106 results on '"Tassinari R"'
Search Results
2. U and Th content in the Central Apennines continental crust: A contribution to the determination of the geo-neutrinos flux at LNGS
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Coltorti, M., Boraso, R., Mantovani, F., Morsilli, M., Fiorentini, G., Riva, A., Rusciadelli, G., Tassinari, R., Tomei, C., Di Carlo, G., and Chubakov, V.
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- 2011
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3. Adult eczema in Italy: prevalence and associations with environmental factors
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Pesce, G., Marcon, A., Carosso, A., Antonicelli, L., Cazzoletti, L., Ferrari, M., Fois, A. G., Marchetti, P., Olivieri, M., Pirina, P., Pocetta, G., Tassinari, R., Verlato, G., Villani, S., and de Marco, R.
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- 2015
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4. ADIPOSE TISSUE: AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY: P136
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Olivi, E., Cantoni, S., Bianchi, F., Frascari, I., Bonavita, F., Vaccari, V., Tassinari, R., Cavallini, C., and Ventura, C.
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- 2009
5. P17-29 Development of innovative rodent models to mimic gender-affirming hormone therapies for hazard identification of transgender people: preliminary data
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Tassinari, R., Tammaro, A., Lori, G., Martinelli, A., Cancemi, L., Frassanito, P., Montrucchio, F., and Maranghi, F.
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- 2022
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6. P02-07 Integrated approach to evaluate (immuno)toxicity of BDE-47 in female Balb-c mice
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Maranghi, F., Tassinari, R., Tait, S., Barletta, B., Cinzia, B., Silvia, C., Colombo, P., Longo, A., Longo, V., and Di Felice, G.
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- 2022
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7. Reproductive health of transgender people: development and improvement of animal models and evaluation of the impact of environmental chemicals
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Tassinari, R. and Maranghi, F.
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- 2021
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8. Stem waves for tissue healing
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Ventura, C., Cavallini, C., Tassinari, R., Olivi, E., and Taglioli, V.
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- 2018
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9. Dietary exposure of juvenile female mice to polyhalogenated seafood contaminants (HBCD, BDE-47, PCB-153, TCDD): Comparative assessment of effects in potential target tissues.
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Maranghi, F., Tassinari, R., Moracci, G., Altieri, I., Rasinger, J.D., Carroll, T.S., Hogstrand, C., Lundebye, A.-K., and Mantovani, A.
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DIETARY supplements , *LABORATORY mice , *COMPARATIVE studies , *POLLUTANTS , *LIVER diseases , *SPLEEN diseases , *FISH oils , *SERUM - Abstract
Highlights: [•] At the low observed adverse effect levels, effects and targets of four test contaminants in juvenile female mice are comparable. [•] Each compound caused adverse changes in liver, thymus and thyroid; spleen was affected by BDE-47 and PCB-153. [•] Effects on sex steroid serum levels are seen in response to HBCD, BDE-47 and TCDD. [•] Based on the parameters assessed, the main toxicity targets are comparable between juvenile and adult mice. [•] Additive effects should be considered; test contaminants elicited similar effects and may be all present in oily fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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10. Effects of the food contaminant semicarbazide following oral administration in juvenile Sprague–Dawley rats
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Maranghi, F., Tassinari, R., Lagatta, V., Moracci, G., Macrì, C., Eusepi, A., Di Virgilio, A., Scattoni, M.L., and Calamandrei, G.
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BABY food contamination , *AZODICARBONAMIDE , *LABORATORY rats , *FOOD handling , *BODY weight , *WEIGHT gain , *TOXICITY testing , *BIOMINERALIZATION , *STANDARD deviations - Abstract
Abstract: Semicarbazide (SEM) is an azodicarbonamide by-product present in glass jar packaged foods including babyfoods, in bleaching steps and flour treatment. Experimental data showed SEM acting as osteolathyrogen agent, but few toxicological data are available in susceptible life-stages. This study aimed to evaluate effects of SEM oral administration for 28 days at 0, 40, 75, 140mg/kg bw day during the juvenile period in Sprague–Dawley rats. Histopatological examinations of: epiphyseal cartilage – potential target of SEM lathyrogen action - testes, ovary, uterus, thyroid, thymus, spleen, adrenals, representative of the main developing organs relevant to juvenile toxicity, and neurobehavioural tests in males, were performed. Mortality at high and mid dose levels and significantly decreased body weight gain were observed in males even at the lowest dose. Lack of mineralization in cartilage at all dose levels was present. Marked alterations of spontaneous motor and exploratory behaviours were evident even at 40mg/kg. Histological alterations were observed in all tissues; thyroid and ovary effects were present also at 40mg/kg. The present study indicate that the NOAEL in juvenile rats is lower than 40mg/kg for SEM oral administration. SEM administration during juvenile period exerted pleiotropic effects and further studies are suggested to elucidate mechanisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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11. Nephelinitic to Tholeiitic Magma Generation in a Transtensional Tectonic Setting: an Integrated Model for the Iblean Volcanism, Sicily.
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Beccaluva, L., Siena, F., Coltorti, M., Grande, A. Di, Giudice, A. Lo, Macciotta, G., Tassinari, R., and Vaccaro, C.
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MAGMATISM ,PLATE tectonics ,NEPHELINITE ,THOLEIITE ,VOLCANISM - Abstract
The Pliocene–Pleistocene volcanism of the Iblean area developed along a NE–SW lithospheric wrench fault system with a wide range of basic magmas from qz tholeiites to nephelinites. Incompatible element patterns, gradually increasing from tholeiites to nephelinites, share geochemical characteristics with within-plate sodic magmas, and show analogies to HIMU and, to a lesser extent, EM II ocean-island basalts (OIB), in agreement with their isotopic signatures: 87Sr/86Sr 0.70271–0.70302 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.51325–0.51299 for subalkaline and 87Sr/86Sr 0.70287–0.70327 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.51302–0.51291 for alkaline lavas. An integrated petrogenetic model based on phase equilibria, major and trace element compositions and geothermobarometry of lavas and included mantle xenoliths leads to the following constraints: (1) most of the magmas were generated within spinel peridotite facies lithospheric mantle from progressively deeper sources (30 to ∼90 km depth), with concomitant decrease in the degree of melting (from 30 to 3%), which is positively correlated with MgO content from tholeiites to nephelinites; (2) alkalinity and incompatible element contents are controlled by the degree of partial melting and source enrichment related to asthenospheric metasomatizing melts or fluids infiltrating depleted lithospheric mantle; (3) mantle sources have to be lherzolites bearing metasomatic amphibole ± phlogopite for tholeiites (S1), alkali basalts and basanites (S2), and clinopyroxene-rich lherzolites (or even wehrlites) bearing amphibole + phlogopite + carbonatitic metasomatic components for nephelinites (S3); the Sr–Nd isotopic differences between alkaline and sub-alkaline lavas are consistent with a strong alkali-silicate ± carbonatitic metasomatism of the deepest lithospheric mantle sources, and with a less intensive enrichment, only by alkali-silicate agents, of the upper lithospheric mantle; (4) melting processes appear to be controlled by the high geothermal gradient in the area (close to the hydrated mantle solidus) and are probably triggered by local decompression effects related to the lithospheric transtensive fault system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1998
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12. Histopathological effects on target organ maturation in juvenile female mice upon exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, PCB-153, PBDE-47 or HBCD through a salmon-based diet
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Tassinari, R., Maranghi, F., Moracci, G., Rasinger, J.D., Carroll, T.S., Hogstrand, C., Haave, M., Lundebye, A.K., Mantovani, A., and Macrì, A.
