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During the stage of high-quality development, the orderly promotion of citizenization of the floating population is crucial to ensure the high-quality population development and sustainable socio-economic growth of our country. In this study, dynamic monitoring survey data of China's floating population in 2017 were referenced to categorize the settlement intentions of this population group into three types (viz., short term, long term, and permanent) according to their expected residence duration. Subsequently, the mobility and residential characteristics of this population were analyzed by using a multinomial logistic regression model to examine differences in their demographic and family characteristics, mobility patterns, economic status, and social integration. The findings are as follows: (1) Dongguan and Huizhou, located on the east bank of the Pearl River and primarily driven by manufacturing industries, have a significant proportion of populations with short-term settlement intentions. By contrast, cities with lower living costs or more comprehensive services are more likely to attract long-term residents. (2) The inter-provincial floating population tends to flow into Shenzhen, with individuals migrating a short distance being more predominant. Long-distance inter-provincial migrants have a stronger intention to settle permanently. Within the province, the floating population tends to flow into Guangzhou, displaying a certain degree of geographical proximity in city choices and a tendency to stay long term or permanently. (3) Groups characterized by female sex, older age, higher educational level, marital status, longer inflow time, non-work-related inflow reasons, and higher income level tend to take up long-term or permanent residence at their destination. Conversely, lower levels of these characteristics are associated with shorter stays. Higher degrees of social integration can promote permanent settlement intentions among inter-provincial migrants compared with the effect on their intra-provincial counterparts. (4) Each factor has different effects on groups with the same settlement intention within and outside the province, as reflected in the varying impacts of educational level, marital status, income level, and migration reasons on inter- and intra-provincial floating populations. This study breaks through the traditional binary division model of settlement intentions, enhancing our understanding of floating populations through the "short-term residence–long-term residence–permanent settlement" categorization method. The Pearl River Delta region, one of the areas with the largest concentration of the floating population and the highest degree of economic development in China, serves as a critical case study. Understanding the flow and residence patterns of this population in this region will help government departments implement relevant policies and safeguarding measures tailored to different settlement intentions, thereby improving urban operational efficiency.

Objectives. To investigate the potential role of extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in total aortic arch replacement under hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods. The serum extracellular CIRP levels at five time points in 96 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection were detected. Overall change trend of CIRP levels at five time points was described, and the risk factors for 30-day mortality after surgery were analyzed. Results. The serum extracellular CIRP levels increased gradually after surgery, starting to rise significantly at approximately 12 h postoperatively, reaching or approaching a peak at approximately 24 h postoperatively, and ceasing to rise significantly after approximately 48 h postoperatively. Age, troponin-I, urodilatin, cooling time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, cross-clamp time, duration of surgery, and CIRP level at the end of surgery in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group. Multivariable analysis indicated that CIRP level at the end of surgery, age, urodilatin, and cross-clamp time were independent risk factors for postoperative 30-day mortality. Conclusion. Extracellular CIRP is closely related to the perioperative condition and prognosis of hypothermic circulatory arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-Entropy Oxides (HEOs) are emerging as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their stable crystal structure and high theoretical capacity. However, the limited understanding of their intrinsic crystal structure and lithium storage mechanism has hindered their further development and application. In this study, (Y0.2La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Ca0.2)2Sn2O7 (M2Sn2O7) nanoparticles are successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method and then applied as an advanced anode material for LIBs. The oxygen vacancies induced by high-entropy chemistry result in the M2Sn2O7 HEO exhibiting excellent cycle stability, achieving high reversible capacities of 574.2 and 430.4 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 for half and full-cell lithium-ion batteries, respectively. This research highlights the potential of HEOs with stable structures and excellent performance as promising candidates for LIB anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to the debate on the nexus between informal economies and the environment by investigating the long-term dynamic impacts of China's informal economies on pollution and considering regional differences in informal economies' pollution. This paper uses the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model to estimate the size