author positions) were analyzed. Women overall (119 of 275; 43.3%) and women physicians (65 of 202; 32.2%) held fewer positions than all men and men physicians. Women physicians were significantly underrepresented in physician author positions, while White men physicians were significantly overrepresented in all, first, senior, and corresponding authorship roles when compared to the proportion of women and White men physicians among pathology faculty, respectively. Asian men and women physicians were underrepresented as compared to their representation among pathology faculty. Conclusions.--Men, particularly White men physicians, are overrepresented among pathology CPG author positions, while women physicians and some physicians from racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these findings on the careers of underrepresented physicians and the content of guidelines. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:230-241; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0351-OA), Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) influence the daily practice of medicine. In the United States, guidelines are often produced by professional societies and used around the world. As such, they have [...]

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics first introduced an age-bias adjustment with the release of the Consumer Price Index for January 1988. The purpose of the age-bias adjustment is to [...]

This research study analyzes placemaking tension and dynamics at a university in the southern United States known for its beautiful landscape as well as its dedication to sustainability science education. This study aims to discover the decision-making framework of the University's Grounds Department using actor-network theory to explore relationships among actors of turfgrass, soil, water, oak trees, and humans as a socio-ecological system within the institutional context of the university. Methodology includes participatory observation, interviews, focus groups, document analysis, and quantitative data collection. Data collected showed a high aesthetic expectation and high human intervention on a site-by-site level. The turfgrass at the front of campus is a symbol of the university. It is intensely managed by the Grounds Department and aesthetic quality is the highest priority. Our results reveal that legacies of intense management have caused more frequent turfgrass patchiness and plant inconsistency. The study reveals a highly contested socio-ecological system of dynamic interactions among humans, soils, water, trees, and turfgrass. This research provides the decision-making framework of the Grounds Department and describes feedbacks within the socio-ecological system. Nonetheless, alternatives exist to balance the demands of the socio-ecological system with the desire to maintain the aesthetic of campus. KEYWORDS: Turfgrass, Oaks, Soil, Irrigation, Participatory modeling, HIGHLIGHTS * Managing campus landscapes through placemaking reveals ongoing tensions among humans, trees, lawns, water, and soil. * Involving campus landscape staff enabled participatory modeling of a socio-ecological system. * [...]

SIX WEEKS AFTER> the assassination of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., trucks and bulldozers from the Oregon National Guard's 41st Infantry rumbled through Portland's Albina district. The heart of [...]

Genealogists greet the new release of a census like a holiday. This type of holiday celebrates the potential for making new discoveries about family connections, living conditions, and other life [...]

In May 2018, exceptional flooding and subsequent landslides devastated western North Carolina. This growing region, with strong tourism and agriculture sectors, is projected to experience a greater risk of water-related threats due to rapid population growth and increased climatic variability. Recent events highlight the need for communities to have a better understanding of flooding and landslides to inform proactive policies for risk mitigation in western North Carolina. Through phone interviews with key informants from a variety of sectors in Buncombe and Watauga counties, we evaluated stakeholder experiences and perceptions relating to flooding and landslide events in 2018. Content analysis of those interviews highlighted environment and emergency response as common themes-revealing interests and concerns--among key informants. Other common themes include flooding risk, vulnerability, and mapping programs. Themes vary by county, highlighting the importance of local context with natural disasters. Stakeholders across all sectors placed significant emphasis on communication both within agencies and with the public. Identifying key themes illustrates gaps and concerns with communication. Armed with awareness of these gaps, policymakers may be better equipped to address policy shortcomings; communities can build on local experiences and expertise to prepare for future natural hazards. KEYWORDS: Qualitative methods, Landslide risk, Flash flood risk, Southern Appalachians, INTRODUCTION Events such as the severe flooding and devastating landslides that impacted western North Carolina (WNC) in May 2018 are likely to become more frequent in a changing climate (North [...]

GIS Data Since most census data is geographic in nature, it lends itself well to geographic analysis. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are collections of software and data for conducting geographic [...]

