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Spatial autoregressive (SAR) models are often used to explicitly account for the spatial dependence underlying geographic phenomena. However, traditional SAR models are specified using a single SAR coefficient, assuming constant spatial dependence over space. This assumption oversimplifies the situation where the true spatial autoregressive process varies in strength; the consequences of ignoring heterogeneous autocorrelation remain to be discussed. This study proposes a heterogeneous spatial autocorrelation model by extending the spatial lag model (SLM). The new model includes change point detection for identifying patterns of spatially varying autocorrelation strengths, a SAR coefficient matrix for representing heterogeneous spatial autocorrelation, and maximum likelihood estimation for determining multiple SAR coefficients. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in modeling SAR processes with heterogeneous autocorrelation patterns, while traditional SLM inflates uncertainties in the regression coefficients when a heterogeneous autocorrelation structure is not accounted for. We further applied the new method to an empirical analysis of traffic crashes in the Greater Perth Area, Australia. The heterogeneous spatial autocorrelation model reduces model RMSE by 42% (compared with traditional SLM). Results from both simulation and empirical studies indicate that spatially varying autocorrelation strengths should be considered for SAR processes and relevant applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial discusses the interconnectedness of urban and transport developments and the importance of considering mobilities and geographies in planning cities. It highlights the need for a section in Urban, Planning & Transport Research that focuses on the impact of geographies on mobilities and planning processes, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the field. The section aims to contribute to the development of sustainable mobility systems and address issues of power relations, cultural processes, and spatial dynamics in urban areas. Additionally, it seeks to explore concepts like mobility justice and the influence of economic structures on people's mobility in urban contexts. [Extracted from the article]

This study examines the significant impact of Houthi insurgent activities on maritime traffic within the strategic Red Sea and Suez Canal routes, essential conduits for global trade. It explores the correlation between regional instability, exemplified by Houthi actions from 19 November 2023 to 5 February 2024, and changes in maritime traffic patterns and operational efficiency. This study seeks to answer a critical question in transport geography: how does regional instability, exemplified by Houthi insurgent activities, affect the maritime traffic patterns and operational efficiency of the Red Sea and Suez Canal? Using descriptive statistics, qualitative analysis, and geospatial methods, this research highlights recent trends in maritime traffic and incidents, revealing spatial and geopolitical challenges in this crucial trade route. The findings indicate a notable decline in maritime activity in the Gulf of Aden and Suez Canal due to security concerns from Houthi attacks, prompting a significant shift to alternative routes, particularly around the Cape of Good Hope. This shift underscores the broader implications of regional instability on global trade and the importance of maintaining an uninterrupted maritime flow. This study also emphasizes the economic ramifications, such as increased operational costs and freight rates due to longer transit times and enhanced security measures. This research concludes with a call for improved maritime security protocols and international cooperation to protect these strategic maritime pathways. It contributes to the discourse on transport geography by quantifying the direct impacts of regional conflicts on maritime logistics and proposing strategies for future resilience, highlighting the interconnected nature of global trade and security and the need for collective action against evolving geopolitical challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A special connection between people and their environment is legally recognized in Norway as Allemannsretten, the right to enjoy a large part of Norwegian nature. Scholarship on leisure mobility, spatial planning, and transport geography recognizes the intrinsic value of this spatial connection. As people travel for outdoor recreation, equitable access to recreation is a goal for just transport systems and must be achieved as these systems are digitalized and electrified for low-carbon transitions. The aim of the article is to identify the impact of transportation accessibility on outdoor recreation habits in the Greater Stavanger Region, Norway’s third-largest metropolitan region. With car-centric development since the 1970s and ambitious automobility-reduction targets, transportation accessibility for outdoor recreation is a key indicator of challenges to overcome in mobility transitions, yet features marginally in public debate. In focusing on popular outdoor day trips and based on multisited interviews with both car owners and non-owners, the authors identify oversights in accessibility, spatializing the issue of local destinations in relation to urban transport transition. They conclude that policymakers must address specific gaps to make transport systems desirable and inclusive, and that a spatial lens can be used to problematize and advance just low-carbon transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the theme of public transport in African literatures and aims to bridge the gap between mobilities research and African literary studies. It acknowledges the criticism that mobilities scholarship often focuses on the Global North and neglects experiences in the Global South. The article argues for a nuanced approach that considers historical and contextual specificities when studying African literary mobilities. It also emphasizes the importance of shedding light on local, intra-African forms of mobility and challenges the binary distinction between formal and informal public transportation. The article concludes by discussing the limited attention given to public transport in African literary studies and highlights the need to study its literary dimensions. The special issue of the journal further explores the politics and representations of public transport mobilities in African literatures, addressing topics such as accessibility, class, race, and the role of public transport in post-colonial societies. The studies emphasize the interconnected nature of public transport mobilities and call for more research in this area with a broader regional scope. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the link between public transport and literary practices by analyzing Imraan Coovadia's 2012 novel, The Institute for Taxi Poetry. In this novel, Coovadia comments on South Africa's palimpsestic history from the precolonial to the postcolonial. One way in which Coovadia does this is through the motif of the taxi. The taxi refers to a mini-bus taxi which in South Africa is a form of public transport primarily used by people from working-class backgrounds. Another way concerns the proposal of a fictional genre that plays a prominent role in this novel: taxi poetry. The article explores the ways in which the novel uses the taxi and submarine vessels to open up the geography of the sea as a transport surface whose impact on the histories of the dispossessed is visible from both below and above the waterline. Through engagement with the humanities turn in mobility studies and with scholarship in the oceanic humanities from the Global South, the article argues that the national and terrestrial readings of public transport in African literature(s) undervalue the sea, a prominent transport arena in Coovadia's novel, as both a space of transit as well as a public space with shared transnational histories. The article engages the novel's imagined literary sub-genre to evaluate how the text's subterranean extensions of the South African taxi industry, and public transport generally, unearth the layered narrative of South Africa as nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across research on incarceration and insularity, recent trajectories have challenged conventional understandings of islands and prisons as isolated, autonomous units. Instead, they have directed attention toward their capacity to establish relations, circuits and routes. Beyond the focus on mobility and exchanges, this literature criticised the association between insularity, incarceration and confinement as the outcome of specific colonial epistemologies. This article builds on these literatures to investigate the case of Sardinia, a large Mediterranean island that plays a key role in the Italian carceral regime by providing a destination for thousands of Italian convicts. Despite being an Italian and European region, Sardinia's past and present exhibit distinct colonial qualities, which are visible in the structure of its carceral estate. The case study exemplifies how islands can hardly be interpreted as isolated units, given that their histories and geographies have implications that extend far beyond their coasts. In the case of Sardinia, the island combines modern penitentiaries with dynamics reminiscent of previous periods in the history of punishment, specifically penal colonies and convict transportation. This case study illustrates the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach that is willing to question the conceptual categories adopted, particularly those of island, prison and colony. The article examines how research on incarceration and insularity has moved beyond previous paradigms that focused on confinement and isolation. It then applies the insights from the literature to the case study of Sardinia, a large Mediterranean island that has historically served a key role in the Italian prison system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air transportation is a mode of transport developed specifically to provide access to long-distance destinations that may otherwise be infeasible or at least more difficult to reach. Accordingly, there are distinct aspects of air travel that require consideration when assessing accessibility by air transportation, which are not addressed in general local accessibility studies. This paper reviews studies of accessibility by air transportation. The studies in question were published in academic journals, and we analysed them using the broad theoretical framework of accessibility of Geurs and van Wee [Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: Review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127–140]. We discuss the characteristics of accessibility by air transportation to consider when designing research, as well as trends and knowledge gaps in the existing literature. An important gap is that, while there is a growing interest towards perceived accessibility by air transportation, accessibility measures based on this perspective have not yet been applied yet. Additionally, the literature is largely focused on the transport and land-use components of accessibility as opposed to the individual and temporal components. We finish by discussing the benefits and drawbacks of directly applying conventional accessibility measures for research on accessibility by air transportation, as well as options to modify the temporal component of conventional person-based accessibility measures for better applicability in the air travel context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the impact of the National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP) 2013 on airport development in Nigeria, highlighting improvements in infrastructure and operations. It stresses the importance of policy continuity and effective implementation in the aviation sector, showcasing positive outcomes. The research contributes to development and airport policy studies, offering recommendations for further improvements in airport infrastructure maintenance and development. The document includes various sources on aviation, economic development, and policy implementation, providing insights into the relationship between aviation, economic growth, and policy decisions. [Extracted from the article]

The level of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most important issues today, both professionally and politically, because a lower level of greenhouse gas emission is mandatory for a sustainable economy. Besides industry and households, the transport sector is also responsible for these emissions. For this reason, it may be essential to set up a model with which the amount of CO2 emissions could be estimated or predicted. This article presents a model that examines the extent of economic development and CO2 emissions in European countries. The result is establishing a pattern requiring a longer time series. If the pattern is proven, a clear reassessment of the current relationship between economic development and environmental protection should be made.