of informal economies and employs econometric models to examine their relationships to pollution based on provincial-level panel data from 2000 to 2017. The results indicate that informal economies' effects on environmental pollution are not purely positive or negative. Rather, our model indicates that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between informal economies and pollution in the long run in China; this means that the level of environmental pollution increases at first and then decreases with the growth of informal economies. Further analysis shows that while this inverted, U-shaped relationship is significant in different regions of China, it is affected by different environmental impact factors. The paper concludes by discussing the policy implications for environmental protection and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of African migrants in Chinese cities has attracted extensive scholarly interest. While several studies have noticed a decline in the population of African migrants in Guangzhou along with the recent changes of policies on immigration control, the present study casts new light to the currently remaining African migrants in Guangzhou who are less susceptible to the strict immigration control measures and are more likely to be socially included due to the recent favorable policies. It attempts to investigate what factors can further motivate their willingness to stay permanently in the city, and draws attention to the effects of neighbor interactions given their importance for the African communities in China as recently uncovered. Empirical data on 468 respondents were derived from a questionnaire survey conducted in the Xiaobei area of Guangzhou. Through descriptive and multivariate analyses of the determinants of settlement intentions, the present study finds that neighbor interactions affect the settlement intentions of the two major groups of African migrants, namely overseas students and businessmen, in quite different ways. Better affective neighbor relations are conducive to stronger settlement intentions for businessmen, while such an effect is found insignificant for the overseas students. The present study contributes new insights to the literature on settlement intentions by highlighting the importance of neighborhood supporting systems. It also has the potential to encourage new avenues for further research on the settlement intention of foreign populations in urban China, who are confronted with the constantly changing policy environment on immigration control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 21st century, the PRD has gradually been transforming from a world factory to a global city-region. Based on the manufacturing and urban economic data, this paper uses the upgrade (UPG) index of industrial structure, comparative advantage and economies of scale to evaluate the development level of manufacturing in the PRD from 2000 to 2019. Through geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR), this paper measures the impact of four types of components (R & D, service economy, production capability and foreign investment) on the development of manufacturing in different periods. The results show the disharmony between the scale, structure and quality of the manufacturing in different cities. The impact on the manufacturing from R & D has spatiotemporal differences; the impact of foreign investment on the west coast cities of PRD is stronger than that of the east coast cities with varied impact mechanisms. The impact of the service economy is strong in sub-core cities. The impact of production capability has a transmission effect from core cities to the sub-core cities, indicating the manufacturing subdivision of function within the region. By 2019, The PRD has gradually transformed into a dual-core structure and the two cores have differentiated development paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A CoCrFeNiMnPd eutectic high-entropy alloy was designed and prepared. A unique eutectic-dendritic solidification pattern was observed in the as-cast alloy. Heretofore, this kind of pattern was rarely reported no matter in binary or multi-component alloys. Through a series of experimental characterization and theoretical analysis, it could be concluded that the sluggish diffusion effect of high-entropy alloys makes the interface deviate considerably from the local non-equilibrium condition and the alternate arrangement of CoCrFeNiPd-rich FCC and Tetragonal Mn 7 Pd 9 lamellae results in weak interface energy anisotropy, thus forming the seaweed eutectic-dendrite. Application of the designing rules of high-entropy alloys to the current work indicates that mere consideration of the weighted average physical properties of constituent elements is not sufficient to the design of high-entropy alloys with a single solid-solution phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a novel master–slave teleoperation robot system for diaphyseal fracture reduction. This paper details the mechanical design and the control system as a preliminary study. The fracture reduction accuracy and the performance of the control system are experimentally tested. The mean error in the axial and lateral displacements was below 3 mm; the mean side angle and inward turn errors were below 4°. As a preliminary study, the feasibility of the novel master–slave teleoperation robot system for diaphyseal fracture reduction is verified. The robot system fulfills the reduction requirements in accuracy and operating performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In traditional long bone fracture reduction surgery, there are some drawbacks such as low accuracy, high radiation for surgeons and a risk of infection. To overcome these