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Abstract Background Different approach ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block was used to aid awake intubation, but little is known which approach was superior. We aimed to compare the parasagittal and transverse approaches for ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block in adult patients undergoing awake intubation. Methods Fifty patients with awake orotracheal intubation were randomized to receive either a parasagittal or transverse ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block. The primary outcome was patient’s quality of airway anesthesia grade during insertion of the tube into the trachea. The patients’ tube tolerance score after intubation, total procedure time, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, Ramsay sedation score at each time point, incidence of sore throat both 1 h and 24 h after extubation, and hoarseness before intubation, 1 h and 24 h after extubation were documented. Results Patients’ quality of airway anesthesia was significantly better in the parasagittal group than in the transverse group (median grade[IQR], 0 [0–1] vs. 1 [0–1], P = 0.036). Patients in the parasagittal approach group had better tube tolerance scores (median score [IQR],1[1–1] vs. 1 [1–1.5], P = 0.042) and shorter total procedure time (median time [IQR], 113 s [98.5–125.5] vs. 188 s [149.5–260], P

BackgroundEpilepsy is a non-communicable chronic brain disease that affects all age groups. There are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide, which is one of the most common neurological disorder. This study reports the time trends in the burden of epilepsy from 1999 to 2019.MethodsWe evaluated the disease burden and its temporal trends of epilepsy using the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs), which was estimated based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the temporal trends of the epilepsy prevalence and YLDs rates, and to analyze the relative risks of age, periods and queues (age/period/queue effects).ResultsIn the past 30 years, the global age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized rate has increased by 29.61% and 27.02%, respectively. Globally, the APC model estimated the net drift of prevalence and YLDs were 0.88% (95% CI: 0.83–0.93) and 0.80% (95% CI: 0.75–0.85) per year. Among 204 countries and territories, the YLDs in 146 and prevalence 164 showed an increasing trend. And the risk of YLDs and prevalence increases with age, with the lowest risk among 0–4 years old and the highest risk among 75–79 years old. Unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks of YLDs and prevalence were observed.ConclusionOver the past 30 years, the YLDs and prevalence of epilepsy have gradually increased globally and unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks were observed. Emphasizing epilepsy prevention, strengthening epilepsy health education, optimizing older adults epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans, and actively promoting epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans can effectively reduce new cases of epilepsy and related disabilities.

Abstract Purpose To study the effect of miR-150-5p on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and further explore the relationship between its regulatory mechanism and irisin. Methods We isolated mouse BMSCs, and induced osteogenic differentiation by osteogenic induction medium. Using qPCR to detect the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, western blot to detect the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins, and luciferase reporter system to verify that FNDC5 is the target of miR-150-5p. Irisin intraperitoneal injection to treat osteoporosis in mice constructed by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone. Results Up-regulation of miR-150-5p inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs, and decreased the content of osteocalcin, ALP activity, calcium deposition, the expression of osteogenic differentiation genes (Runx2, OSX, OCN, OPN, ALP and BMP2) and protein (BMP2, OCN, and Runx2). And down-regulation of miR-150-5p plays the opposite role of up-regulation of miR-150-5p on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Results of luciferase reporter gene assay showed that FNDC5 gene was the target gene of miR-150-5p, and miR-150-5p inhibited the expression of FNDC5 in mouse BMSCs. The expression of osteogenic differentiation genes and protein, the content of osteocalcin, ALP activity and calcium deposition in BMSCs co-overexpressed by miR-150-5p and FNDC5 was significantly higher than that of miR-150-5p overexpressed alone. In addition, the overexpression of FNDC5 reversed the blocked of p38/MAPK pathway by the overexpression of miR-150-5p in BMSCs. Irisin, a protein encoded by FNDC5 gene, improved symptoms in osteoporosis mice through intraperitoneal injection, while the inhibitor of p38/MAPK pathway weakened this function of irisin. Conclusion miR-150-5p inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting irisin to regulate the/p38/MAPK signaling pathway, and miR-150-5p/irisin/p38 pathway is a potential target for treating osteoporosis.