Metropolitan regions in the southeastern United States are among the fastest-growing regions in the country. Due in part to broader economic transitions and related pull factors, urban regions in the American South are poised for further growth. In addition to pull factors driving current and projected migration trends, climate change-induced migration from coastal areas will also contribute to population growth in proximate inland urban regions. Moreover, despite state- and federal-level rhetoric and policy vacillations, places like Atlanta, Charlotte, and Nashville have planned policies, programs, and practices focused on integration and receptivity of newly arriving populations, including immigrants, refugees, and domestic migrants. How will metropolitan regions in the South continue to incorporate millions of new residents through the mid-twenty-first century? This paper analyzes projected population growth in the southeastern US through the mid-twenty-first century. Findings suggest institutional and social change prospects to facilitate the South's evolution on migration, integration, and receptivity in metropolitan regions, and identify possible pathways for southern metropolitan regions to build a more regionally resilient and resourceful future. KEYWORDS: Migration, Immigration, Population change, Population projections, Metropolitan Regions, HIGHLIGHTS * Domestic, international, and climate-induced migration are important drivers of population growth. * Three migration trends will influence metropolitan growth in the twenty-first century southern US. * Leaders in [...]

DID SALEM, OREGON, have a Chinatown during the late 1800s? The Salem Historic Landmarks Commission (HLC) posed this question to city staff in 2017 as part of its larger effort [...]

The twentieth century was marked, especially in its second part, by the rivalry of the United States and the Soviet Union, a rivalry that prompted many analysts to devise theories about this seemingly perpetual bi-polar international system. Yet after 1989 these theories crumbled under the seemingly unexpected dissolution of one of the two poles of the system, and thus new theories emerged, trying to better explain what was happening. One such theory, the Social-Constructivist one, tried to argue that identities, ideas and the way in which these are constructed also play a pivotal role in international relations. In the pages below I will try to analyze what is emerging to be a similarly century-defining rivalry, the one between the United States and the People's Republic of China, through the 'lens' of Social-Constructivism, to find out if the theory laid out by Alexander Wendt almost three decades ago can still aptly explain the world of today. Keywords: U.S.--China relations, Social-Constructivism, Discourses, * Catalin Badea holds a MA in Cultural Diplomacy and International Relations from Babes-Bolyai University. Contact: catalinbadea500@gmail.com Introduction Ever since 1972 and the historic rapprochement between the United States and [...]

The first reported case of COVID-19 in Tennessee (TN) occurred on March 5, 2020, growing to 580,809 cases state-wide by the end of 2020. A GIS dashboard was developed using data from the TN Department of Health to communicate state-wide COVID-19 spread, and a relationship between pandemic development and rurality was observed during the first wave (through September 2020), noted in other US and global research. Because > 90% of TN counties are designated rural or mixedrural, we examined metrics to describe development as it relates to rurality. Metrics included days to the first case/hospitalization/fatality, days between state and county peak, and days to an incidence rate of ten per 100,000. Metrics were compared within different classes of rurality, using seven rurality classification schemes. Significant differences were noted in four of the five metrics between classes of rurality. Rural counties in TN experienced significant lags to the first case, hospitalization, and fatality, and the peak cases in rural counties were delayed relative to urban counties when outlier counties with early state prison outbreaks were excluded. In rural TN counties, regardless of rurality definition, cases, hospitalizations, and fatalities were slower to appear. However, once community spread was established, rurality no longer had a protective effect. KEYWORDS: GIS dashboard, Pandemic, Rural, ANOVA, Population density, Data visualization, HIGHLIGHTS * Geographic Information Science (GIS) dashboards are effective in communicating COVID-19 information spatiotemporally. * COVID-19 outbreak was slower to become established in rural Tennessee counties. * Once community spread [...]

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects 0.4-percent annual growth in employment over the 2019-29 decade.[1] This projected growth is slower than the growth that occurred over the 2009-19 [...]

