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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by both ripe and unripe fruit extract was carried out by an important medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia. The ripe and unripe fruit extract mediated bioinspired Ag NPs showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 431 and 421 nm respectively and confirmed the formation of Tc-Ag NPs. The functional groups of bioactive components of ripe and unripe fruits were identified which reduced silver nitrate to silver ions by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The size distribution of biosynthesized Tc-Ag NPs of ripe and unripe was determined by particle size analyzer which revealed that the Z average of Tc-Ag NPs was around 30- 35 nm ± 1 nm and 30-35.8 nm ± 1 nm with an Z average of 25.9 and 28.5 nm respectively. Tc-Ag NPs exhibited stability due to its high negative zeta potential for both ripe and unripe fruit extract mediated Tc-Ag NPs as of -27.2 and -24.6 mV. Tc-Ag NPs were used to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and catalytic activities. The Tc-Ag NPs revealed good antimicrobial activity. Antibiotic erythromycin was used as a standard in the present study. The Tc-Ag NPs of both ripe and unrippen fruits disclosed greater free radical scavenging efficacy which proved to be potent antioxidant agents and also exhibited potential catalytic activity by converting 4 nitro-phenol to 4 amino phenols at rapid pace. It was concluded that the Tc-Ag NPs synthesized by ripe and unripe fruits almost showed similar results, and so both of them proved to have excellent multifunctional biomedical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a new series of α-Aminophosphonates bearing 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil was synthesized in good to excellent yields (78–95%) by one-pot, three-component reaction of 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil, aromatic aldehydes and diethylphosphite via Kabachnik–Fields reaction by using an eco-friendly Eaton's reagent. All the compounds were screened for in vitro antioxidant studies by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) methods. Among the synthesized bioactive molecules, 4a, 4d, 4g, and 4h exhibited promising antioxidant activity compared with the standard drug Ascorbic acid. Furthermore, in order to support the biological results of the compounds, molecular docking studies were performed against Aromatase enzyme for four compounds which revealed that the compounds 4a, 4d, 4g, and 4h have significant binding modes, with docking scores of −8.6, −8.4, −8.1 and −8.1 respectively and the compound 4b specifically has equal dock score of −8.0 when compared with the standard drug Exemestane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (IH-AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Indigofera hisruta L. The biosynthesized IH-AgNPs were found to be FCC crystals, 5-10 nm in size, spherical in shape and stable. The biosynthesized IH-AgNPs showed dose-dependant cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PC3) (IC50 = 68.5 μg/mL), colon cancer (COLO205) (IC50 = 85.2 μg/mL), and mouse melanoma (B16F10) (IC50 = 80.9 μg/mL). IH-AgNPs were found to be nontoxic towards normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells. The biosynthesized IH-AgNPs showed effective in vitro antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50 = 63.43 μg/mL) and H2O2 (IC50 = 89.93 μg/mL) radicals. IH-AgNPs exhibited effective antibacterial activity against both Gram+ve and Gram-ve bacteria. MIC values of IH-AgNPs against S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli were found to be 7.8 μg/mL, 3.9 μg/mL, 15.6 μg/mL and 15.6 μg/mL respectively. IH-AgNPs also showed inhibitory activity against fungal pathogens including C. albicans, C. nonalbicans and C. tropicalis. Considering the results together, we demonstrate that IH-AgNPs exhibits three different bioactivities (3-in-1 system) and they could be employed as future antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agents/drug delivery vehicles in the field of biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports a simple and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract of Rhynchosia suaveolens. UV-Vis analysis of R. suaveolens synthesized AgNPs (RS-AgNPs) showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 426 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that RS-AgNPs were 10-30 nm in size with spherical shape. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of RS-AgNPs confirmed the crystalline nature with face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) interprets that polyphenols and proteins take part in bioreduction and capping of RS-AgNPs. RS-AgNPs exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of different cancer cells including DU145 and PC-3(human prostate carcinoma cell lines), SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma) and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma)with IC50 values of 4.35, 7.72, 4.2 and 24.7 μg/mL, respectively. The plausible reasons behind anticancer activity of RS-AgNPs were explained using different assays on the most susceptible SKOV3 cells. RS-AgNPs induced oxidative stress in SKOV3 cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels. RS-AgNPs induced the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells by up regulating the caspase-3, caspase -8, caspase -9, p53 and BAX and down regulating the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Further, RS-AgNPs showed elevation of caspase 3/7 activity and also exhibited antimigratory effect by inhibiting the migration of SKOV3 cells into the wounded area. The findings suggested that biogenic RS-AgNPs provide an alternative approach to overcome several limitations of chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new α-aminophosphonates containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety (4a-l) were synthesized via a simple, efficient, and one-pot three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction of 2-amino-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole with various aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes and diethylphosphite under solvent-free microwave irradiation conditions using phosphosulfonic acid, as a reusable and heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. All the title compounds were screened for radical scavenging activity by DPPH and H2O2 methods, and antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungi using the disc diffusion technique. They exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant and moderate antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]