disadvantages, a removable hybrid robot system is developed, which integrates a removable series-parallel mechanism with a motor-double cylinder (MDC) driven mode. This paper describes the mechanism in detail, analyses the principle and the method of the fracture reduction, presents the surgical procedure, and verifies the reduction accuracy by experiments with bone models. The results are shown as follows. The mean deviations of the axial displacement and lateral displacement are 1.60mm and 1.26mm respectively. The standard deviations are 0.69mm and 0.30mm. The mean deviations of the side angle and turn inward are 2.06° and 2.22° respectively. The standard deviations are 0.50° and 0.99°. This minimally invasive robot features high accuracy and zero radiation for surgeons, and is able to conduct fracture reduction for long bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power management of application programs is a hot research in the area of green computing and high-productivity computing. Because of the complexity of application programs, heterogeneity of processors and uncertainty of the running environment, it is difficult to propose an accurate method to predict energy consumption for application program directly. So, we present a power analysis paradigm for application program based on artificial neural network. First, we build a power analysis model based on back propagation neural network (BPNN). The three factors of software, hardware and environment are taken as the inputs of BPNN, and energy consumption and finish time as the outputs of BPNN. Next, we choose lot of classic application programs from different fields as training samples. After learning and training, an expected BPNN is obtained which can be used to predict energy consumption for other new programs. Repeated experiments show that this power analysis paradigm is rational and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In traditional long bone fracture reduction surgery, there are some drawbacks such as low accuracy, high radiation for surgeons and a risk of infection. To overcome these disadvantages, a removable hybrid robot system is developed, which integrates a removable series-parallel mechanism with a motor-double cylinder (MDC) driven mode. This paper describes the mechanism in detail, analyses the principle and the method of the fracture reduction, presents the surgical procedure, and verifies the reduction accuracy by experiments with bone models. The results are shown as follows. The mean deviations of the axial displacement and lateral displacement are 1.60mm and 1.26mm respectively. The standard deviations are 0.69mm and 0.30mm. The mean deviations of the side angle and turn inward are 2.06° and 2.22° respectively. The standard deviations are 0.50° and 0.99°. This minimally invasive robot features high accuracy and zero radiation for surgeons, and is able to conduct fracture reduction for long bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to assess the pitting resistance of austenitic stainless steel welded joints fusion zone (FZ) with high density of inclusions before and after surface treatment, including potentiostatic pulse technique (PPT) and pickling. Design/methodology/approach: The potentiodynamic polarization tests and critical pitting temperature tests were carried out for estimating pitting resistance. The PPT and pickling were performed as surface treatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer were used for characterize the microstructure and elemental distribution. Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to assess the portion of phases and morphology of grains. Findings: The weld metal exhibits a higher degree of alloying compared to the base metal, and it contains d-phase and sulfur-containing inclusions. Sulfur-containing inclusions serve as initiation sites for pitting, and they diminish the pitting resistance of weld metal. Both PPT and pickling can remove sulfur-containing inclusions, but PPT causes localized dissolution of the weld metal matrix around the inclusions, while pickling does not. Because of the high density of inclusions, certain pits initiated by PPT are significantly deeper, which makes the formation of stable pitting easier. Because of the high density of inclusions, certain pits initiated by the PPT are deeper. This characteristic facilitates the progression of these initial defects into fully developed, stable pits. Originality/value: Analysis of pitting initiation in shielded metal arc welding FZ with PPT and ex situ SEM tracking observation. Explanation of why the PPT surface treatment is not able to enhance the pitting resistance of stainless steel with a high inclusion density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended warranty services have become increasingly important for both manufacturers and retailers, offering avenues for new profit sources and growth opportunities. Focusing on the multiple effects of product quality, this study develops a two-period supply chain decision model to analyze the effects of product quality, pricing, and inventory management in the context of extended warranty services. Using a Stackelberg dynamic game model, this study examines the interaction between a manufacturer and a dominant retailer who provides extended warranties. The results indicate significant differences in optimal decisions between centralized and decentralized supply chains, especially concerning pricing and inventory control. Introducing a "quality cost-sharing" contract enhances product quality and improves coordination, leading to increased profits for both the manufacturer and the retailer. Numerical simulations confirm that the cost-sharing contract effectively balances product quality improvements with supply