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Summary: Supraglottic airway devices are commonly used to manage the airway during general anaesthesia. There are sporadic case reports of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and dislocation following supraglottic airway device use. We conducted a prospective observational study of adult patients undergoing elective surgery where a supraglottic airway device was used as the primary airway device. Pre‐operatively, all participants were asked to complete a questionnaire involving 12 points adapted from the Temporomandibular Joint Scale and the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire. Objective measurements included inter‐incisor distance as well as forward and lateral jaw movements. The primary outcome was the inter‐incisor distance, an accepted measure of temporomandibular joint mobility. Both the questionnaire and measurements were repeated in the postoperative period and we analysed data from 130 participants. Mean (SD) inter‐incisor distance in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 46.5 (7.2) mm and 46.3 (7.5) mm, respectively (p = 0.521) with a difference (95%CI) of 0.2 (−0.5 to 0.9) mm. Mean (SD) forward jaw movement in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 3.6 (2.4) mm and 3.9 (2.4) mm, respectively (p = 0.018). Mean (SD) lateral jaw movement to the right in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 8.9 (4.1) mm and 9.1 (4.0) mm, respectively (p = 0.314). Mean (SD) lateral jaw movement to the left in the pre‐ and postoperative period was 8.8 (4.0) mm and 9.3 (3.6) mm, respectively (p = 0.008). The number of patients who reported jaw clicks or pops before opening their mouth as wide as possible was 28 (21.5%) vs. 12 (9.2%) in the pre‐ and postoperative period, respectively (p < 0.001) with a difference (95%CI) of 12.3% (6.7–17.9%). There was no significant difference in the responses to the other 11 questions or in the number of patients who reported pain in the temporomandibular joint area postoperatively. No clinically significant dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint following the use of supraglottic airway devices in the postoperative period was identified by either patient questionnaires or objective measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribological Processes in the gear cutting of cylindrical gears on cutting elements of hob milling tools develop under specific conditions. The particular requirements under which the contacts between the hob milling tools and the workpiece material are made, make it difficult to become familiar with the tribological processes on them so that today there is more knowledge about their consequences on the machined surface of the teeth and the cutting elements of the hob milling tool, and less about their nature. In this paper, based on the experimental investigations, the wear analysis of three-treads uncoated and coated integral hob milling tools in the gear cutting of cylindrical gears is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, size and weight of agricultural machinery have increased significantly, and as a consequence, the severity and depth to which the stress is transmitted into agricultural soil have increased. The objective of experimental determinations was to study the influence of some factors characteristic to compaction: tire inflation pressure, wheel load and contact pressure on the contact area between tire and soil, as well as 2D and 3D mapping of pressure distribution in the footprint. The front tire of the U445 Romanian agricultural tractor was tested at five tire inflation pressures: 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kPa, obtaining contact areas between 0.0252 - 0.0349 m2 and contact pressures between 98 - 136 kPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribological processes and failure of plain bearings significantly affect the availability, adaptability, reliability and productivity of modern technology, maintenance costs, energy costs and the costs of modern production. The research of tribological processes and failure of plain bearings should indicate the possible causes and the necessary measures to be applied in order to reduce the tribological processes and failure of plain bearings. In this paper, possible causes of tribological processes and failure of plain bearings were analyzed. Having in mind the most important causes of tribological processes and failure, a proposal for monitoring the condition is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical model for prediction of the stress state in agricultural soil under the agricultural tires of a heavy-duty tractor, using the Finite Element Method. Using an acquisition data system and pressure sensors, the theoretical model was experimentally verified in the laboratory. This study highlights the major advantage of using FEM models, which consists mainly in the spectacular reduction of costs for experimental testing and a considerable reduction in the time needed to analyse the possibility of the occurrence of artificial compaction phenomenon in the agricultural soil under heavy-duty tractors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head and neck position is one of the factors which can be associated with difficult videolaryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. This prospective randomised clinical trial compared 'sniffing' and neutral positions using a channelled (KingVision® ) and a non-channelled (C-MAC® D-blade) videolaryngoscope in 200 adult patients randomly allocated into four groups (KingVision 'sniffing', KingVision neutral, C-MAC 'sniffing' and C-MAC neutral). The primary outcome was the ease of tracheal intubation using the modified intubation difficulty scale (mIDS) score. Laryngoscopy time, intubation time, laryngoscopic view using the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score and success rate of tracheal intubation were secondary outcomes. The median (IQR [range]) modified