The present research was conducted to determine state-level relations of resident neuroticism to age-adjusted cancer incidence, overall health status, the prevalence of four other major illnesses, the incidence of 25 invasive cancer sites, all-cause mortality, and 10 main cause-of-death categories. Responses of 619,397 residents to the Big Five Inventory between 1999 and 2005 produced state neuroticism scores for each of the 50 states. State socioeconomic status, White population percent, urban population percent, heavy drinking, smoking, obesity, exercise, and consumption of fruits and vegetables served as control variables. For each of the 44 criteria, statistical control was attained in sequential multiple regression equations by entering the eight variables first as block, and then first stepwise, followed by the forced entry of neuroticism. For the 2000-2010 period, Study 1 established that state resident neuroticism accounted for an additional 11.2 to 31.7% of the variance in total, male, and female cancer incidence. With the same analytic procedures, Study 2 provided evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. Neuroticism accounted for significant variance in the incidence of a majority of the top 25 invasive cancer sites between 2000 and 2010, and cancer as a cause of death in 2011. In contrast, neuroticism was not a significant positive predictor of overall health in 2011, all-cause mortality in 2011, the prevalence of diabetes, COPD, and kidney disease in 2011, or, death in 2011 from digestive, nervous system, endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, as well as from mental and behavioral disorders and certain infectious and parasitic diseases., Author(s): Stewart J. H. McCann [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.253649.f, 0000 0001 2151 8595, Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, , 1250 Grand Lake Road, B1P 6L2, Sydney, NS, Canada [...]

Commuting accounts for one of the highest daily air pollution exposure periods for workers in the U.S.; however, exposures vary greatly depending on transportation mode. In this study, we compared commuters' (N = 433) perceived versus actual air pollution exposures across six modes of commuting in Salt Lake City, Utah. Commuter perceptions of exposure were compared with measured (actual) fine particulate matter ([PM.sub.2.5]) exposures. Comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Participants ranked active modes of commuting (walking and bicycling) as being less exposing to air pollution than automobile and public transportation modes, while actual exposures indicated that walking and bicycling yielded the highest exposures (p < .001). Our findings suggest the general public lacks an understanding of the factors that influence daily air pollution exposures during commuting. Public health programs could reduce commuters' lifetime exposures through education directed toward actions people can take to reduce daily inhaled doses of air pollution., Introduction Ambient air pollution contributes to multiple respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (Anderson, Thundiyil, & Stolbach, 2012; Brandt, Perez, Kunzli, Lurmann, & McConnell, 2012; Brook et al., 2010; Pope & Dockery, [...]

Although an increasing number of studies consider married or cohabiting couples as current, former, or potential coworkers, surprisingly, little evidence exists on the extent to which these couples work at [...]

Childhood lead exposure remains a public health concern, as it can lower a child's intelligence quotient and cause permanent neurological damage. The objective of this study was to identify census tracts with the highest risk for blood lead levels (BLLs) [greater than or equal to] 5 [micro]g/dL in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We analyzed BLLs among children born in 2008-2010 who had at least one venous BLL test. A multivariable mixed effects logistic regression model was used to create risk scores and estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for BLLs [greater than or equal to] 5 [micro]g/dL and census tract-level characteristics, including median age of housing, percent of Black residents, vacant properties, rental properties, adults living in poverty, and adults with a high school education. Of 49,246 children, 14.37% had more than one BLL [greater than or equal to]5 [micro]g/dL. Census tracts with a higher percentage of pre-1950 housing (OR = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [Cl] [1.63, 2.04]), Black residents (OR = 3.22, 95% CI [2.70, 3.84]), vacant properties (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.23, 1.72]), and poverty (OR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.18, 1.89]) were associated with the highest risk. The mean risk score was 0.12 (range: 0.02-0.35). Our findings show that risk scores can help target prevention activities., Introduction Childhood lead exposure remains a widespread, yet preventable public health problem despite community-level interventions (Campbell et al., 2013; Raymond & Brown, 2017; Rogers et al., 2014). The Advisory Committee [...]

The US economy has experienced a long expansion from the trough in June 2009 through the first half of 2019. The unemployment rate has dipped below 4 percent since April [...]

Venture capital (VC) and growth are examined both empirically and theoretically. Empirically, VC-backed startups have higher early growth rates and initial patent quality than non-VC-backed ones. VC backing increases a startup's likelihood of reaching the right tails of the firm size and innovation distributions. Furthermore, outcomes are better for startups matched with more experienced venture capitalists. An endogenous growth model, where venture capitalists provide both expertise and financing for business startups, is constructed to match these facts. The presence of venture capital, the degree of assortative matching between startups and financiers, and the taxation of VC-backed startups matter significantly for growth. JEL classification: E13, E22, G24, L26, O16, O31, O40 Key words: venture capital, assortative matching, endogenous growth, IPO, management, mergers and acquisitions, research and development, startups, synergies, taxation, patents, 1 Introduction Most firms are born small, stay small, and engage in little innovation throughout their lifetimes. (1) Only a few become large, successful businesses that generate breakthrough innovations and [...]