Along with the development of 5G network and Internet of Things technologies, there has been an explosion in personalized healthcare systems. When the 5G and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is introduced into diabetes management architecture, it can increase the efficiency of existing systems and complications of diabetes can be handled more effectively by taking advantage of 5G. In this article, we propose a 5G-based Artificial Intelligence Diabetes Management architecture (AIDM), which can help physicians and patients to manage both acute complications and chronic complications. The AIDM contains five layers: the sensing layer, the transmission layer, the storage layer, the computing layer, and the application layer. We build a test bed for the transmission and application layers. Specifically, we apply a delay-aware RA optimization based on a double-queue model to improve access efficiency in smart hospital wards in the transmission layer. In application layer, we build a prediction model using a deep forest algorithm. Results on real-world data show that our AIDM can enhance the efficiency of diabetes management and improve the screening rate of diabetes as well.

Bladder cancer (BC), as one of the main urological cancers in the world, possesses the abilities of multiple-drug resistance and metastasis. However, there remains a significant gap in the understanding and advancement of prognosis and therapeutic strategies for BC. Ferroptosis, a novel type of iron-dependent regulated cell death, depends on lipid peroxidation, which has been proven to have a strong correlation with the development and treatment of BC. Its mechanism mainly includes three pathways, namely, lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant system, and the iron overload pathway. In this review, we reviewed the mechanism of ferroptosis, along with the related therapeutic targets and drugs for BC, as it might become a new anticancer treatment in the future.

The Doppler band compensated by the keystone transform (KT) is limited. Therefore, it needs to be used in conjunction with the Doppler ambiguity compensation function to correct the range migration (RM) caused by maneuvering targets with Doppler ambiguity. However, the KT implemented by sinc interpolation suffers from significant performance loss at boundaries of compensation Doppler bands. Additionally, in a multi-target scenario, KT implementation methods occupy high complexity when the Doppler range of targets spans over two compensation Doppler bands. To address the aforementioned issues, this study presents a variable Doppler starting point keystone transform (VDSPKT) method, where a new form of ambiguity compensation function is constructed, turning the Doppler starting point of the compensation band in KT variable. Firstly, the position of the compensation Doppler band is changed from fixed to adjustable as needed, enhancing the flexibility of KT. Crucially, the connection points of the compensation Doppler bands in sinc interpolation are reset, avoiding performance loss at their boundaries. Also, the compensation band is adjusted to cover the narrow Doppler frequency range caused by targets, significantly improving computational efficiency. Finally, the simulation and real data experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively addresses the performance degradation and high computational complexity of KT in the aforementioned scenarios, resulting in a computational load reduced by approximately 50% compared to traditional methods.

Reference signal reconstruction serves as a crucial technique for suppressing multipath interference and noise in the reference channel of passive radar. Aiming at the challenge of detecting Low-Slow-Small (LSS) targets using Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) signals, this article proposes a novel segmented sliding window reference signal reconstruction method based on Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). By partitioning the reference signals based on the structure of DTMB signal frames, this approach compensates for frequency offset and sample rate deviation individually for each segment. Additionally, FCM clustering is utilized for symbol mapping reconstruction. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method significantly suppresses constellation diagram divergence and phase rotation, increases the adaptive cancellation gain and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and in the meantime reduces the computation cost.