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- 2009
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13. Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to ethylenethiourea (ETU) in Sprague–Dawley rats: Preliminary data on pregnancy and early post natal development
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Tassinari, R., Moracci, G., Macrì, C., A.-D’Ambrosio, Marcoccia, D., Eusepi, A., Virgilio, A.Di, Olivieri, A., De Angelis, S., Mantovani, A., and Maranghi, F.
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- 2007
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14. P10: Histopathological effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, PCB-153, PBDE-47, and HBCD administered in a salmon-based diet to juvenile female balb/c mice.
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Maranghi, F., Moracci, G., Tassinari, R., Rasinger, J.D., Carroll, T.S., Hogstrand, C., Haave, M., Lundebye, A.K., Mantovani, A., and Macrì, A.
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- 2009
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15. Diverging trends of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits between 1998 and 2010
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Accordini Simone, Corsico Angelo Guido, Cerveri Isa, Antonicelli Leonardo, Attena Francesco, Bono Roberto, Casali Lucio, Ferrari Marcello, Fois Alessandro, Marchetti Pierpaolo, Pirina Pietro, Tassinari Roberta, Verlato Giuseppe, and de Marco Roberto
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Allergic rhinitis ,Asthma ,Chronic bronchitis ,Cigarette smoking ,Epidemiology ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background No study has been carried out on the time trend in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) in recent years, despite its clinical and epidemiological relevance. We evaluated the trend in CB prevalence during the past decade among young Italian adults. Methods A screening questionnaire was mailed to general population samples of 20–44 year-old subjects in two cross-sectional surveys: the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998/2000; n = 18,873, 9 centres) and the screening stage of the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007/2010; n = 10,494, 7 centres). CB was defined as having cough and phlegm on most days for a minimum of 3 months a year and for at least 2 successive years. The prevalence rates and the risk ratios (RRs) for the association between CB and each potential predictor were adjusted for gender, age, season of response, type of contact, cumulative response rate, and centre. Results CB prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 12.1-12.9%) in 1998/2000 and 12.6% (95% CI: 11.7-13.7%) in 2007/2010; it increased among never smokers (from 7.6 to 9.1%, p = 0.003), current light smokers ( Conclusions Despite the significant reduction in current smoking, CB prevalence did not vary among young Italian adults. The temporal pattern of CB prevalence can only be partly explained by the increase of unemployment/premature retirement, asthma and allergic rhinitis, and suggests that other factors could have played a role.
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- 2013
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16. Immobilization of d-amino acid oxidase from different yeasts: Characterization and application in the deamination of cephalosporin C
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Golini, P., Bianchi, D., Battistel, E., Cesti, P., and Tassinari, R.
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- 1995
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17. Immobilization of glutaryl-7-ACA acylase on aminoalkylated polyacrylic supports
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Bianchi, D., Golini, P., Bortolo, R., Battistel, E., Tassinari, R., and Cesti, P.
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- 1997
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18. Catalytic n-butane oxidation activity and physicochemical characterization of vanadium-phosphorus oxides with variable [formula omitted] ratio
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Garbassi, F., Bart, J.C.J., Tassinari, R., Vlaic, G., and Lagarde, P.
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- 1986
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19. Recycling of construction and demolition waste materials: a chemical–mineralogical appraisal
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Bianchini, G., Marrocchino, E., Tassinari, R., and Vaccaro, C.
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WASTE recycling , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *LEGISLATIVE bills , *RECLAMATION of land - Abstract
Abstract: Building activity is currently demanding remarkable amounts of inert materials (such as gravel and sand) that are usually provided by alluvial sediments. The EU directives and Italian Legislation are encouraging the re-use of construction and demolition waste provided by continuous urban redevelopment. The re-utilisation of building waste is a relatively new issue for Italy: unfortunately the employment of recycled inert materials is still limited to general bulk and drainage fills, while a more complete re-evaluation is generally hampered by the lack of suitable recycling plants. In this paper, chemical–mineralogical characterization of recycled inert materials was carried out after preliminary crushing and grain-size sorting. XRF and XRD analysis of the different grain-size classes allowed us to recognise particular granulometric classes that can be re-utilised as first-order material in the building activity. Specifically, the presented chemical–mineralogical appraisal indicates that the recycled grain-size fraction 0.6–0.125 mm could be directly re-employed in the preparation of new mortar and concrete, while finer fractions could be considered as components for industrial processing in the preparation of cements and bricks/tiles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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20. Systems biology investigation of the mechanisms of brominated flame retardant neurotoxicity
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Hogstrand, C., Carroll, T.S., Rasinger, J.D., Reffatto, V., Lundebye, A.K., Haave, M., Tassinari, R., Altieri, I., Maranghi, F., Moracci, G., Patriarca, P., Mantovani, A., Menditto, A., and Macrì, A.
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- 2010
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21. Mechanotransduction, cellular biophotonic activity, and signaling patterns for tissue regeneration.
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Cavallini C, Olivi E, Tassinari R, and Ventura C
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Signaling molecules exhibit mechanical oscillations, entailing precise vibrational directionalities. These steering signatures have profound functional implications, and are intimately connected with the onset of molecular electric oscillations and biophoton emission. We discuss biophotonic activity as a form of endogenous photobiomodulation, orchestrating the mechano-sensing/-transduction in signaling players. We focus on exogenous photobiomodulation in the form of pulsed wave modulation of selected light wavelengths to direct endogenous biophotonic activity and molecular cellular dynamics. We highlight the relevance of this strategy to target and reprogram the developmental potential of tissue resident stem cells in damaged tissues, affording a precision regenerative medicine without the needs for cell or tissue transplantation., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest All authors declare no competing and no financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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22. BMP7 promotes cardiomyocyte regeneration in zebrafish and adult mice.