This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions --and methods--may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of 'human geographies of the seas'. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian & Latin American Economic History is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper contributes to the robust dialogue in animal geographies by adding a focus on mobilities. Trans-paw-tation establishes a framework for understanding animal mobilities by drawing on a range of epistemological and methodological approaches, all of which aim to better understand animals and their role in the world. It goes on to propose three approaches to trans-paw-tation and the theoretical possibilities of thinking across animal geographies and mobilities: first, by reflecting on the movement of animals and animals' movements in both the historic and contemporary city; second by examining animal policies and the ways in which animals are included and excluded from urban mobilities; and third, by considering the metaphorical and symbolic associations between animals and mobilities. These deliberations are based in South African cities where both animal and transport geographies have been exploited as a mechanism for discrimination and control, and in the postapartheid context, offer opportunities for social and spatial integration. In so doing, this paper moves beyond anthropocentric approaches to mobilities by bringing animal geographies into conversation with African and urban studies and by offering a methodological contribution towards understanding trans-paw-tation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Geographical Systems (JGS) has announced two initiatives to recognize outstanding research published in the journal. The first initiative is the JGS Best Paper Award, which aims to encourage and acknowledge excellent scholarship in the field of GIScience and spatial planning. The second initiative is the Editors' Choice, where the editors select their favorite paper from each issue. The winners of these awards are listed on the journal's website and their papers are made freely accessible for a certain period of time. The 2023 JGS Best Paper Award was given to Luyu Liu, Adam Porr, and Harvey J. Miller for their research on evaluating the reliability of public transit accessibility using real-time data. The paper demonstrates how even small levels of unreliability in transit services can significantly impact accessibility levels, particularly for lower income populations. The paper also promotes open and reproducible research practices. The Editors' Choice for Volume 26(1) is a paper by Chris Jacobs-Crisioni, Ana I. Moreno-Monroy, Mert Kompil, and Lewis Dijkstra, which proposes a sequential approach to estimate school provision, cost, and access using open databases of student counts. The paper provides valuable insights into the balance between cost, access, and residential values in school provision. Both papers are recognized for their significant contributions to the field. [Extracted from the article]

Most U.S. beef packers with multiple plants now openly employ multi‐plant coordination. Using a Salop Circular City framework that includes negotiated and formula pricing, we demonstrate that multi‐plant coordination leads to wider spreads between downstream beef prices and upstream fed cattle prices if multi‐plant coordination markdowns outweigh multi‐plant coordination efficiencies. Taken together with market concentration, geography and transportation costs, and cattle cycles and related beef packer capacity utilization, multi‐plant coordination helps explain persistently wide farm‐to‐wholesale beef price spreads. We find that, as cattle inventories decline, a multi‐plant coordinator will permanently shut down a plant before the same plant run as a separate profit center will shut down, which is consistent with packer behavior in recent years. We also demonstrate that adding a strategically‐located packing plant, owned by an entrant firm, can narrow price spreads. This framework is important for ongoing policy discussions regarding the structure, conduct, and performance of the beef packing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Roadways for People: Rethinking Transportation Planning and Engineering" by Lynn Peterson is a book that challenges traditional transportation planning practices and offers a new approach centered around community engagement and equity. The author argues that transportation planning should prioritize the needs and values of the community rather than relying solely on technical engineering solutions. The book includes case studies, personal reflections, and recommendations for transportation professionals to broaden their perspectives and collaborate with diverse voices. While the book focuses on local community-based planning, the author acknowledges the challenges of implementing this approach within the wider top-down planning system in the United States. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the challenge of integrating high-density housing with public transport services, examining its implementation and equity implications, particularly in Melbourne. It discusses the considerable growth in apartment housing along public transport corridors and evaluates whether public transport services have kept pace with this growth, highlighting disparities in service provision across different areas and the need for further equity assessments.