After comparing the bacterial load of black-yolked salted duck eggs (BSE) and that of duck eggs with different cleanliness degrees, it was found that the total bacterial count on the shell of severely stained eggs (DE) was distinctly higher than that on the shell of non-visually stained eggs (CE), and the total bacterial count in the shell membrane and contents of BSE increased greatly. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the differences in the composition and abundance of bacterial communities in CE, DE and BSE. It turned out that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 34.35%, 27.25% and 17.28% of the total abundance, respectively, while Bacteroidetes accounted for 8.29% of the total abundance. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria in DE and accounted for 89.01% of the total abundance, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were 6.16% and 3.98%. The dominant phyla in BSE were Proteobacteria (76.50%), Bacteroidetes (8.00%), Actinobacteria (6.76%) and Firmicutes (5.43%). The abundance of Proteobacteria in DE and BSE was significantly increased. The dominant bacterial genera in CE were Nesterdella (9.08%), Campylobacter (7.91%), Streptococcus (3.41%) and Oligomonas (2.92%). In DE, Psychrobacter was the dominant genus, accounting for 86.01% of the total abundance, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was 2.20%. The dominant bacteria in BSE were Rolstonia (22.91%), Serratia (5.05%) and Actinomycetes (3.32%). The cluster analysis of bacterial diversity showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were close to those of DE. The microbial phenotype analysis showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were Gram-negative bacteria, had high oxidative stress tolerance and pathogenicity, and could tolerate oxidizing detergents. The results of microbial gene function prediction and species composition of metabolic pathways demonstrated that bacterial carbohydrate decomposition, lipid transport and metabolic oxidation in DE were stronger than those in CE. More coenzyme transport and metabolic pathways could make the biochemical reactions of bacteria from DE faster to produce more secondary metabolites, thus resulting in changes in the quality of duck eggs. This is consistent with the highest bacterial abundance in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism pathways in BSE. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the cleaner production of duck eggs.

Abstract Background High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is the fastest-growing risk factor for cancer deaths worldwide. We reported the cancer mortality attributable to HFPG at global, regional, and national levels over the past three decades and associations with age, period, and birth cohort. Methods Data for this study were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and we used age-period-cohort modelling to estimate age, cohort and period effects, as well as net drift (overall annual percentage change) and local drift (annual percentage change in each age group). Results Over the past 30 years, the global age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) attributable to HFPG has increased by 27.8%. The ASMR in 2019 was highest in the male population in high sociodemographic index (SDI) areas (8.70; 95% CI, 2.23–18.04). The net drift for mortality was highest in the female population in low SDI areas (2.33; 95% CI, 2.12–2.55). Unfavourable period and cohort effects were found across all SDI quintiles. Cancer subtypes such as "trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers", "colon and rectal cancers", "breast cancer" and "pancreatic cancer" exhibited similar trends. Conclusions The cancer mortality attributable to HFPG has surged during the past three decades. Unfavourable age-period-cohort effects on mortality were observed across all SDI quintiles, and the cancer mortality attributable to HFPG is expected to continue to increase rapidly in the future, particularly in lower SDI locations. This is a grim global public health issue that requires immediate attention.

Abstract Background Isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS) is a common clinical disease with a high incidence rate. However, most current researches explain the clear pathogenesis from a single perspective. The aim of our study was to explore the relationships between multiple parameters in patients and find the potential risk factors of this disease. Methods Our study retrospectively included 115 patients who were diagnosed with isthmic spondylolisthesis and the same number of individuals without spondylolisthesis. The following parameters were measured or collected: age, pelvic incidence (PI), facet joint angle (FJA) and pedicle-facet angle (P-F angle). The radiographic files were imported into Mimics Medical 20.0 and all collected data were analyzed using SPSS, version 26.0, statistical software. Results The age was higher in IS group than in control group. PI was also higher in the IS group (50.99 ± 7.67) than in the control group (43.77 ± 9.30) significantly (P = 0.009). There was significant difference in cranial and average FJA tropism in L3-L4 level (P = 0.002, P = 0.006, respectively) and in L4-L5 level (P

Anthropogenic eutrophication has universally threatened river ecological health and has been a key issue in river conservation. Agricultural sewage, which leads to increased nutrient levels and results in the loss of ecological function and biodiversity, results from the growth of agricultural activity and human populations. Consequently, attention has increasingly been focused on developing a relevant tool to describe the relationship between the biotic communities and anthropogenic eutrophication. The benthic diatom community has been widely used as an effective tool for indicating the ecological status of river systems especially in the context of recent international Water Framework Directive policies (WFD). In this study, a statistical method consisting of trophic status index (TSI), Specific Polluosensitivity Index (IPS), Descy Index (DES), redundancy analysis (RDA), and the geographic information system (GIS) technique was conducted to explore the response of benthic diatom community to anthropogenic eutrophication. Initially, the TSI, IPS and DES were determined to differentiate the trophic gradient along a gradient in agricultural intensity. Subsequently, RDA was used to identify spatial distribution patterns of environmental parameters and benthic diatom communities. Finally, the RDA scores as calculated and spatially interpolated were applied to GIS technology to reveal the response of benthic diatom communities to anthropogenic impacts along the trophic gradient. Our results revealed that the studied basin mostly exceeded the eutrophic level. Two different patterns of diatom communities response to ecological gradient were identified based on RDA, one representing the agriculture eutrophication discharges in electrical conductivity (EC) and the other representing organic pollution as chemical oxygen demand (COD). The developed method in this study highlight that the EC was more effective than the nutrient indices in determining diatom distribution in a eutrophic agriculturally-influenced river system.