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Bongiovanni C, Bueno-Levy H, Posadas Pena D, Del Bono I, Miano C, Boriati S, Da Pra S, Sacchi F, Redaelli S, Bergen M, Romaniello D, Pontis F, Tassinari R, Kellerer L, Petraroia I, Mazzeschi M, Lauriola M, Ventura C, Heermann S, Weidinger G, Tzahor E, and D'Uva G
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- Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I metabolism, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I genetics, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myocardial Infarction metabolism, Myocardial Infarction pathology, Neuregulin-1 metabolism, Neuregulin-1 genetics, Signal Transduction, Smad5 Protein metabolism, Zebrafish Proteins metabolism, Zebrafish Proteins genetics, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 metabolism, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 genetics, Cell Proliferation, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Regeneration, Zebrafish metabolism
- Abstract
Zebrafish have a lifelong cardiac regenerative ability after damage, whereas mammals lose this capacity during early postnatal development. This study investigated whether the declining expression of growth factors during postnatal mammalian development contributes to the decrease of cardiomyocyte regenerative potential. Besides confirming the proliferative ability of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), interleukin (IL)1b, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), insulin growth factor (IGF)2, and IL6, we identified other potential pro-regenerative factors, with BMP7 exhibiting the most pronounced efficacy. Bmp7 knockdown in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and loss-of-function in adult zebrafish during cardiac regeneration reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation, indicating that Bmp7 is crucial in the regenerative stages of mouse and zebrafish hearts. Conversely, bmp7 overexpression in regenerating zebrafish or administration at post-mitotic juvenile and adult mouse stages, in vitro and in vivo following myocardial infarction, enhanced cardiomyocyte cycling. Mechanistically, BMP7 stimulated proliferation through BMPR1A/ACVR1 and ACVR2A/BMPR2 receptors and downstream SMAD5, ERK, and AKT signaling. Overall, BMP7 administration is a promising strategy for heart regeneration., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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23. Deer antler stem cell niche: An interesting perspective.
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Cavallini C, Olivi E, Tassinari R, Zannini C, Ragazzini G, Marcuzzi M, Taglioli V, and Ventura C
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In recent years, there has been considerable exploration into methods aimed at enhancing the regenerative capacity of transplanted and/or tissue-resident cells. Biomaterials, in particular, have garnered significant interest for their potential to serve as natural scaffolds for cells. In this editorial, we provide commentary on the study by Wang et al , in a recently published issue of World J Stem Cells , which investigates the use of a decellularized xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from antler stem cells for repairing osteochondral defects in rat knee joints. Our focus lies specifically on the crucial role of biological scaffolds as a strategy for augmenting stem cell potential and regenerative capabilities, thanks to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment (niche). Stem cell differentiation heavily depends on exposure to intrinsic properties of the ECM, including its chemical and protein composition, as well as the mechanical forces it can generate. Collectively, these physicochemical cues contribute to a bio-instructive signaling environment that offers tissue-specific guidance for achieving effective repair and regeneration. The interest in mechanobiology, often conceptualized as a form of "structural memory", is steadily gaining more validation and momentum, especially in light of findings such as these., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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24. The environmental pollutant BDE-47 modulates immune responses in invitro and in vivo murine models.
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Barletta B, Corinti S, Maranghi F, Tait S, Tassinari R, Martinelli A, Longo A, Longo V, Colombo P, Di Felice G, and Butteroni C
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- Mice, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Hemocyanins, Interleukin-6, Immunity
- Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widespread in the environment and biological samples. Its association with health risks is an increasing concern, yet information on BDE-47 immunotoxicity remains limited. This study investigated the impact of BDE-47 on innate and adaptive immune responses through in vitro and in vivo approaches. BDE-47's capacity to directly induce cell responses and modulate responses induced by known stimuli was studied in vitro using the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and spleen-derived lymphocytes, and in vivo using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-immunized BALB/c mice orally administered (28 d) at dose levels (7.5, 15.0 and 30 mg/kg/bw/d) derived from relevant toxicokinetic data from rodent models. RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposed to BDE-47 exhibited unchanged cell viability but decreased release of interleukin (IL)-6. Primary splenocytes from naïve mice stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies and exposed to BDE-47 showed a significant decrease of IL-17 A and IFNγ production. In vivo data showed that BDE-47 significantly reduced the KLH-specific antibody response. A generally decreasing trend of IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-5 production was observed after in vitro antigen-specific restimulation of spleen cells. Histopathological effects on liver, spleen, small intestine and thyroid were detected at the highest dose in the absence of general toxicity. In addition, the expression of Mm_mir155 and Mm_let7a was induced in livers of exposed mice. The data obtained in this study suggest that exposure to BDE-47 may perturb innate and adaptive immune responses, thus possibly decreasing resistance to bacterial and viral infections., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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25. Correction: Risk assessment of transgender people: implementation of a demasculinizing-feminizing rodent model including the evaluation of thyroid homeostasis.
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Tammaro A, Lori G, Martinelli A, Cancemi L, Tassinari R, and Maranghi F
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- 2024
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26. Risk assessment of transgender people: implementation of a demasculinizing-feminizing rodent model including the evaluation of thyroid homeostasis.
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Tammaro A, Lori G, Martinelli A, Cancemi L, Tassinari R, and Maranghi F
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- Humans, Adult, Male, Female, Rats, Animals, Thyroid Gland, Rodentia, Gender Identity, Semen, Estradiol therapeutic use, Testosterone, Thyrotropin, Transgender Persons
- Abstract
Background: Individuals whose gender identity differs from the biological sex and the social norms are defined as transgender. Sometimes transgender undergo gender affirming hormone therapy, which lasts for the entire life making essential to evaluate its potential long-term effects. Moreover, transgender can represent a susceptible sub-group of population and specific attention is needed in risk assessment, including the development of targeted animal models. Aim of the study is the implementation of a rodent demasculinizing-feminizing model through the setting of appropriate dose of hormone therapy and the selection of specific biomarkers to evaluate the sex transition. Specific attention is paid to thyroid homeostasis due to the close link with reproductive functions. Four male adult rats/group were subcutaneously exposed to three doses plus control of β-estradiol valerate plus cyproterone acetate at: 0.045 + 0.2 (low), 0.09 + 0.2 (medium) and 0.18 + 0.2 (high) mg/dose, five times/week. The doses were selected considering the most recent recommendations for transgender woman. Sperm count, histopathological analysis (testis, liver, thyroid), testosterone, estradiol, triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone serum levels and gene expression of sex dimorphic CYP450 were evaluated., Results: The doses induced feminizing-demasculinizing effects: decreased testosterone serum levels at the corresponding cisgender, increased estradiol, impairment of male reproductive function and reversal of sex-specific CYP liver expression. However, the medium and high doses induced marked liver toxicity and the low dose is considered the best choice, also for long-term studies in risk assessment. The alterations of thyroid indicated follicular cell hypertrophy supported by increased thyroid-stimulating hormone serum levels at the higher doses., Conclusions: The implementation of animal models that mimic the effects of gender affirming hormone therapy is essential for supporting clinical studies in transgender people and filling data gap in order to ensure an appropriate risk assessment and a more accurate, personalized care for transgender people., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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27. Urinary Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations in Children with Obesity: A Case-Control Study.
