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Establishment of root nodule symbiosis is initiated by the perception of bacterial Nod factor ligands by the plant LysM receptor kinases NFR1 and NFR5. Receptor signaling initiating the symbiotic pathway depends on the kinase activity of NFR1, while the signaling mechanism of the catalytically inactive NFR5 pseudokinase is unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of the signaling-competent Lotus japonicus NFR5 intracellular domain, comprising the juxtamembrane region and pseudokinase domain. The juxtamembrane region is structurally well defined and forms two α-helices, αA and αA', which contain an exposed hydrophobic motif. We demonstrate that this "juxtamembrane motif" promotes NFR5-NFR5 and NFR1-NFR5 interactions and is essential for symbiotic signaling. Conservation analysis reveals that the juxtamembrane motif is present throughout NFR5-type receptors and is required for symbiosis signaling from barley RLK10, suggesting a conserved and broader function for this motif in plant-microbe symbioses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last few decades, focus of rehabilitation outcome has been redirected to the lifetime monitoring of quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in quality of life perceptions between participants with spinal cord injury and participants of typical population.This cross-sectional controlled study of 100 adults aged 18-65 years was based on two questionnaires, Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Spinal Cord Injury Quality of Life Questionnaire (QL-23), completed by 23 participants with paraplegia, 21 participants with tetraplegia, and 56 participants of typical population. Mann-Whitney U-test for planned comparison between groups and χ(2) test were used to analyze the differences between research groups.Participants from control group perceived their general quality of life at higher level in comparison to participants with spinal cord injury (U=415.000, z=-5.804, P

Research was conducted to examine the specific effects of recB mutation on the HfrH strain of Escherichia coli. RecB268::Tn10 was introduced into the Hfr strain where its viability was observed to be much lower than that of recB F- and recB F+ cells. The recB derivative yielded much shorter fragments of its chromosome to the recipient compared with wild-type HfrH. Results indicate that the recB gene product participates in Hfr transfer.

The role of the lambda Gam protein in restriction alleviation in recBCD+ Escherichia coli gene expression system was analyzed to characterize the factors that affects the functions of the EcoKI system. Analysis of restriction alleviation in Escherichia coli indicated role of the gam+ plasmid in increasing the efficiency of plating of the unmodified phage lambda. Furthermore, the EcoKI restriction of unmodified phage lambda was alleviated by inducing the expression of the Gam protein.

Genetic analysis of the interaction between the lambda Gam protein and the individual subunits of RecBCD enzyme to determine whether the Gam protein interacts with any of the individual subunits was undertaken. The plasmids were injected into the strain. The presence of the thermoinducible prophage in IRB53 resulted in the transient induction of all the transformants using a heat treatment method that does not affect their colony-forming propensity but facilitates their production of Gam proteins.