Of course, social and transport justice is nothing new, but as we learn from scholar Mimi Sheller ([22]) the world we live in is a manifestation of the material and relational outcomes of a colonial, extractive and patriarchal history of mobility and immobility. These conversations have grown to embrace mobility justice as a concept distinct from transport justice and equity (Verlinghieri and Schwanen [30]). While the transdisciplinarity of mobility justice studies has been highlighted, in this issue we seek to make further contributions to how we can approach mobility justice from a geographical position. The theme of this special issue is mobility justice. [Extracted from the article]

Almost 20 years have passed since Viequenses succeeded in their struggle to kick out the US Navy from their island, yet residents have been left stranded facing issues of the dispossession of the island's most poor, alongside slow clean‐up efforts and deteriorating health outcomes. Drawing upon approaches from recent critical transportation geographies, this article uses a mobility justice framework to understand how the afterlives of over 60 years of direct militarised colonial violence continue to repeat through Viequense mobile life. I particularly focus on how Vieques' environmental injustices become mobility injustices through the poor ferry service. The article explores the governance of the maritime transportation service by disentangling its mobile politics, revealing the deeper impacts of coloniality on infrastructures of mobility. I do so through a critical policy analysis of legislative measures, plans, reports and grant proposals prepared by Puerto Rican state authorities from 1999 to 2021. Recognising the close relationship between debt and infrastructural landscapes in Puerto Rico, I use debt as an analytical tool to explain how it is constitutive of mobility regimes on the island. Through this analysis, the article centres on the creation of the Maritime Transportation Authority (ATM) as an institutional actor in charge of Viequense mobilities, detailing how it was enmeshed in fiscal and political tensions that resulted in extreme im/mobilities to its passengers. I find that the struggle for ownership over mobilities is a characteristic of the mobile politics of the ferry service, defined by an unequal power distribution between institutional actors and users, codified by public policies. This demonstrates how multiple dimensions of justice intertwine within mobility politics, aggravating existing environmental injustices into mobility injustices. Drawing upon approaches from recent critical transportation geographies, this article uses a mobility justice framework to understand how the afterlives of over sixty years of direct militarised colonial violence continue to repeat through Viequense mobile life. I particularly focus on how Vieques' environmental injustices become mobility injustices through the poor ferry service. The article explores the governance of the maritime transportation service by disentangling its mobile politics, revealing the deeper impacts of coloniality on infrastructures of mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the automobility norm in Swedish road safety policy and its impact on planning for cycling. The author argues for a change in road safety policy to include broader societal and policy goals. The study compares Swedish road safety policy to Dutch policy and concludes that road safety policy should embrace additional goals, disrupt the discourse around cycling, and address feelings of unsafety and fear. The article highlights the differences in cycling safety policies between Sweden and the Netherlands, with Sweden emphasizing individual protection gear and the Netherlands prioritizing liveability and perceived safety. The text includes a list of references and documents related to traffic safety and cycling policies in both countries. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cities worldwide exhibit a variety of street network patterns and configurations that shape human mobility, equity, health, and livelihoods. This study models and analyzes the street networks of every urban area in the world, using boundaries derived from the Global Human Settlement Layer. Street network data are acquired and modeled from OpenStreetMap with the open‐source OSMnx software. In total, this study models over 160 million OpenStreetMap street network nodes and over 320 million edges across 8,914 urban areas in 178 countries, and attaches elevation and grade data. This article presents the study’s reproducible computational workflow, introduces two new open data repositories of ready‐to‐use global street network models and calculated indicators, and discusses summary findings on street network form worldwide. It makes four contributions. First, it reports the methodological advances of this open‐source workflow. Second, it produces an open data repository containing street network models for each urban area. Third, it analyzes these models to produce an open data repository containing street network form indicators for each urban area. No such global urban street network indicator data set has previously existed. Fourth, it presents a summary analysis of urban street network form, reporting the first such worldwide results in the literature.