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Deodati A, Bottaro G, Germani D, Carli F, Tait S, Busani L, Della Latta V, Pala AP, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Gastaldelli A, La Rocca C, and Cianfarani S
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- Humans, Female, Male, Child, Case-Control Studies, Pediatric Obesity urine, Obesity urine, Phenols urine, Benzhydryl Compounds urine, Diethylhexyl Phthalate urine
- Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem. Experimental animal and in vitro studies suggest that the exposure to BPA and phthalates are associated to a higher risk of obesity., Objective: The objective of the study was to determine urinary excretion of bisphenol A and phthalates in obese and normal weight children., Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 122 children. Sixty-six obese children, 36 girls (mean age 8.41 ± 1.27 years), and 30 boys (mean age 8.51 ± 1.33 years) and 56 normal weight children, 27 girls (mean age 7.64 ± 1.49 years), and 29 boys (mean age 7.77 ± 1.56 years) were studied. Urinary BPA and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP) were measured, respectively, by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Individual determinants of exposure were evaluated through "ad hoc" questionnaires., Results: BPA and DEHP metabolites were detectable in obese and normal weight children. Obese girls showed significantly higher BPA concentrations in comparison with normal weight girls (means 10.77, 95% CI = 7.02-16.53 vs. 5.50, 95% CI = 3.93-7.71 μg/g creatinine, respectively, p < 0.02). The first step of DEHP metabolic rate was significantly higher in obese girls compared with controls (p < 0.05). DEHP metabolites correlated significantly with leptin concentrations in obese girls (p < 0.03). A higher risk of obesity was found in children with BPA levels above the median values with the habit to eat food packaged (OR = 11.09, 95% CI = 1.28-95.78)., Conclusions: These findings show that a higher exposure to BPA is associated with the risk of obesity in girls. Further studies are needed to unveil the cause-effect relationship., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2024
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28. Sex-Specific Effects of Short-Term Oral Administration of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Liver and Kidneys of Adult Rats.
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Tassinari R, Tammaro A, Martinelli A, Valeri M, and Maranghi F
- Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO
2 ) nanomaterial is used in several items (implant materials, pills composition, cosmetics, etc.). Although TiO2 is no longer considered safe as a food additive, the general population is exposed daily through different routes, and information is lacking on some aspects of animal and human health. This study evaluated liver and kidney toxicity of food-grade TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) (primary size < 25 nm) in male and female rats that were orally exposed for 5 days to 0, 1, and 2 mg/kg body weight per day (comparable with daily E171 consumption). Selected liver and kidney toxicity endpoints included serum biomarkers, histopathological analysis and expression of osteopontin (SPP1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Although TiO2 NPs are known to affect the gastric mucosa, short-term exposure induced sex-specific effects: general toxicity parameters were predominantly altered in female rats, whereas the liver appeared to be more affected than the kidneys in male rats, which also showed overexpression of NPY and SPP1. In the kidneys, the TiO2 NP effects were quantitatively similar but qualitatively different in the two sexes. In conclusion, careful consideration should be paid to the presence of TiO2 NPs in other items that can lead to human exposure.- Published
- 2023
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29. Endometriosis Treatment: Role of Natural Polyphenols as Anti-Inflammatory Agents.
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Tassinari V, Smeriglio A, Stillittano V, Trombetta D, Zilli R, Tassinari R, Maranghi F, Frank G, Marcoccia D, and Di Renzo L
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- Female, Humans, Quality of Life, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Estrogens therapeutic use, Radiopharmaceuticals, Endometrium pathology, Endometriosis drug therapy, Endometriosis pathology
- Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent common chronic inflammatory disease defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial tissue that promotes pelvic pain and fertility impairment. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, and several not completely understood theories have been proposed to describe its pathogenesis. Indeed, this disease affects women's quality of life and their reproductive system. Conventional therapies for endometriosis treatment primarily focus on surgical resection, lowering systemic levels of estrogen, and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to counteract the inflammatory response. However, although these strategies have shown to be effective, they also show considerable side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of endometriosis; however, to date, only very limited literature is present on this topic. Polyphenols display important anti-endometriotic properties; in particular, they are potent phytoestrogens that in parallel modulates estrogen activity and exerts anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols in the treatment of endometriosis.
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- 2023
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30. Oxytocin Modulates Osteogenic Commitment in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
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Petrocelli G, Abruzzo PM, Pampanella L, Tassinari R, Marini S, Zamagni E, Ventura C, Facchin F, and Canaider S
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- Animals, Humans, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adipocytes, Cell Differentiation, Stem Cells, Cells, Cultured, Mammals, Osteogenesis, Oxytocin pharmacology, Oxytocin metabolism
- Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are commonly harvested in minimally invasive contexts with few ethical concerns, and exhibit self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and trophic signaling that make them attractive candidates for cell therapy approaches. The identification of natural molecules that can modulate their biological properties is a challenge for many researchers. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neurohypophyseal hormone that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mammalian behavior, and is involved in health and well-being processes. Here, we investigated the role of OXT on hASC proliferation, migratory ability, senescence, and autophagy after a treatment of 72 h; OXT did not affect hASC proliferation and migratory ability. Moreover, we observed an increase in SA-β-galactosidase activity, probably related to the promotion of the autophagic process. In addition, the effects of OXT were evaluated on the hASC differentiation ability; OXT promoted osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by Alizarin red staining and gene/protein expression analysis, while it did not affect or reduce adipogenic differentiation. We also observed an increase in the expression of autophagy marker genes at the beginning of the osteogenic process in OXT-treated hASCs, leading us to hypothesize that OXT could promote osteogenesis in hASCs by modulating the autophagic process.
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- 2023
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31. Cytochalasin B Influences Cytoskeletal Organization and Osteogenic Potential of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
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Pampanella L, Abruzzo PM, Tassinari R, Alessandrini A, Petrocelli G, Ragazzini G, Cavallini C, Pizzuti V, Collura N, Canaider S, Facchin F, and Ventura C
- Abstract
Among perinatal stem cells of the umbilical cord, human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) are of great interest for cell-based therapy approaches in regenerative medicine, showing some advantages over other MSCs. In fact, hWJ-MSCs, placed between embryonic and adult MSCs, are not tumorigenic and are harvested with few ethical concerns. Furthermore, these cells can be easily cultured in vitro, maintaining both stem properties and a high proliferative rate for several passages, as well as trilineage capacity of differentiation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that cytoskeletal organization influences stem cell biology. Among molecules able to modulate its dynamics, Cytochalasin B (CB), a cyto-permeable mycotoxin, influences actin microfilament polymerization, thus affecting several cell properties, such as the ability of MSCs to differentiate towards a specific commitment. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of a 24 h-treatment with CB at different concentrations (0.1-3 μM) on hWJ-MSCs. CB influenced the cytoskeletal organization in a dose-dependent manner, inducing changes in cell number, proliferation, shape, and nanomechanical properties, thus promoting the osteogenic commitment of hWJ-MSCs, as confirmed by the expression analysis of osteogenic/autophagy markers.
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- 2023
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32. Risk Assessment of Transgender People: Development of Rodent Models Mimicking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies and Identification of Sex-Dimorphic Liver Genes as Novel Biomarkers of Sex Transition.