Abstract Background The β-cell function and insulin resistance required by existing methods of classifying type 2 diabetes are not routinely adopted in most medical institutions of developing countries and regions. This study aims to propose a novel, affordable classification approach and evaluate its predictive ability for several health and mortality outcomes, including cardiovascular health (CVH), retinopathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), advanced liver fibrosis, and mortality caused by all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer. Methods Based on 4060 participants with diabetes (aged ≥ 30 at the time of diagnosis) selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III & 1999–2014, we proposed a novel, but simple classification approach based on the threshold of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and body mass index (BMI). We used logistic regression model to assess its predictability for diabetes complications, and Cox regression model to estimate the mortality risks. Results By utilizing this approach, we characterized the subjects into four subgroups: subgroup A (obesity-related), which accounts for 37% of the total, subgroup B (age-related), 38%, subgroup C (insulin resistance), 20%, and subgroup D (severe insulin deficiency), 5%. Subjects in subgroup D had a higher risk of retinopathy, in subgroup B had a lower risk of poor cardiovascular health, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and advanced liver fibrosis, in subgroup C had a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions This study proposes an affordable and practical method for classifying patients with type 2 diabetes into different subgroups, with a view to yield a high predictability of patient outcomes and to assist clinicians in providing better treatment.

Background/Aims Binge drinking leads to many disorders, including alcoholic hepatosteatosis, which is characterized by intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Molecular mechanisms may involve the migration of bacterial metabolites from the gut to the liver and the activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Methods Serum samples from both binge drinking and alcohol-avoiding patients were analyzed. Mouse models of chronic plus binge alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and HCC models were used. Results A marker of NETs formation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was significantly higher in alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC patients and mice than in controls. Intrahepatic inflammation markers and HCC-related cytokines were decreased in mice with reduced NET formation due to neutrophil elastase (NE) deletion, and liver-related symptoms of alcohol were also alleviated in NE knockout mice. Removal of intestinal bacteria with antibiotics led to decreases in markers of NETs formation and inflammatory cytokines upon chronic alcohol consumption, and development of alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC was also attenuated. These functions were restored upon supplementation with the bacterial product LPS. When mice lacking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) received chronic alcohol feeding, intrahepatic markers of NETs formation decreased, and hepatosteatosis and HCC were alleviated. Conclusions Formation of NETs following LPS stimulation of TLR4 upon chronic alcohol use leads to increased alcoholic steatosis and subsequent HCC.

Abstract Background Cognitive deficits are common in patients with sepsis. Previous studies in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) implicated the C-X-C chemokine receptor type (CXCR) 5. The present study used a mouse model of SAE to examine whether CXCR5 down-regulation could attenuate cognitive deficits. Methods Sepsis was induced in adult male C57BL/6 J and CXCR5 −/− mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 14–18 days after surgery, animals were tested in a Morris water maze, followed by a fear conditioning test. Transmission electron microscopy of hippocampal sections was used to assess levels of autophagy. Primary microglial cultures challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to examine the effects of short interfering RNA targeting CXCR5, and to investigate the possible involvement of the p38MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway. Results CLP impaired learning and memory and up-regulated CXCR5 in hippocampal microglia. CLP activated hippocampal autophagy, as reflected by increases in numbers of autophagic vacuoles, conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from form I to form II, accumulation of beclin-1 and autophagy-related gene-5, and a decrease in p62 expression. CLP also shifted microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype, and increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and phosphorylated p38MAPK. CXCR5 knockout further enhanced autophagy but partially reversed all the other CLP-induced effects, including cognitive deficits. Similar effects on autophagy and cytokine expression were observed after knocking down CXCR5 in LPS-challenged primary microglial cultures; this knockdown also partially reversed LPS-induced up-regulation of phosphorylated NF-κB and STAT3. The p38MAPK agonist P79350 partially reversed the effects of CXCR5 knockdown in microglial cultures. Conclusions CXCR5 may act via p38MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling to inhibit hippocampal autophagy during sepsis and thereby contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Down-regulating CXCR5 can restore autophagy and mitigate the proinflammatory microenvironment in the hippocampus.