This article investigates sexual assault on commuter trains in Tokyo to unravel the folk theorizing that passengers engage in to make sense of sexual violence in the urban commons. Through what everyday conceptual work do commutersconstitute sexual violence on transit systems as a persistent aspect of city life? The discussion identifies national cultural discourses of gender and city crowds as key explanatory categories through which commuters diagnose and grapple with sexual violence on mass transit. Scenes of sexual assault on commuter trains in Tokyo bespeak the need for geographical analysis of stranger violence to articulate itself from the intersections between urban forms and manifestations of the nation in cities. By tracing these social relations on-the-move, the article highlights the value of bringing feminist studies of violence into dialogue with a sociology of urban crowds and critical geographies of public transportation. First, a focus on urban form reveals how the social properties of mass transit mediate violent intimacies between strangers in the city. Second, precisely because violence produces social knowledge by discriminating between people, analysis of sexual assault on public transport enables a more precise conceptualization of the links between passengering and urban social inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the derived demands of wait time, travel time and waiting during travel, the perceived waiting/travel time has been found to exceed the actual waiting/travel time, both in travel and non-travel contexts (Fan et al., [14]; Meng et al., [22]; Pruyn & Smidts, [31]). In the travel behaviour literature, many studies found a negative effect of (self-reported) travel duration on travel satisfaction (e.g., De Vos et al., [9]; Morris & Guerra, [27]), especially when the actual travel time is longer than the ideal travel time (Humagain & Singleton, [18]; Ye et al., [41]). Wait time, travel time, and waiting during travel are closely related time uses that often overlap in how they are perceived, viewed, and/or valued. [Extracted from the article]

We conduct a systematic scoping review of the academic literature concerning pedestrian accessibility. We distinguish "walking accessibility" from the broader topic of "walkability" by two criteria: papers must consider one or more destination type(s), and papers must address the issue of distance or impedance. After searching Web of Science, TRID, and Google Scholar databases and conducting screening, we identify 85 papers meeting these criteria. We organise the literature review according to the four components of accessibility identified by Geurs and van Wee [(2004). Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: Review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127–140]: (1) Land use; (2) transport; (3) temporal; and (4) individual and also add a section on the topic of impedance. Walking accessibility studies address a much greater range of land uses or destination types than is typically found for other modes. The transportation component is relatively undeveloped, as pedestrian infrastructure includes many influential elements not currently tracked in GIS systems. Few studies address the temporal component of walk accessibility, which varies according to climatic and nighttime conditions. Most papers do not account for the significant variation across individual capabilities and preferences regarding walking. We note that developing detailed pedestrian networks is a key first step, as most published analysis is conducted on roadway networks. A second major recommendation is to consider individual variations in walk accessibility across demographic classifications, accounting for varying levels of physical mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) in the mid-2000s provided a new data format for cities to organize and share digital information on their public transport systems. GTFS feeds store geolocated data on public transport networks, including information on routes, stops, timetables, and service levels. The GTFS standard is now widely adopted by thousands of transport authorities and a wide variety of software applications for different purposes, including trip planning, timetable creation and accessibility analysis. Yet, there is still a lack of tools to parse GTFS data when the objective is to analyze the complex spatial and temporal patterns of public transport systems. This paper presents {gtfs2gps}, a new general-purpose computational tool to easily process static GTFS data that allows one to analyze the space–time trajectories of public transport vehicles at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. {gtfs2gps} is an open-source R package that employs parallel computing to convert GTFS feeds from relational text files into a trajectory data table, similar to GPS records, with the timestamps of vehicles in every trip. This paper explains the package functionalities and demonstrates how {gtfs2gps} can be used to articulate key concepts in time geography to explore and visualize the spatial and temporal patterns of public transport networks. We also present a case study looking at how {gtfs2gps} can be used to examine socioeconomic and spatial–temporal inequalities in access to public transport, providing key information to monitor cities' progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. The paper is accompanied by a computational notebook in R Markdown to support reproducibility of the results in this paper and to replicate the analysis for other contexts where GTFS data are available. Given the widespread use of GTFS, {gtfs2gps} opens new possibilities for researchers to examine the time geography of public transport systems in urban areas across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Bulletin of National Mining University is the property of National Mining University, State Higher Educational Institution and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kollataja w Krakowie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of streets equipped with lighting is of great importance, so the researcher aims to introduce a new topic that was not previously discussed, especially with regard to lighting within the private spaces in the streets of the city of Ramadi, keeping pace with the development and increasing demand for interior design and its importance, and setting correct scientific foundations and standards for choosing the correct lighting method within the framework of A holistic and integrative vision, starting with design thinking, they went through choosing the type of lighting devices appropriate to the nature of the space and their compatibility and integration with the design, to avoid negative and environmental effects that do not live up to public taste and do not perform their role aesthetically and functionally as required, and the lack of specialized studies in the field of lighting, especially in the streets of the city of Ramadi It highlights the importance of lighting Industrial and its role within cities. The test of the normal distribution of distances was used, and the test result shown on it showed that the distances are not subject to this distribution, and therefore their determination is random, the amount of dispersion in the residual values, where the presence indicates a large extremism in some rates, which negatively affects the result of the model and this is clear Cs.