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Tassinari R, Tammaro A, Lori G, Tait S, Martinelli A, Cancemi L, Frassanito P, and Maranghi F
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- Male, Humans, Female, Rats, Animals, Gender Identity, Rodentia, Semen, Testosterone, Liver, Risk Assessment, Biomarkers, Transgender Persons
- Abstract
Transgender (TG) describes individuals whose gender identity differs from the social norms. TG people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy (HT) may be considered a sub-group of the population susceptible to environmental contaminants for their targets and modes of action. The aim of this study is to set appropriate HT doses and identify specific biomarkers to implement TG animal models. Four adult rats/group/sex were subcutaneously exposed to three doses of HT (plus control) selected starting from available data. The demasculinizing-feminizing models (dMF) were β-estradiol plus cyproterone acetate, at 0.09 + 0.33, 0.09 + 0.93 and 0.18 + 0.33 mg, respectively, five times/week. The defeminizing-masculinizing models (dFM) were testosterone (T) at 0.45, 0.95 and 2.05 mg, two times/week. Clitoral gain and sperm count, histopathological analysis of reproductive organs and liver, hormone serum levels and gene expression of sex-dimorphic CYP450 were evaluated. In the dMF model, the selected doses-leading to T serum levels at the range of the corresponding cisgender-induced strong general toxicity and cannot be used in long-term studies. In the dFM model, 0.45 mg of T represents the correct dose. In addition, the endpoints selected are considered suitable and reliable to implement the animal model. The sex-specific CYP expression is a suitable biomarker to set proper (de)masculinizing/(de)feminizing HT and to implement TG animal models.
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- 2023
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33. Mechanobiology: A landscape for reinterpreting stem cell heterogeneity and regenerative potential in diseased tissues.
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Tassinari R, Olivi E, Cavallini C, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Marcuzzi M, Fedchenko O, and Ventura C
- Abstract
Mechanical forces play a fundamental role in cellular dynamics from the molecular level to the establishment of complex heterogeneity in somatic and stem cells. Here, we highlight the role of cytoskeletal mechanics and extracellular matrix in generating mechanical forces merging into oscillatory synchronized patterns. We discuss how cellular mechanosensing/-transduction can be modulated by mechanical forces to control tissue metabolism and set the basis for nonpharmacologic tissue rescue. Control of bone anabolic activity and repair, as well as obesity prevention, through a fine-tuning of the stem cell morphodynamics are highlighted. We also discuss the use of mechanical forces in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure through the fine modulation of stem cell metabolic activity and regenerative potential. We finally focus on the new landscape of delivering specific mechanical stimuli to reprogram tissue-resident stem cells and enhance our self-healing potential, without the need for stem cell or tissue transplantation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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34. Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors (Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and Bisphenol A (BPA)) in Women from Different Residing Areas in Italy: Data from the LIFE PERSUADED Project.
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Carli F, Tait S, Busani L, Ciociaro D, Della Latta V, Pala AP, Deodati A, Raffaelli A, Pratesi F, Conte R, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Fabbrizi E, Toffol G, Cianfarani S, La Rocca C, Gastaldelli A, and Life Persuaded Project Group
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- Adult, Humans, Female, Environmental Exposure analysis, Benzhydryl Compounds analysis, Italy, Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Endocrine Disruptors, Phthalic Acids urine
- Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are plasticizers used in many industrial products that can act as endocrine disruptors and lead to metabolic diseases. During the LIFE PERSUADED project, we measured the urinary concentrations of BPA and Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in 900 Italian women representative of the Italian female adult population (living in the north, centre, and south of Italy in both rural and urban areas). The whole cohort was exposed to DEHP and BPA with measurable levels above limit of detection in more than 99% and 95% of the samples, respectively. The exposure patterns differed for the two chemicals in the three macro-areas with the highest urinary levels for DEHP in south compared to central and northern Italy and for BPA in northern compared to central and southern Italy. BPA levels were higher in women living in urban areas, whereas no difference between areas was observed for DEHP. The estimated daily intake of BPA was 0.11 μg/kg per day, about 36-fold below the current temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg per day established by the EFSA in 2015. The analysis of cumulative exposure showed a positive correlation between DEHP and BPA. Further, the reduction of exposure to DEHP and BPA, through specific legislative measures, is necessary to limit the harmfulness of these substances.
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- 2022
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35. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonization propels endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration.
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Pianca N, Sacchi F, Umansky KB, Chirivì M, Iommarini L, Da Pra S, Papa V, Bongiovanni C, Miano C, Pontis F, Braga L, Tassinari R, Pantano E, Patnala RS, Mazzeschi M, Cenacchi G, Porcelli AM, Lauriola M, Ventura C, Giacca M, Rizzi R, Tzahor E, and D'Uva G
- Abstract
In mammals, the physiological activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by glucocorticoids (GCs) promotes the maturation of cardiomyocytes during late gestation, but the effect on postnatal cardiac growth and regenerative plasticity is unclear. Here we demonstrate that the GC-GR axis restrains cardiomyocyte proliferation during postnatal development. Cardiomyocyte-specific GR ablation in conditional knockout (cKO) mice delayed the postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit, hypertrophic growth and cytoarchitectural maturation. GR-cKO hearts showed increased expression of genes involved in glucose catabolism and reduced expression of genes promoting fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Accordingly, oxygen consumption in GR-cKO cardiomyocytes was less dependent on fatty acid oxidation, and glycolysis inhibition reverted GR-cKO effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation. GR ablation or transient pharmacological inhibition after myocardial infarction in juvenile and/or adult mice facilitated cardiomyocyte survival, cell cycle re-entry and division, leading to cardiac muscle regeneration along with reduced scar formation. Thus, GR restrains heart regeneration and may represent a therapeutic target., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2022
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36. Cytochalasin B Modulates Nanomechanical Patterning and Fate in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
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Bianconi E, Tassinari R, Alessandrini A, Ragazzini G, Cavallini C, Abruzzo PM, Petrocelli G, Pampanella L, Casadei R, Maioli M, Canaider S, Facchin F, and Ventura C
- Subjects
- Adipogenesis physiology, Adipose Tissue, Cytochalasin B pharmacology, Humans, Adipocytes, Stem Cells
- Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins provide architectural and signaling cues within cells. They are able to reorganize themselves in response to mechanical forces, converting the stimuli received into specific cellular responses. Thus, the cytoskeleton influences cell shape, proliferation, and even differentiation. In particular, the cytoskeleton affects the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are highly attractive candidates for cell therapy approaches due to their capacity for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. Cytochalasin B (CB), a cyto-permeable mycotoxin, is able to inhibit the formation of actin microfilaments, resulting in direct effects on cell biological properties. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of different concentrations of CB (0.1-10 μM) on human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) both after 24 h (h) of CB treatment and 24 h after CB wash-out. CB influenced the metabolism, proliferation, and morphology of hASCs in a dose-dependent manner, in association with progressive disorganization of actin microfilaments. Furthermore, the removal of CB highlighted the ability of cells to restore their cytoskeletal organization. Finally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that cytoskeletal changes induced by CB modulated the viscoelastic properties of hASCs, influencing their stiffness and viscosity, thereby affecting adipogenic fate.
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- 2022
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37. In Vitro Assessment and Toxicological Prioritization of Pesticide Mixtures at Concentrations Derived from Real Exposure in Occupational Scenarios.