ObjectiveWe investigated the association between cancer incidence and body mass index (BMI) variability calculated from the recall of weight at decades of age by participants in the USA Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.MethodsA total of 89,822 individuals' BMI were recorded as recalled the participant's aged 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 years, and baseline. BMI variability was assessed using four indices: SD, coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM), and average real variability (ARV). The multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of these measures for incident cancers and corresponding 95% CIs.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 11.8 years, there were newly diagnosed 5,012 cases of prostate cancer, 792 cases of lung cancer, 994 cases of colon cancer, and 132 cases of ovarian cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) group, the highest quartile (Q4) group of BMI variability indices was associated with increased lung cancer risk, including BMI_SD (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.17–2.12), BMI_CV (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10–1.94), BMI_VIM (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.33–2.25), and BMI_ARV (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.62–2.91). Associations between BMI variability and prostate, colon, and ovarian cancer incidences were of limited significance.ConclusionThe findings imply that maintaining a stable weight across adulthood is associated with a decreased incidence of lung cancer.

This paper addresses the problem of tracking multiple extended targets in three-dimensional space. We propose the Gaussian process Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GP-PHD) filter, which is capable of tracking multiple extended targets with complex shapes in the presence of clutter. Our approach combines the Gaussian process regression measurement model with the probability hypothesis density filter to estimate both the kinematic state and the shape of the targets. The shape of the extended target is described by a 3D radial function and is estimated recursively using the Gaussian process regression model. Furthermore, we transform the recursive Gaussian process regression problem into a state estimation problem by deriving a state space model such that the estimation of the extent can be integrated into the kinematic part. We derive the predicted likelihood function of the PHD filter and provide a closed-form Gaussian mixture implementation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed filter, we simulate a typical extended target tracking scenario and compare the GP-PHD filter with the traditional Gamma Gaussian Inverse-Wishart PHD (GGIW-PHD) filter. Our results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the GGIW-PHD filter in terms of estimating both kinematic states and shape. We also investigate the impact of the measurement rates on both filters; it is observed that the proposed filter exhibits robustness across various measurement rates, while the GGIW-PHD filter suffers under low-measurement-rate conditions.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) causes herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN) disease outbreaks in farmed Cyprinid fish, which leads to serious economic losses worldwide. Although oral vaccination is considered the most suitable strategy for preventing infectious diseases in farmed fish, so far there is no commercial oral vaccine available for controlling HVNN in gibel carp (C. auratus gibelio). In the present study, we developed for the first time an oral vaccine against CyHV-2 by using yeast cell surface display technology and then investigated the effect of this vaccine in gibel carp. Furthermore, the protective efficacy was evaluated by comparing the immune response of a single vaccination with that of a booster vaccination (booster-vaccinated once 2 weeks after the initial vaccination). Critically, the activities of immune-related enzymes and genes expression in vaccine group, especially in the booster vaccine group, were higher than those in the control group. Moreover, strong innate and adaptive immune responses could be elicited in both mucosal and systemic tissues after receipt of the oral yeast vaccine. To further understand the protective efficacy of this vaccine in gibel carp, we successfully developed the challenge model with CyHV-2. Our results showed the relative percent survival was 66.7% in the booster vaccine group, indicating this oral yeast vaccine is a promising vaccine for controlling CyHV-2 disease in gibel carp aquaculture.