Describing travel patterns and identifying significant locations is a crucial area of research in transportation geography and social dynamics. Our study aims to contribute to this field by analyzing taxi trip data from Chengdu and New York City. Specifically, we investigate the probability density distribution of trip distance in each city, which enables us to construct long- and short-distance trip networks. To identify critical nodes within these networks, we employ the PageRank algorithm and categorize them using centrality and participation indices. Furthermore, we explore the factors that contribute to their influence and observe a clear hierarchical multi-centre structure in Chengdu's trip networks, while no such phenomenon is evident in New York City's. Our study provides insight into the impact of trip distance on important nodes within trip networks in both cities and serves as a reference for distinguishing between long and short taxi trips. Our findings also reveal substantial differences in network structures between the two cities, highlighting the nuanced relationship between network structure and socio-economic factors. Ultimately, our research sheds light on the underlying mechanisms shaping transportation networks in urban areas and offers valuable insights into urban planning and policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an interdisciplinary research field of rural geography and transport geography, the research of rural transport geography has gradually attracted the attention of scholars in China and overseas in recent years. The keyword co-occurrence analysis and burst detection analysis by CiteSpace software were adopted to explore the research hotspot and frontier of rural transport geography, and the research progress and trend were summarized. The results show that accessibility is the research hotspot in China and overseas, including macro spatial pattern analysis and micro travel behavior analysis; transport poverty has become the research frontier of Chinese literature, while equity and service of rural transport has become the research frontier of overseas literature. Currently, there has been some research progress about the spatial pattern, regional effects, and planning and policy of rural transport; however, due to the slow rural transport development and limited rural transport data, the attention and influence of rural transport geography research is weak. In future, under the background of rural revitalization strategy, based on regional system theory of rural man-land relations, the systematic analysis of the development laws of rural transportation system, the in-depth study on the interaction between rural transportation and other elements, and the combination of macro spatial-temporal pattern analysis and micro mechanism explanation is necessary for its theory development and practice exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación is the property of Grupo Compas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "In memoriam M. John Hodgson 1942–2024" from the Canadian Geographer pays tribute to the late M. John Hodgson, a respected scholar and mentor in the field of Geography. Born in Louisiana in 1942, Hodgson received his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto and had a distinguished career at the University of Alberta until his retirement in 2005. Known for his leadership, innovative research in geographical information systems, and dedication to mentoring students, Hodgson's impact on the academic community and his personal qualities are fondly remembered by colleagues and students alike. His legacy as a scholar and mentor continues to inspire those who knew him. [Extracted from the article]

"The Americanization of the Apocalypse: Creating America's Own Bible" by Donald Harman Akenson is a book that explores the origins and spread of dispensationalism, a form of End Times theology, among white evangelicals in the United States. Akenson traces the development of this theology from a radical minority in the Church of Ireland in the early nineteenth century to its adoption and adaptation in cities in the northern United States. The book highlights the role of the Scofield Reference Bible, published by Oxford University Press, in popularizing dispensationalism. Akenson's research is based on extensive archival work and offers a compelling account of the migration of ideas and the influence of individuals in shaping religious beliefs. [Extracted from the article]

Background: This research takes the six provinces around Hubei Province where the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as the research area, collected the number of cumulative confirmed cases (NCCC) in the first four weeks after the lockdown to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics, and to identify its influencing factors by correlation and regression analysis, finally providing reference for epidemic prevention and control policy. Methods: The analysis of variance was used to test the spatiotemporal variability of the NCCC in the six provinces, the Pearson coefficient was taken to find the correlation relationship between the NCCC and multiple factor data in socio-economic, geography and transportation, and the following regression equation was obtained based on regression analysis. Results: This study found that there is significant spatial variability in the NCCC among the six provinces and the significant influencing factors are changing along the four weeks. The NCCC in Shaanxi and Chongqing in the West was less than that in the other four provinces, especially in Shaanxi in the northwest, which was significantly different from the four provinces in the East, and has the largest difference with adjacent Henan province (792 cases). Correlation analysis shows that the correlation coefficient of the number of main pass is the largest in the first week, the correlation coefficient of the length of road networks is the largest in the second week, and the NCCC in the third and fourth week is significantly correlated with the average elevation. For all four weeks, the highest correlation coefficient belongs to the average elevation in the third week (r = 0.943, P = 0.005). Regression analysis shows that there is a multiple linear regression relationship between the average elevation, the number of main pass and the NCCC in the first week, there is no multiple linear regression relationship in the second week. The following univariate