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Tait S, Lori G, Tassinari R, La Rocca C, and Maranghi F
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- Apoptosis, Cell Survival, Humans, Oxidative Stress, Risk Assessment, Occupational Exposure, Pesticides chemistry, Pesticides toxicity
- Abstract
Humans are daily exposed to multiple residues of pesticides with agricultural workers representing a subpopulation at higher risk. In this context, the cumulative risk assessment of pesticide mixtures is an urgent issue. The present study evaluated, as a case study, the toxicological profiles of thirteen pesticide mixtures used for grapevine protection, including ten active compounds (sulfur, potassium phosphonate, metrafenone, zoxamide, cyflufenamid, quinoxyfen, mancozeb, folpet, penconazole and dimethomorph), at concentrations used on field. A battery of in vitro tests for cell viability and oxidative stress endpoints (cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, gene expression of markers for apoptosis and oxidative stress) was performed on two cellular models representative of main target organs of workers' and population exposure: pulmonary A549 and hepatic HepG2 cell lines. All the endpoints provided evidence for effects also at the lower concentrations used. The overall data were integrated into the ToxPI tool obtaining a toxicity ranking of the mixtures, allowing to prioritize effects also among similarly composed blends. The clustering of the toxicological profiles further provided evidence of common and different modes of action of the mixtures. The approach demonstrated to be suitable for the purpose and it could be applied also in other contexts.
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- 2022
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38. Pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silica (NM-203): Genotoxicity in rats following sub-chronic oral exposure.
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Villani P, Eleuteri P, Pacchierotti F, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Narciso L, Tait S, Lori G, Andreoli C, Huet S, Jarry G, Fessard V, and Cordelli E
- Subjects
- Animals, Comet Assay, Female, Male, Micronucleus Tests, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, DNA Damage, Silicon Dioxide toxicity
- Abstract
The genotoxicity of nano-structured synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), a common food additive, was investigated in vivo in rats. A 90-day oral toxicity study was performed according to OECD test guideline 408 and the genotoxicity of pyrogenic SAS nanomaterial NM-203 was assessed in several organs, using complementary tests. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were treated orally for 90 days with 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 mg SAS/kg bw per day. Dose levels were selected to approximate expected human dietary exposures to SAS. DNA strand breaks were evaluated by the comet assay in blood, bone marrow, liver, and spleen according to OECD test guideline 489; mutations induced in bone marrow precursors of erythrocytes were assessed by the Pig-a assay and chromosome/ genome damage by the micronucleus assay in blood (OECD test guideline 474) and colon. No treatment-related increases of gene (Pig-a) or chromosome/genome (micronucleus) mutations were detected in the blood. The percentage of micronucleated cells was not increased in the colon of treated rats. Among the organs analyzed by the comet assay, the spleen was the only target showing a weak but biologically relevant genotoxic effect., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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39. NRG1/ERBB3/ERBB2 Axis Triggers Anchorage-Independent Growth of Basal-like/Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.
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Miano C, Morselli A, Pontis F, Bongiovanni C, Sacchi F, Da Pra S, Romaniello D, Tassinari R, Sgarzi M, Pantano E, Ventura C, Lauriola M, and D'Uva G
- Abstract
ERBB3, also known as HER3, is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor of the ERBB family. Upon binding to neuregulin 1 (NRG1), ERBB3 preferentially dimerizes with HER2 (ERBB2), in turn inducing aggressive features in several cancer types. The analysis of a dataset of breast cancer patients unveiled that higher ERBB3 mRNA expression correlates with shorter relapse-free survival in basal-like breast cancers, despite low ERBB3 expression in this breast cancer subtype. Administration of neuregulin 1 beta (NRG1β) significantly affected neither cellular proliferation nor the basal migratory ability of basal-like/triple-negative quasi-normal MCF10A breast cells, cultured in mono-layer conditions. Furthermore, no significant regulation in cell morphology or in the expression of basal/myoepithelial and luminal markers was observed upon stimulation with NRG1β. In non-adherent conditions, NRG1β administration to MCF10A cells did not significantly influence cell survival; however, it robustly induced cell growth as spheroids (3D growth). Intriguingly, a remarkable upregulation of ERBB3 and ERBB2 protein abundance was observed in 3D compared to 2D cell cultures, and NRG1β-induced 3D cell growth was efficiently prevented by the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody pertuzumab. Similar results were obtained by the analysis of basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer cellular models, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells, in which NRG1β induced anchorage-independent cell growth that in turn was prevented or reduced by the simultaneous administration of anti-HER2 neutralizing antibodies. Finally, the ability of pertuzumab in suppressing NRG1β-induced 3D growth was also evaluated and confirmed in MCF10A engineered with HER2-overexpression. We suggest that the NRG1/ERBB3/ERBB2 pathway promotes the anchorage-independent growth of basal-like breast cancer cells. Importantly, we provide evidence that ERBB2 neutralization, in particular by pertuzumab, robustly inhibits this process. Our results pave the way towards the development of novel anticancer strategies for basal-like breast cancer patients based on the interception of the NRG1/ERBB3/ERBB2 signaling axis.
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- 2022
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40. Cell Responsiveness to Physical Energies: Paving the Way to Decipher a Morphogenetic Code.
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Tassinari R, Cavallini C, Olivi E, Facchin F, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Marcuzzi M, and Ventura C
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- Morphogenesis, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
We discuss emerging views on the complexity of signals controlling the onset of biological shapes and functions, from the nanoarchitectonics arising from supramolecular interactions, to the cellular/multicellular tissue level, and up to the unfolding of complex anatomy. We highlight the fundamental role of physical forces in cellular decisions, stressing the intriguing similarities in early morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and oncogenic drift. Compelling evidence is presented, showing that biological patterns are strongly embedded in the vibrational nature of the physical energies that permeate the entire universe. We describe biological dynamics as informational processes at which physics and chemistry converge, with nanomechanical motions, and electromagnetic waves, including light, forming an ensemble of vibrations, acting as a sort of control software for molecular patterning. Biomolecular recognition is approached within the establishment of coherent synchronizations among signaling players, whose physical nature can be equated to oscillators tending to the coherent synchronization of their vibrational modes. Cytoskeletal elements are now emerging as senders and receivers of physical signals, "shaping" biological identity from the cellular to the tissue/organ levels. We finally discuss the perspective of exploiting the diffusive features of physical energies to afford in situ stem/somatic cell reprogramming, and tissue regeneration, without stem cell transplantation.
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- 2022
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41. Chemical characterization of non-psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. extracts, in vitro antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukaemia cancer cells.