Abstract For nearly a century, economists have relied upon the neoclassical principle of a 'profit-maximizing firm.' Two modern challenges to this principle have arisen: the theory of the value-maximizing firm, [...]

When most Americans think of the census, they think of the count of the population that happens every ten years. While the ten-year census is the Census Bureau's foundational program, [...]

Employment growth is projected to slow during the 2018 to 2028 decade because of slowing population growth and changing demographics. As the population ages, the labor force participation rate is [...]

The historic health care reform of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly referred to as Obamacare, enabled more than 20 million Americans to gain health insurance and access to health care. However, the original mandate requiring states to expand Medicaid was ruled as optional in 2012 by the Supreme Court. Focusing on Hispanic consumers residing in a state that opted out of the Medicaid expansion, this study reports on the consumer experience of Obamacare. Findings show that study participants are in an unfavorable situational context, better understood when the cultural context is considered, and cultural resistance recognized. The findings also show that participants are confused, discouraged, and fearful of the continued unaffordability of health insurance and the lawful need to enroll or be penalized. For these participants, affordable health insurance has not been realized and this research gives an insight on those individuals falling through the cracks., The historic health care reform of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly referred to as Obamacare, enabled more than 20 million Americans to gain health insurance and access [...]

This article introduces new measures of productivity growth for four industries in construction: single-family residential construction; multifamily residential construction; highways, roads, and bridges construction; and industrial construction. Although previous studies [...]

U.S. income inequality is increasing at a rate not seen in over a decade, which could further fuel health inequities between the rich and poor, according to a new report [...]

This article examines the gentrification of Fort Greene, which is located in the western part of black Brooklyn, one of the largest contiguous black urban areas in the USA. Between the late 1960s and 2003, gentrification in Fort Greene followed the patterns discovered by scholars of black neighborhoods; the gentrifying agents were almost exclusively black and gentrification as a process was largely bottom-up because entities interested in the production of space were mostly not involved. Since 2003, this has changed. Whites have been moving to Fort Greene in large numbers and will soon represent the numerical majority. Public and private interventions in and around Fort Greene have created a new top-down version of gentrification, which is facilitating this white influx. Existing black residential and commercial tenants are replaced and displaced in the name of urban economic development., Author(s): Themis Chronopoulos[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Swansea University, Swansea, WalesUK Introduction On February 25, 2014, in a Black History Month speech at Pratt Institute, after being prodded by an audience [...]

Background Gun violence has shortened the average life expectancy of Americans, and better knowledge about the root causes of gun violence is crucial to its prevention. While some empirical evidence exists regarding the impacts of social and economic factors on violence and firearm homicide rates, to the author's knowledge, there has yet to be a comprehensive and comparative lagged, multilevel investigation of major social determinants of health in relation to firearm homicides and mass shootings. Methods and findings This study used negative binomial regression models and geolocated gun homicide incident data from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, to explore and compare the independent associations of key state-, county-, and neighborhood-level social determinants of health-social mobility, social capital, income inequality, racial and economic segregation, and social spending-with neighborhood firearm-related homicides and mass shootings in the United States, accounting for relevant state firearm laws and a variety of state, county, and neighborhood (census tract [CT]) characteristics. Latitude and longitude coordinates on firearm-related deaths were previously collected by the Gun Violence Archive, and then linked by the British newspaper The Guardian to CTs according to 2010 Census geographies. The study population consisted of all 74,134 CTs as defined for the 2010 Census in the 48 states of the contiguous US. The final sample spanned 70,579 CTs, containing an estimated 314,247,908 individuals, or 98% of the total US population in 2015. The analyses were based on 13,060 firearm-related deaths in 2015, with 11,244 non-mass shootings taking place in 8,673 CTs and 141 mass shootings occurring in 138 CTs. For area-level social determinants, lag periods of 3 to 17 years were examined based on existing theory, empirical evidence, and data availability. County-level institutional social capital (levels of trust in institutions), social mobility, income inequality, and public welfare spending exhibited robust relationships with CT-level gun homicide rates and the total numbers of combined non-mass and mass shooting homicide incidents and non-mass shooting homicide incidents alone. A 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in institutional social capital was linked to a 19% reduction in the homicide rate (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.91, p < 0.001) and a 17% decrease in the number of firearm homicide incidents (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.95, p = 0.01). Upward social mobility was related to a 25% reduction in the gun homicide rate (IRR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.66-0.86, p < 0.001) and a 24% decrease in the number of homicide incidents (IRR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.87, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, 1-SD increases in the neighborhood percentages of residents in poverty and males living alone were associated with 26%-27% and 12% higher homicide rates, respectively. Study limitations include possible residual confounding by factors at the individual/household level, and lack of disaggregation of gun homicide data by gender and race/ethnicity. Conclusions This study finds that the rich-poor gap, level of citizens' trust in institutions, economic opportunity, and public welfare spending are all related to firearm homicide rates in the US. Further establishing the causal nature of these associations and modifying these social determinants may help to address the growing gun violence epidemic and reverse recent life expectancy declines among Americans., Author(s): Daniel Kim * Introduction The US is grappling with a worsening epidemic of gun homicides. Between 2001 and 2013, guns took the lives of more Americans than the total [...]