Mucosal vaccination, which has the potential to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses, is considered the most suitable method of preventing infectious diseases in farmed fish. Aeromonas veronii and Edwardsiella ictaluri are two pathogenic bacteria found in yellow catfish and often infect the fish through mucosal surfaces. Delivery of a bivalent inactivated vaccine by injection has been shown to induce a strong systemic immune response against both bacterial infections. However, mucosal immune responses and protective efficiency induced by this inactivated vaccine administrated via immersion are yet to be investigated. We developed a bivalent vaccine containing formalin-inactivated A. veronii and E. ictaluri and evaluated the immune response in yellow catfish after immersion vaccination using body fluids biochemistry indices, agglutinating antibody titers, and the expression level of immune-related genes in the skin, gills, spleen, and head kidney. The activities of innate immune-related enzymes and specific agglutination antibody titers in body fluids, as well as the expression of innate and adaptive immune-related genes in both the mucosal and systemic tissues of vaccinated fish, were significantly higher than that in control fish. Next, we assessed the protective efficacy by a challenge model of virulent strains of E. ictaluri and A. veronii. The relative survival percent of vaccinated fish was 80% and 87% after challenging fish with E. ictaluri and A. veronii, respectively, which was higher than unvaccinated control fish (43% and 57%). These results confirm that the bivalent inactivated vaccine administered via immersion induces a strong mucosal immune response and confers good protection against both E. ictaluri and A. veronii. Our results also reinforce the notion that immersion vaccination could stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity contributing to protection against pathogens.

Abstract Detection of weak manoeuvring targets has always been an important yet challenging task for radar signal processing. One primary reason is that target variable motions within a coherent processing interval generate energy migrations across multiple resolution bins, which severely deteriorate the parameter estimation performance. The problem is compounded by an increasingly complex surveillance environment, as well as more affordable and pervasive than ever small targets such as drones. In this work, a coarse‐to‐fine strategy for the detection of weak manoeuvring targets is designed. First, a coarse estimation of the chirp parameter in an extended unambiguous range using a novel coprime segmented discrete polynomial‐phase transform is coherently integrated and derived. Sparse fractional Fourier transform is then employed to refine the coarse estimation at a significantly reduced computational complexity. The proposed scheme achieves an efficient and reliable weak target detection, while requires no a priori knowledge on the motion parameters, which is verified by the simulation results.

In view of the temperature rise, noise and vibration between the rotor and the support bearings under the high-speed rotating state of the PMSMS, the bearingless technology is proposed for avoiding the contact between the rotor and the support bearings and achieving stable compensation of the motorized spindles under high-speed running state. Based on the modeling method of ordinary bearingless motors, mathematical models of the BPMSS and simulation experiments are carried out. At the same time, the variable structure PID is used in the displacement controller to optimize the displacement control of the rotor. The results prove the feasibility of bearingless technology on permanent magnet synchronous motorized spindles. The magnetic levitation system largely avoids the contact between the rotor and the support bearings, which can solve the noise and vibration problems of the rotor when running at high speeds. Variable structure PID has a stronger control effect on rotor displacement control than ordinary PID control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To verify whether a simplified method based on age, body mass index (BMI) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is feasible in classifying patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and evaluate the predictive ability of subgroups in several health and mortality outcomes.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2014 cycle.Participants A total of 1960 participants with diabetes and the age at diagnosis greater than 30.Primary and secondary outcome measures Participants with T2D were assigned to previously defined (by Ahlqvist) subgroups based on five variables: age, BMI, HbA1c, homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) 2 estimates of β-cell function (HOMA2-B), and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and on three variables: age, BMI and HbA1c. The classification performances of the three variables were evaluated based on 10-fold cross validation, with accuracy, precision and recall as evaluation criteria. Outcomes were assessed using logistic regression and Cox regression analysis.Results Without HOMA measurements, it is difficult to identify severe insulin-resistant diabetes, but other subgroups can be ideally identified. There is no significant difference between the five variables and the three variables in the ability to predict the prevalence of poor cardiovascular health (CVH), chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced liver fibrosis, and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer-related mortality (p>0.05), except the prevalence of poor CVH in mild age-related diabetes (p