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Anceschi L, Codeluppi A, Brighenti V, Tassinari R, Taglioli V, Marchetti L, Roncati L, Alessandrini A, Corsi L, and Pellati F
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- Apoptosis, Humans, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Cannabidiol chemistry, Cannabidiol pharmacology, Cannabinoids pharmacology, Cannabis chemistry, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive drug therapy
- Abstract
In this study, extracts from non-psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. varieties were characterized by means of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and their antiproliferative activity was assessed in vitro. The human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line K562 was chosen to investigate the mechanism of cell death. The effect on the cell cycle and cell death was analysed by flow cytometry. Proteins related to apoptosis were studied by western blotting. Mechanical properties of cells were assessed using the Micropipette Aspiration Technique (MAT). The results indicated that the cannabidiol (CBD)-rich extract inhibited cell proliferation of K562 cell line in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis via caspase 3 and 7 activation. A significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected, together with the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. The main apoptotic markers were not involved in the mechanism of cell death. The extract was also able to modify the mechanical properties of cells. Thus, this hemp extract and its pure component CBD deserve further investigation for a possible application against myeloproliferative diseases, also in association with other anticancer drugs., (© 2022 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2022
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42. Protective effects of exosomes derived from lyophilized porcine liver against acetaminophen damage on HepG2 cells.
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Tassinari R, Cavallini C, Olivi E, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Ferroni O, and Ventura C
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- Animals, Female, Freeze Drying, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Liver drug effects, Male, Swine, Acetaminophen adverse effects, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury drug therapy, Exosomes
- Abstract
Background: Recently, extracellular vesicles have come to the fore following their emerging role in cell communication, thanks to their ability to reach cells into the human body without dissipating their cargo, transferring biological active molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, etc. They appear as a promising tool in medicine, because of their capability to modulate cellular response in recipient cells. Moreover, a considerable number of publications suggests that exosome uptake is selective but not specific, and it can cross species and cell-type boundaries. This study aims to explore the potential role of porcine liver derived extracellular vesicles, exosomes in particular, to protect human cells from acute damage induced by acetaminophen., Methods: Extracellular vesicles were isolated from porcine lyophilized liver using polymer-based precipitation and a further enrichment was performed using affinity beads. The effects of obtained fractions, total extracellular vesicles and enriched extracellular vesicles, were assessed on human liver derived HepG2 cells. Cell growth and survival were tested, with MTT and area coverage analysis designed by us, as well as protein expression, with immunofluorescence and Western blot. Oxidative stress in live cells was also measured with fluorogenic probes., Results: After proving that porcine extracellular vesicles did not have a toxic effect on HepG2, quite the contrary total extracellular vesicle fraction improved cell growth, we investigated their protective capability with a preconditioning strategy in APAP-induced damage. EVs displayed not only the ability to strongly modulate cell survival responses, but they also were able to boost cell cycle progression., Conclusions: Extracellular vesicles derived from farm animal food derivatives are able to modulate human hepatic cell metabolism, also improving cell survival in a damaged context., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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43. Rodent Model of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies as Specific Tool for Identifying Susceptibility and Vulnerability of Transgender People and Future Applications for Risk Assessment.
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Tassinari R and Maranghi F
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Risk Assessment, Rodentia, Testosterone, Transgender Persons
- Abstract
Transgenders (TGs) are individuals with gender identity and behaviour different from the social norms; they often undergo gender-affirming hormone therapy (HT). HT for TG men involves testosterone treatment and, for TG women, oestrogen plus androgen-lowering agents. Due-but not limited-to the lifelong lasting HT, usually TG people experience several physical and behavioural conditions leading to different and specific susceptibility and vulnerability in comparison to general population, including the response to chemical contaminants present in daily life. In particular, the exposure to the widespread endocrine disrupters (EDs) may affect hormonal and metabolic processes, leading to tissue and organ damage. Since the endocrine system of TG people is overstimulated by HT and, often, the targets overlap with ED, it is reasonable to hypothesize that TG health deserves special attention. At present, no specific tools are available to study the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants, including EDs, and the potential long-term consequences of HT on TG people. In this context, the development of adequate and innovative animal models to mimic gender-affirming HT have a high priority, since they can provide robust data for hazard identification in TG women and men, leading to more reliable risk assessment.
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- 2021
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44. Italian Children Exposure to Bisphenol A: Biomonitoring Data from the LIFE PERSUADED Project.
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Tait S, Carli F, Busani L, Ciociaro D, Della Latta V, Deodati A, Fabbrizi E, Pala AP, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Toffol G, Cianfarani S, Gastaldelli A, La Rocca C, and Life Persuaded Project Group
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Body Weight, Child, Humans, Phenols analysis, Phenols toxicity, Benzhydryl Compounds analysis, Benzhydryl Compounds toxicity, Biological Monitoring
- Abstract
A human biomonitoring (HBM) study on bisphenol A (BPA) in Italian children and adolescents was performed within the LIFE PERSUADED project, considering the residing areas, sex and age. The median urinary BPA level was 7.02 µg/L, with children living in the South of Italy or in urban areas having higher levels than those residing in the North or in rural areas. Children aged 4-6 years had higher BPA levels than those aged 7-10 and 11-14 years, but no differences were detected between sexes. The exposure in Italian children was higher compared to children from other countries, but lower than the HBM guidance value (135 µg/L). The estimated daily intake was 0.17 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day, about 24-fold below the temporary Tolerable Daily Intake of 4 μg/kg bw per day established by the European Food Safety Authority. However, this threshold was exceeded in 1.44% of the enrolled children, raising concern about the overall exposure of Italian young population.
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- 2021
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45. Unveiling the morphogenetic code: A new path at the intersection of physical energies and chemical signaling.
- Author
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Tassinari R, Cavallini C, Olivi E, Taglioli V, Zannini C, and Ventura C
- Abstract
In this editorial, we discuss the remarkable role of physical energies in the control of cell signaling networks and in the specification of the architectural plan of both somatic and stem cells. In particular, we focus on the biological relevance of bioelectricity in the pattern control that orchestrates both developmental and regenerative pathways. To this end, the narrative starts from the dawn of the first studies on animal electricity, reconsidering the pioneer work of Harold Saxton Burr in the light of the current achievements. We finally discuss the most recent evidence showing that bioelectric signaling is an essential component of the informational processes that control pattern specification during embryogenesis, regeneration, or even malignant transformation. We conclude that there is now mounting evidence for the existence of a Morphogenetic Code, and that deciphering this code may lead to unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel paradigms of cure in regenerative and precision medicine., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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46. Effects of sub-chronic oral exposure to pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silica (NM-203) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats: focus on reproductive systems.
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Tassinari R, Cordelli E, Eleuteri P, Villani P, Pacchierotti F, Narciso L, Tait S, Valeri M, Martinelli A, Di Felice G, Butteroni C, Barletta B, Corinti S, Lori G, and Maranghi F
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Comet Assay, Estradiol blood, Female, Gene Expression drug effects, Genitalia drug effects, Genitalia metabolism, Ki-67 Antigen metabolism, Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sperm Count, Testosterone blood, Toxicity Tests, Subchronic, Rats, Silicon Dioxide toxicity
- Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) consists of agglomerates and aggregates of primary particles in the nanorange (<100 nm) and it is the E551 authorized food additive. The potential risks for human health associated to dietary exposure to SAS are not completely assessed; in particular, data on male and female reproductive systems are lacking. A 90-day oral toxicity study with pyrogenic SAS nanomaterial NM-203 was carried out on the basis of the OECD test guideline 408 in the frame of the NANoREG project. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were orally treated for 90 days with 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg SAS/kg bw per day. Dose levels were selected to be as close as possible to the expected human exposure to food additive E551. The present paper provides specific information on potential effects on male and female reproductive systems, through the evaluation of serum biomarkers, sperm count, histopathological analysis of testis, epididymis, ovary and uterus and real-time PCR on uterus; potential genotoxic alterations were evaluated by comet assay on testis, sperm and ovary. NM-203 did not induce histophatological and genotoxic effects in male reproductive system. In female rats, ovary is not target of NM-203 and only tissue-specific effects on uterus were recorded up to 10 mg/kg bw per day. To our best knowledge, this is the first study providing data on male and female reproductive systems after long-term, repeated oral exposure at dose levels close to dietary human exposure, which identifies a limited concern only for female reproductive health., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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47. Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach.