Since the housing crisis of2007-2009, suburban governments around Metropolitan Atlanta have increasingly partnered with real estate developers in attempts to revitalize disinvested suburban spaces. Many of these developments target working-class [...]

We study the leverage of U.S. firms over their life cycles and the connection between firm leverage, firm growth, and aggregate shocks. We construct a new dataset that combines private and public firms' balance sheets with firm-level data from U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Business Database for the period 2005-12. Public and private firms exhibit different leverage dynamics over their life cycles. Firm age and size are systematically related to leverage for private firms but not for public firms. We show that private firms, but not public ones, deleveraged during the Great Recession and that this deleveraging is associated with a reduction in firm revenue and employment growth. Exploiting sectoral variation, we find that the leverage dynamics of firms is also relevant for aggregate fluctuations. JEL classification: E23, G32 Key words: leverage, firm dynamics, firm growth, firm life-cycle, financial constraints, borrowing limits, short-term debt, aggregate shocks, 1 Introduction A great deal is known about the life-cycle dynamics and growth of U.S. firms, but how their growth is financed and its implications are far less understood. Much [...]

Children and older adults typically experience poverty more often than working-age adults, according to a U.S. Census Bureau report released in August. 'Dynamics of Economic Well-Being: Poverty, 2013-2016,' found that [...]

Arguably, suburban areas--as geographic spaces --are becoming increasingly shaped by the influx of Latinos, their businesses, and their cultures. This study investigates the spatial distribution and temporal relationships of Latino-cuisine [...]

Through an analysis o/Animal, Vegetable, Miracle, No Impact Man, and Deep Economy, this essay examines how local food movement arguments reinforce a monoculture identity for the movement. Analyzing movement rhetoric for how it accounts (or does not account) for the lived experiences of the poor, illustrates how blind spots in local food movement arguments aimed at popular audiences construct those of low socioeconomic status as outside the bounds of movement membership. The essay contends that recognition of broader practices, knowledge, and lived experiences in movement rhetoric might make space for the development of a poly cultural movement. Key Words: Local Food Movement, Class, Absence, Argumentation, and Rhetoric, I purchase shares of community supported agriculture (CSA), shop at farmers' markets, and belong to a food cooperative. I am also white, middle-class, and partake in these behaviors for environmental […]

After the passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act in 1988, tribal gaming revenues increased dramatically. Using a differences-in-differences methodology with 1990 and 2000 census data, this study finds that American Indians (Al) on gaming reservations experience a 7.4% increase in per capita income and reductions in both family and child poverty rates relative to Al on non-gaming reservations. Large and medium casinos are associated with changes in well-being while smaller casinos are not. These results are sensitive to the inclusion of the Navajo reservation, a large non-gaming reservation with increased income during the 1990s. (JEL 132, L83), I. INTRODUCTION This study adds to the literature that examines whether tribal casinos improve the well-being of American Indians (AI). During the 1990s, gaming changed the economic landscape for American [...]