regression analysis shows that the regression equations of various factors are different. And, there is a multiple linear regression relationship between the average elevation, the length of road networks and the NCCC in the third and fourth week, as well as a multiple linear regression relationship between the average elevation, population and the confirmed cases in the fourth week. Conclusion: There are significant spatial differences in the NCCC among the six provinces and the influencing factors varied in different weeks. The average elevation, population, the number of main pass and the length of road networks are significantly correlated with the NCCC. The average elevation, as a geographical variable, affects the two traffic factors: the number of main pass and the length of road networks. Therefore, the NCCC is mainly related to the factor categories of flow and access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation is a prominent human activity that shapes space and is also affected by space. Transportation activities, which cover all kinds of spatial connections and mutual relations, are also an important part of the natural landscape as they leave visible impacts on the earth’s surface. Transportation, which shapes space, plays an active role in the formation of landscape similarities and differences. For this reason, transportation has been one of the areas of interest of geography. In this study, the density and capacity of transportation activities in Denizli are revealed from a geographical perspective. After briefly mentioning the historical background of transportation systems, the transportation geography of Denizli was examined with the statistical information obtained from various institutions. Attention has been drawn to the geographical factors affecting the transportation systems of railways, highways, and airlines. Despite the increasing transportation technologies, it has been understood that physical factors continue to be effective on transportation systems of Denizli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we determine a welfare-optimal investment strategy for bicycle networks while considering the joint impact of travel time savings and induced demand throughout the investment horizon. The paper extends an expansion strategy with fixed demand recently published in Paulsen and Rich (2023). Accommodating induced demand requires that we can express how expansions of the network affect demand through changes in travel time, and also how demand contributes to the net present value function due to accumulated health and travel time savings. It is shown how the net present value function can be approximated through approximations of demand and consumer surplus functions enabling optimisation on a large scale. This process is formulated as a sequence of binary mathematical programs spanning the entire period. We test the approach by applying it to a large-scale network of Cycle Superhighways for Greater Copenhagen. It is demonstrated that the optimised infrastructure investment plan renders benefit–cost ratios exceeding 10 and that accounting for demand effects in the optimisation increases the societal net present value by more than 15% while also changing the geographical structure of the invested network. The paper emphasises the significance of approaching infrastructure investment strategies from a dynamic perspective instead of relying on static evaluations, which is the predominant practice in practical planning. • A method for maximising welfare when expanding bicycle networks under induced demand. • Incorporates health benefits in the optimisation through induced demand. • Enhanced approximations utilising intermediate network updates proposed and evaluated. • Large-scale case study on expanding the Greater Copenhagen cycle superhighway network. • Proposed strategies increase net present value by hundreds of millions of euros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice addresses grammatical errors in the article "The urban motorcycle taxi sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: needs, practices and equity issues" by F Owino et al. The updated text highlights the lack of concern for changing the culture surrounding motorcycle taxis, despite individual benefits derived from them. Additionally, a citation error has been rectified by replacing "Inuwa et al. (2017)" with "Diaz Olvera et al. (2016)" and adding the complete reference to the list. [Extracted from the article]

Today, the classic means of transport of the environmental alliance (public transport PT, biking, walking) in inner cities are also supplemented by sharing offers such as bike sharing or electrically operated e-car and e-scooter sharing. On the one hand, e-scooters and other micro-mobility services should be considered as part of the public transport system: They cover mobility needs on the first and last mile between home/destination and public transport stop just like bicycle or walking. Keywords: Mobility behavior; mode choice; transport; Covid-19 pandemic; E-Scooter; micromobility EN Mobility behavior mode choice transport Covid-19 pandemic E-Scooter micromobility 369 399 31 11/23/22 20221201 NES 221201 1 Policy background Mobility and transport shape our normal everyday lives, whether it's the daily commute to work, shopping, leisure and holiday trip. Individual transport users continued to use cars or bicycles to a larger extent, while public transport users and multimodal users avoided or changed their routines more often due to infection risks in trains, in public transport or on flights (DLR, 2020b). Due to the currently reported generally low willingness and small numbers of users, the e-scooters do not seem to substitute public transport journeys, but rather to be used as a possibility for travelling to and from the public transport stop or for spontaneous leisure trips. [Extracted from the article]