- Author
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Lori G, Tassinari R, Narciso L, Udroiu I, Sgura A, Maranghi F, and Tait S
- Subjects
- Amides, Comet Assay, DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Fungicides, Industrial toxicity, Maneb toxicity, Zineb toxicity
- Abstract
Mancozeb (MZ) and zoxamide (ZOX) are fungicides commonly used in pest control programs to protect vineyards. Their toxic and genotoxic potential were investigated in vitro on HepG2 and A549 cell lines at environmentally relevant concentrations. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), comet assay and a micronucleus test with CREST immunofluorescence were used. The expression of a panel of genes involved in apoptosis/necrosis ( BAX/BCL2 ), oxidative stress ( NRF2 ), drug metabolism ( CYP1A1 ) and DNA repair ( ERCC1/OGG1 ) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Both fungicides were cytotoxic at the highest tested concentrations (295.7 and 463.4 µM, respectively); MZ induced necrosis, ZOX did not increase apoptosis but modulated BAX and BCL2 expression, suggesting a different mechanism. Both compounds did not increase ROS, but the induction of CYP1A1 and NRF2 expression supported a pro-oxidant mechanism. The comet assay evidenced MZ genotoxicity, whereas no DNA damage due to ZOX treatment was observed. Positive micronuclei were increased in both cell lines treated with MZ and ZOX, supporting their aneugenic potential. ERCC1 and OGG1 were differently modulated, indicating the efficient activation of the nucleotide excision repair system by both fungicides and the inhibition of the base excision repair system by MZ. Overall, MZ confirmed its toxicity and new ZOX-relevant effects were highlighted.
- Published
- 2021
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48. Amorphous silica nanoparticles induced spleen and liver toxicity after acute intravenous exposure in male and female rats.
- Author
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Tassinari R, Martinelli A, Valeri M, and Maranghi F
- Subjects
- Administration, Intravenous, Animals, Female, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sex Factors, Tissue Distribution, Liver drug effects, Nanoparticles toxicity, Silicon Dioxide toxicity, Spleen drug effects
- Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanomaterial - consisting of aggregates and agglomerates of primary silicon dioxide (SiO
2 ) particles in the nanorange (<100 nm) - is commonly used as excipient in pharmaceuticals, in cosmetics and as food additive (E551). The available data suggest that SAS nanoparticles (NP) after intravenous (IV) exposure persist in liver and spleen; however, insufficient data exist to verify whether SAS may also induce adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to verify the potential long-term effects of SAS NP (NM-203) on spleen and liver as target organs following short-term exposure. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by IV injection in the tail vein with a single (1-day) dose (SD) and repeated (5-day) doses (RD) of 20 mg/kg bw per day of SAS dispersed in sterile saline solution as vehicle. Histopathological examinations of target organs were performed after 90 days. Tissue biodistribution and full characterization of NM-203, primary particle size 13-45 nm, was performed within the framework of the Nanogenotox project. No mortality or general toxicity occurred; histopathological analysis showed splenomegaly in the RD group accompanied by inflammatory granulomas in both sexes. Granulomas were also present in liver parenchyma in the RD (both sexes) and SD groups (male only). The histopathological results indicated that SAS NP have the potential to persist and induce sex-specific chronic inflammatory lesions in spleen and liver upon short-term treatment. Overall, the data showed that the widespread use of silica in drugs might elicit chronic reactions in spleen and liver prompting to the need of further investigations on the safety of SAS NP.[Formula: see text].- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Toxicological Assessment of Oral Co-Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Juvenile Rats at Environmentally Relevant Dose Levels: Evaluation of the Synergic, Additive or Antagonistic Effects.
- Author
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Tassinari R, Tait S, Busani L, Martinelli A, Valeri M, Gastaldelli A, Deodati A, La Rocca C, Maranghi F, and The Life Persuaded Project Group
- Subjects
- Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds toxicity, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Phenols toxicity, Phthalic Acids, Plasticizers toxicity, Rats, Diethylhexyl Phthalate toxicity, Endocrine Disruptors toxicity
- Abstract
Background: The general population (including children) is exposed to chemical mixtures. Plasticizers such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalates (mainly Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-DEHP) are widespread contaminants classified as endocrine disrupters which share some toxicological profiles and coexist in food and environment., Methods: To identify hazards of DEHP and BPA mixtures, the juvenile toxicity test-where rodents are in peripubertal phase of development, resembling childhood-was selected using exposure data from biomonitoring study in children. Biological activity and potential enhanced and/or reduced toxicological effects of mixtures due to common mechanisms were studied, considering endpoints of metabolic, endocrine and reproductive systems. The degree of synergy or antagonism was evaluated by synergy score calculation, using present data and results from the single compound individually administered., Results: In metabolic system, synergic interaction predominates in female and additive in male rats; in the reproductive and endocrine systems, the co-exposure of BPA and DEHP showed interactions mainly of antagonism type., Conclusions: The present approach allows to evaluate, for all the endpoints considered, the type of interaction between contaminants relevant for human health. Although the mode of action and biological activities of the mixtures are not completely addressed, it can be of paramount usefulness to support a more reliable risk assessment.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Bisphenol A and S in the Urine of Newborns: Plastic for Non-Food Use Still without Rules.
- Author
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Bellisario V, Cocchi E, Tassinari R, Squillacioti G, Musso T, Sottemano S, Zorzi M, Dalmasso P, Coscia A, Medana C, and Bono R
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of bisphenol (BP) exposure on pregnancy and neonatal life. We have (a) determined BP (BPA and BPS) concentration levels in a group of newborns and their mothers; (b) identified factors, habits, and devices possibly responsible for BP uptake; and (c) determined the effect of BP exposure. No significant correlations were detected between maternal and neonatal BP concentration levels. In newborns, positive correlations between pacifier use and BPS total ( p = 0.04) and free BPS ( p = 0.03) concentrations were detected. A significant correlation was also found between oral glucose administration and concentration levels of free BPA ( p < 0.05). Our study points to a central role of lifestyle, hospital procedures, and neonatal devices in inducing BP exposure, especially during the perinatal period. This is the first report of BP contamination in newborns due to widely non-alimentary products designed for newborn care, such as glucose-solution containers for BPA and pacifiers for BPS. Further studies are advocated in order to clarify both the impact of other BP forms on human health and development, as well as potential BPA exposure sources during neonatal and childhood life.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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