This study examined the extent of domestic violence and sociocultural factors (isolation, social support, acculturation, and patriarchy) associated with domestic violence among a community sample of 215 women of South Asian origin in the U.S. The sample is the largest to date in a study of domestic violence among South Asian women. Both paper and Web surveys were used. Of the sample, 38% experienced some form of abuse in the past year. Isolation from spouse/partner and perceived social support predicted abuse. This information is vital in developing effective and culturally appropriate intervention methods for South Asian women victims of domestic violence. Keywords Social support * Isolation * Partner abuse * Psychological maltreatment * Intimate partner violence, South Asian communities in the U.S. include immigrants from countries including Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka, with the majority being from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (Barnes and Bennett 2002; Rudrappa [...]

Getting an accurate census count is critical for public health to work toward health equity. However, for some Hispanics in the U.S., the census may seem more of a threat [...]

HYPOTHESES ABOUT DATA SHARING ATTITUDES It seems likely that public beliefs and feelings about data sharing among federal statistical agencies do not conform to the classical definition of attitudes, which [...]

CENSUS BUREAU economic data programs have changed and improved since my last guest article in The Statistics Corner. This article outlines program developments since mid-1988 that may interest business economists, [...]

The U.S. civilian labor force-the number of people working or looking for work-has gone through substantial changes in its size and demographic composition over the last half of the 20th [...]

BACKGROUND: Hydraulically fractured wells produce 2-14 million liters of wastewater, which may contain toxic and radioactive compounds. The wastewater is predominantly disposed of using Class II injection wells. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and injection well locations in Ohio. METHODS: Using state and federal data sources, we classified Ohio census block groups by presence of injection wells, number of hydraulically fractured wells, sociodemographic factors (median household income, % white, population density, % [greater than or equal to]high school education, median age, voter turnout), and geographic information (land area, water area, situated over shale). We modeled the odds of having at least one injection well within a block group with respect to all covariates using three multivariable models incorporating different spatial components to account for similarities in neighboring block groups. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, block groups with injection wells (n = 156) compared with those without (n = 9,049) had lower population density (71 vs. 2,210people/[mi.sup.2] or 27 vs. 854people/[km.sup.2]), larger median area (43.5 vs. 1.35[km.sup.2]), higher median age (42.8 vs. 40.2 y), and higher % white (98.1% vs. 92.1%). After adjustment using a spatial logistic regression model, the odds of a block group containing an injection well were 16% lower per $10,000 increase in median income [odds ratio (OR) = 0.837; 95% credible interval (CI): 0.719, 0.961] and 97% lower per 1,000 people/[mi.sup.2] (or per 386people/[km.sup.2]) increase (OR = 0.030; 95% CI = 0.008, 0.072). Block groups on shale and those containing fewer hydraulically fractured wells were more likely to include an injection well. Percentage white, median age, % [greater than or equal to] high school education, and % voter turnout were not significant predictors of injection well presence. CONCLUSION: In Ohio, injection wells were inversely associated with block groups' median incomes after adjusting for other sociodemographic and geographic variables. Research is needed to determine whether residents in census blocks with injection wells face increased risk of chemical exposures or adverse health outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2663, Introduction The production of natural gas has been increasing in the United States due to advances in drilling technologies, fluctuating oil prices, and a desire to replace coal with a [...]

THE 1990 CENSUS will provide this century's single best 'portrait' of our Nation's people and housing. The first block-level data were released in March 1991. By the end of 1993, [...]

Both authors are with the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Based on material provided by Thomas Mesenbourg of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, this article describes [...]

Who Counts? The Politics of Census-Taking in Contemporary America by Margo J. Anderson and Stephen E. Fienberg Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1999. 329 pp. $32.50. ISBN 0-87154-256-0. During my [...]

WHILE A drop in the number and rate of uninsured Americans is heartening news to public health advocates and indicates success from some provisions of the Affordable Care Act, nearly [...]

Whether or not you're a census reporter, eventually you're going to need census data. When St. Louis Post-Dispatch features reporter Lorraine Kee was working on a story about a new [...]

A new Census Bureau study on the commuting patterns of America's workers could planners ease the daily transportation problems of the nation's work force. The Bureau has also release a [...]

The economic census is taken every five years and is the most comprehensive source of economic information on business establishments available. The economic census provides detailed industry and geographic statistics [...]