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The configuration of a high-quality security system or computer using a Monte Carlo simulation high-quality random-number generator has been expected. The high-quality random-number generators are obtained using physical randomness phenomena. In particular, chaos is an appropriate random-number generator. First, we investigate the chaotic behavior in the Josephson junction (JJ) under irradiation with external radio frequency (RF) at 77 K using an equivalent circuit of the JJ. JJ is assumed to be an intrinsic JJ in a Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + δ single crystal. The output voltages of the JJ behave chaotic under some conditions and are evaluated using the Lyapunov exponent, Poincaré section, and attractors. Next, random numbers were generated from the chaotic output voltage in rgw JJ under irradiation with RF and evaluated by a verification test. Thus, random-number generators can be applied using the output voltage of theJJ under irradiation with external RF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides projected area factor for each part of the human body to allow the radiative heat transfer between the human and surrounding surfaces to be calculated. We first describe ways of calculating angle factors, effective radiation area, radiative heat transfer coefficients, and the mean radiant temperature for each segment of the human body. Then we describe an approach to measuring projected area factors using a manikin. Projected area factor distributions and other important elements for radiation analysis are presented and compared with other studies.

This paper provides projected area factors for each part of a sitting person to allow the radiative heat transfer between the human and surrounding surfaces to be calculated. We first briefly describe ways of calculating angle factors and effective radiation area for each segment of a sitting person. Then we describe an approach to measuring projected area factors using a manikin. Projected area factor distributions are presented, and then effective radiation area and angle factors are calculated and compared with the results of other studies.

Three very different task/ambient conditioning (TAC) systems were investigated in a climate chamber. Two desk-mounted TACs, the "Personal Environmental Module" (PEM), intended for US offices, and the "ClimaDesk" (CDESK), intended for European offices, were compared experimentally with a floor-mounted unit, the "Task Air Module" (TAM). All three provide some individual control of cooling, while PEM and CDESK also provide individual control of heating. They were installed with floor-ducted supply air (19-25°C) in standard office cubicles in a climate chamber, and their effect on the heat loss from a 16- section heated thermal mannequin was measured at various room temperatures (19-25°C). The individual control provided by each unit, in terms of the change in room air temperature that would have affected whole-body heat loss equivalently, was PEM: 9K, CDESK: 3K, TAM: 5K. The "thermal asymmetry" caused by each unit is given as the rate of heat loss from each body section.

Objective: This study evaluated the post-operative indications for sinonasal topical steroid treatment using a corticosteroid (steroid)-eluting, sinus-bioabsorbable device and its effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Method: Post-operative courses were investigated in two groups: group A with patients who underwent sinonasal topical steroid treatment, and group B with control patients who did not. Results: Group A was significantly younger than group B (p < 0.01), and the pre-operative computed tomography score was significantly higher in group A than in group B (p < 0.05). In the post-operative stage, the nasal symptoms questionnaire component of olfactory loss and the post-operative endoscopic appearance score were significantly worse in group A than in group B (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These data suggest that younger age, more severe rhinosinusitis and post-operative olfactory loss led to the need for sinonasal topical steroid treatment to prevent relapsing inflammation after functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to propose appropriate management for odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis. Method: Thirty-one adult patients with odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing maxillary extraction were retrospectively analysed. Patients with (n = 21) and without (n = 10) oroantral fistula on computed tomography were classified. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed when sinusitis did not improve after extraction. The critical indicators for surgical requirement in the management of odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis were analysed. Results: Sinusitis significantly improved after extraction in both groups. Patients without oroantral fistula had significantly more severe remnant sinusitis than those with oroantral fistula after extraction on computed tomography (p = 0.0037). The requirement for functional endoscopic sinus surgery was statistically significant for patients without orofacial fistula over those with orofacial fistula (p < 0.0001). The surgical improvement ratio was 93 per cent. Conclusion: The absence of oroantral fistula and severe sinusitis can be critical indicators for the requirement of functional endoscopic sinus surgery after extraction in the management of odontogenic chronic rhinosinusitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the predictors of disease progression after functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Method: A total of 281 adult chronic rhinosinusitis patients who underwent primary bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery between 2007 and 2017 and had at least 12 months of follow-up endoscopic evaluation were examined. Patients were divided into eosinophilic (n = 205) and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis groups (n = 76). In order to determine adverse factors, post-operative endoscopic appearance scores were analysed in relation to the pre- and intra-operative findings using multiple regression analyses. Results: The post-operative course of eosinophilic cases deteriorated over time, like the early period for non-eosinophilic cases. Frontal sinus polyps recurred early in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Multivariate analyses indicated young adulthood, asthma, high computed tomography score and frontal sinus polyps as significant adverse predictors. Conclusion: Early, appropriate estimation of sinonasal conditions appears to be crucial for successful surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to analyse findings of functional endoscopic sinus surgery to estimate the post-operative course of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: From 2007 to 2015, 291 adult patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis, divided into eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (n = 210) and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (n = 81) groups, who underwent primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery findings, scored as operating score, were analysed in relation to pre-operative olfactory recognition threshold and sinonasal computed tomography imaging score, as well as post-operative endoscopic appearance. Results: Operating scores in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis were significantly worse than those in non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. The anterior ethmoid sinus and superior meatus were predominantly inflamed. Operating score significantly correlated with pre-operative olfaction recognition threshold, computed tomography score and pre-operative endoscopic appearance score. In eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, higher operating scores were related to post-operative deterioration of endoscopic appearance score. Conclusion: The operating score reflects the course following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients with more severe operative findings require longer post-operative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:This study aimed to radiologically evaluate the influence of inflammatory changes in frontal recess cells on frontal sinusitis.Methods:A total of 93 patients (186 sides) who underwent primary sinonasal surgery at Hyogo College of Medicine were enrolled in 2015 and 2016. Opacification of agger nasi, fronto-ethmoidal, ethmoid bulla, suprabullar and frontal bulla cells was determined by pre-operative computed tomography and its influence on frontal sinusitis was investigated.Results:In all, 42 per cent of 186 sides were affected by frontal sinusitis. Agger nasi, ethmoid bulla, fronto-ethmoidal, suprabullar and frontal bulla cells were identified in 99 per cent, 100 per cent, 38 per cent, 69 per cent, and 16 per cent of sides, respectively. The presence of frontal recess cells and frontal ostium size did not significantly influence frontal sinusitis development. However, opacification of agger nasi, type 1 fronto-ethmoidal and suprabullar cells significantly influenced frontal sinusitis development.Conclusion:Frontal sinusitis is caused by inflammatory changes in frontal recess cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trapping process and saturation effect of trapped magnetic flux of bulk high-temperature superconductors by static field-cooling magnetization (FCM) are reported in the paper. With a cryogenic Bell Hall sensor attached on the center of the bulk surface, the synchronous magnetic signals were recorded during the whole magnetization process. It enables us to know the flux trapping behavior since the removal of the excitation field, as well as the subsequent flux relaxation phenomenon and the flux dissipation in the quench process of the bulk sample. With the help of flux mapping techniques, the relationship between the trapped flux and the applied field was further investigated; the saturation effect of trapped flux was discussed by comparing the peak trapped field and total magnetic flux of the bulk sample. These studies are useful to understand the basic flux trapping properties of bulk superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]