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This paper analyzes the influence of different factors on the train-induced vibration response of newly-built underpass. These factors include the train operation mode (T), train speed (V), the thickness ratio of the underpass roof slab to the upper station floor slab (RRF), the thickness ratio of the middle wall to the side wall of the underpass (RMS), and the void defect between the underpass roof and the upper station floor (VRF). On this basis, the sensitivity of the above factors to the underpass vibration response induced by existing trains is discussed. The results demonstrate that all the above factors have a great effect on the peak acceleration and peak amplitude of the underpass roof. The calculation results of T show no significant differences. Both peak acceleration and amplitude increase rapidly and non-linearly with increasing V. The acceleration response and peak amplitude of the underpass can be significantly reduced by RRF and RMS but aggravated by VRF. The acceleration response distribution of the underpass is always symmetrical, and these factors have little influence on this symmetrical. Based on preliminary design parameters, the sensitivity of these factors on the acceleration response of underpass is ranked as V > RRF > VRF > RMS > T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground spaces raise anxieties and fears that are linked to a highly unfavorable imagination. Our contribution aims to establish the major cardinals points of the imaginary of the deep-underground based on the French anthropology of the imaginaire (Gaston Bachelard, Gilbert Durand). It states that the imagination nurtures a human emotional and affective relationship with space which structures the experience of a world. In the imagination, the qualities of underground spaces take on an ambivalent character. From a literary bibliography of the great stories that condense the various components of the imaginary underground into coherent sets of images, we identify five topical cardinal points of the imaginary of the underground. Firstly, depth is the most pregnant and has given rise to many stories, especially those devoted to the underworld, whose imagination still remains widespread today. Other features are the closure of space; the absence of landmarks; hollow space and the space below with respect to the space above. The imaginaire of the underground largely marked by anxiety also leaves room for other themes such as deep rest, the initiation quest, the desire to excel, fun exploration and creative subversion. The ambivalence of these qualities contributes to the richness of our experience and allows us to nurture leads towards the development of existing urban underground spaces combined in diverse strategies. The aim is to integrate underground spaces into the experience of a world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By questioning loneliness as a motive for mountain practice and as mode of "exercise of the space", this article deals with walking, hiking and mountaineering through isolation and being alone. It proposes to discuss the foundations of solitude considered both as experience and feeling, by making the hypothesis that mountain appears as a privileged space to meet it. More chimera than an objectified human being in the world, loneliness remains nonetheless ubiquitous in mountain litterature, which invites us to explore its various and even paradoxical forms. Deeply internalized or necessarily shared, constructed or represented through mountain materiality, abyss or refuge, it is a protean object that questions us more widely about the relation to the world and the relation to oneself. It questions the individual practice of the space just as much as the social interactions which surround it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]