difficulty scale scores for the four groups, respectively, were 0 (0-1 [0-3]), 0 (0-1 [0-4]), 1 (0-1 [0-5]) and 0 (0-1 [0-3]; p = 0.384). There was no significant difference in laryngoscopy time (p = 0.020), intubation time (p = 0.272) and success rate (p = 0.968) between the groups. The percentage of glottic opening score was lower for C-MAC neutral group as compared with other three groups (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the ease of intubation between the 'sniffing' and the neutral position when using the KingVision and the C-MAC videolaryngoscopes. Therefore, either of the two positions could be used with these types of videolaryngoscopes, if deemed advantageous for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biscuits are favorite treats for a wide category of consumers. The survey shows a comparison between the chemical composition of biscuits produced through the traditional method and those produced through industrial method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine contamination start from the raw material, grapes, because it is possible to be contaminated with molds, and can continue throughout the technological process. If the wine is not contaminated from the beginning can be contaminated for various reasons during storage. The wine characteristics change from color, odor, bright, clarity and after all of these the wine it is proper for consumer. This study presents the variation in chemical composition from different samples of white wine infected with different type of molds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of bakery products is a complex system because it encompasses several mandatory conditions: the amount of food harmlessness, the sensory quality and the presentation of the product. Due to continuous trend of increasing quality demands appeared and maintaining the demands in good features and economic performance appeared due to the continuous trend of increasing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts has evolved continuously since antiquity until today, its doctrinal writings pointing out during the modern period the influence that the progress of the concepts and the practices of war has had on the development of the normative conventions, especially the first and second world war, resulting in texts that are applicable even today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the consideration of some types of suspension roofs or structures made of the orthogonal cable networks. It proposes improved analysis technique in identifying the cables' axial force. It mentions some modification of the anchoring mode and outline shape to increase safety rank. It also discusses the dynamic effects of the wind on the roofs.

HIAP2 is a multifunctional protein that is critically involved in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Here, we show that HIAP2 5' untranslated region functions as a strong inhibitor of translation. Sequence analysis of human, mouse and rat sequences revealed that there exists a short open reading frame (ORF) that is located just upstream of the HIAP2 coding sequence. The translation of this uORF severely inhibited translation of the downstream reporter gene in vivo but not in vitro. Point mutation that destroys the CUG initiating codon of uORF markedly enhanced translation of the reporter gene without affecting the mRNA levels. Our results identify a novel translational regulatory mechanism that controls the expression of HIAP2 and point to the importance of tight regulation of antiapoptotic gene expression.Cell Death and Differentiation (2003) 10, 899-904. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401256 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with cervical spine injuries, emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation can prove as challenging to the anesthesiologist as the tracheal intubation. We report a case of a patient with a potentially unstable cervical spine injury who presented for a nonspinal surgery and experienced agitation on emergence from anesthesia. The use of an intravenous sedative was necessary to ensure cervical spine immobilization but was complicated by severe respiratory depression and the need for reintubation and admission to intensive care. The case report is followed by a review of literature relating to safe extubation of patients with cervical spine injuries. Possible complications during emergence and various methods to prevent these complications are discussed.

Translation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) proceeds by internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated initiation, a process that is physiologically important because XIAP expression is essential for cell survival under conditions of compromised cap-dependent translation, such as cellular stress. The regulation of internal initiation requires the interaction of IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) with the IRES element. We used RNA-affinity chromatography to identify XIAP ITAFs and isolated the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1). We find that hnRNP A1 interacts with XIAP IRES RNA both in vitro and in vivo and that hnRNP A1 negatively regulates XIAP IRES activity. Moreover, XIAP IRES-dependent translation is significantly reduced when hnRNP A1 accumulates in the cytoplasm. Osmotic shock, a cellular stress that causes cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP A1, also leads to a decrease in XIAP levels that is abrogated by knockdown of hnRNP A1 expression. These results suggest that the subcellular localization of hnRNP A1 is an important determinant of its ability to negatively regulate XIAP IRES activity, suggesting that the subcellular distribution of ITAFs plays a critical role in regulating IRES-dependent translation. Our findings demonstrate that cytoplasmic hnRNP A1 is a negative regulator of XIAP IRES-dependent translation, indicating a novel function for the cytoplasmic form of this protein.