Amaphela , meaning cockroach in isiXhosa, are a form of paratransit that provide township dwellers in Cape Town, South Africa with flexible, inexpensive and relatively comfortable transportation in combination with other formalised and semi-formalised services. While this shared mobility practice has received scant attention through the lens of paratransit and transportation geographies, amaphela have completely evaded analysis through the lens of mobility studies. The flexibility and informality of amaphela services can be understood through both utopian or dystopian lenses: It can be seen as a threat to order, formality, safety and reliability in the modern South African city; or it can be celebrated for the unique and creative ways that they negotiate township space while serving the public through flexible and affordable demand-driven service. This paper concludes that amaphela services in Cape Town thrive in an intermediate zone of adaptive infrastructure and governance to fulfil their mobility role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This commentary reflects on the pandemic commute and its significance for, on one hand, engaging with the problematic category of essential work, and on the other, future geographical research on transport and mobilities. Drawing on essential workers' contributions to the 'Not working from home' public engagement project, I outline some experiences of commuting during the COVID‐19 pandemic. I illustrate the role of pandemic commuting in defining, and wrestling with, what the category of essential work might mean. I then discuss the ways in which attending to pandemic commutes may extend and reshape existing research on unequal mobilities. Some of the future research directions made more urgent by a focus on pandemic commutes include critical engagements with: first, intersectional inequalities in the journey to work; second, the category of 'essential journeys' as used in transport policy and practice; third, the positionality of academic researchers who work on the topic of commuting; and finally, the treatment of commuting time as an integral part of working time. Essential workers' commutes during the COVID‐19 pandemic presented new challenges and amplified existing ones. The Not Working from Home public engagement project documented some of them. Pandemic commutes should shape future research on commuting and inequality within transport geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic jams have become a phenomenon that all areas of Baghdad suffer from in general and the study area in particular, as it is characterized by a very high population density, as its population (Al-Sadr City is 5 million people), this percentage is very high and the various activities that it entails, whether at the commercial, governmental, educational or health levels, and the movement of those activities requires movement It reflects the daily traffic volume of the roads in it, which creates a stifling problem, or traffic jams, if the roads and intersections do not accommodate the volumes of traffic passing by. Proceeding from the plan of the Municipality of Baghdad to improve the performance of the transport network in Baghdad and make this network comparable to its counterparts in the capitals of developed countries, by converting most of the main intersections in Baghdad into bridges to ensure the continuity of the drainage of traffic volumes and reduce the use of traffic lights. Therefore, the Municipality of Baghdad contracted with The competent authorities to implement a bridge intersection in Sadr City for the intersection of Al-Dakhil Street with Al-Quds Street instead of the current intersection, which suffers from severe traffic jams, if the service level is less than F, which is the worst level of service. Which represents the subject of the research, which is concerned with studying the intersection in terms of its importance, its geographical location, traffic volumes, determining the peak hours, conducting an analysis of the current operating conditions, and finding future volumes for the design period of the proposed bridge, which is the target year 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of studies on accessibility, this article proposes to address the conditions offered by public transportation -- understood as a structure of opportunities that provides access to urban goods and services--, taking the Greater Buenos Aires as spatial universe. Based on a Google tool that collects data from the public transport network in its multiple modes, an indicator is constructed (travel time to the city center) which allows working on a metropolitan scale and, at the same time, provide an account of the microspatial differentials configured within it, in a cross talk with urban expansion processes and the patterns of socio-economic spatial distribution. Thus, it is observed that the unequal way in which public transport networks are distributed configures a restrictive structure of opportunities for the population residing in peripheral areas of the agglomerate and in the interstices of its growth axes, contributing to the reproduction of socio-spatial inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is it like to see like a guerrilla? This article studies hundreds of kilometers of roads and paths that the Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces built -or helped build- in order to understand the logic of rebel mobility and logistics, and to shed light on how rebels see and intervene a territory in the context of a prolonged asymmetrical conflict. Departing from the tradition that sees infrastructure as a univocal tool of state power, this article supports recent scholarship in stressing that infrastructure is a means to the creation of political orders used not only by states but also by insurgent actors. Yet given that the FARC did not only use the infrastructure built by others, but also actively built and sponsored it , the case offers a unique opportunity to observe how the logistic needs of such insurgency shapes a distinctive geography and materiality of transportation. We argue that the organizational development, the strategic goals, and the tactical innovation of the FARC forced the rebel group to find methods of long-distance transportation. This was achieved through two innovations: the mobility corridors and the situation maps. These in turn resulted in an infrastructure network that had the following characteristics: 1) it was web-like instead of hierarchical, 2) it connected peripheral areas from within rather than following a center-periphery logic, 3) it was often short-lived instead of permanent, 4) it was irregular instead of straight, and finally, 5) it emerged after territorial control was secured and not before. We find that the infrastructural project of the rebel group had the dual effect of making the territory more legible and penetrable for the insurgents, while also making it more hostile and opaque for the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]