chain profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of economic globalization, the manufacturing production space in the global city-regions of developing countries have presented significant spatial characteristics, attracting attention to the problems of intensive and sustainable development of production space. Taking global city-region in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as an example, manufacturing production space based on remote sensing (RS) technology and point of interest (POI) data extraction was more precise and continuous, which had more advantages for further analysis of spatial characteristics and influencing factors in multi-scale, and precise policy recommendations. The results show that: (1) under different scales, the distribution characteristics of manufacturing production space and the agglomeration characteristics of spatial form are different. It is not simply extensive agglomeration or diffusion that can accurately explain its diversified spatial characteristics. Meanwhile, for the local manufacturing production space optimization control, the local government should apply advanced experience according to local conditions instead of simply and roughly promotion or containment. (2) Influencing factors show a strong positive correlation with the urbanization rate, the number of foreign direct investment (FDI) enterprises and gross industrial production, and which shows a weak negative correlation with fixed asset investment and the employment population. In conclusion, the spatial characteristics of manufacturing production space in global city-regions in developing countries is significantly different from that in Western countries, and its influencing factors have similarities and differences. Therefore, when conducting multi-scale space optimization and sustainable regulation, the government should consider more about the actual multi-scale spatial characteristics of manufacturing production space and its influencing factors instead of copy the Western experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold stress affects the seed germination and early growth of winter rapeseed, leading to yield losses. We employed transmission electron microscopy, physiological analyses, metabolome profiling, and transcriptome sequencing to understand the effect of cold stress (0 °C, LW) on the cotyledons of cold-tolerant (GX74) and -sensitive (XY15) rapeseeds. The mesophyll cells in cold-treated XY15 were severely damaged compared to slightly damaged cells in GX74. The fructose, glucose, malondialdehyde, and proline contents increased after cold stress in both genotypes; however, GX74 had significantly higher content than XY15. The pyruvic acid content increased after cold stress in GX74, but decreased in XY15. Metabolome analysis detected 590 compounds, of which 32 and 74 were differentially accumulated in GX74 (CK vs. cold stress) and XY15 (CK vs. cold stressed). Arachidonic acid and magnoflorine were the most up-accumulated metabolites in GX74 subjected to cold stress compared to CK. There were 461 and 1481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to XY15 and GX74 rapeseeds, respectively. Generally, the commonly expressed genes had higher expressions in GX74 compared to XY15 in CK and cold stress conditions. The expression changes in DEGs related to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and sugar biosynthesis-related pathways were consistent with the fructose and glucose levels in cotyledons. Compared to XY15, GX74 showed upregulation of a higher number of genes/transcripts related to arachidonic acid, pyruvic acid, arginine and proline biosynthesis, cell wall changes, reactive oxygen species scavenging, cold-responsive pathways, and phytohormone-related pathways. Taken together, our results provide a detailed overview of the cold stress responses in rapeseed cotyledons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on ethnic segregation in recent decades have shifted the focus from the residential area towards people's activity locations, and policy focus requires more effort in identifying the most segregated individuals among ethnic minorities. Meanwhile, research on ethnic segregation in urban China from the activity‐based perspective remains to be examined. Thus, we analyse ethnic segregation beyond residential neighbourhoods in Chinese cities by measuring individuals' exposure to the social context in neighbourhoods where they perform daily activities (e.g., work). We conduct an empirical study in Xining City based on activity diaries with the focus on the Hui minorities and Han majorities. We find that a substantial amount of activities occur outside the respondents' home neighbourhoods, thereby resulting in notable ethnic segregation beyond home neighbourhoods. In addition, using one‐sided exposure indices and multilevel regression models, we find that different social groups may be exposed to considerably different ethnic environments in activity locations even if they live in ethnically similar neighbourhoods and identify that individuals with low income or low‐level education among the Hui minorities may have greater risks of segregation in activity locations than others. Therefore, the gaps in income and educational attainment between the Hui minorities and Han majorities should be mitigated to foster high opportunities of encounters and social integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoCrFeNiPdMnx (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared and characterized. With an increase in Mn addition, the microstructures changed from dendrites (CoCrFeNiPd with a single face-centered-cubic (FCC) phase) to divorced eutectics (CoCrFeNiPdMn0.2 and CoCrFeNiPdMn0.4), to hypoeutectic microstructures (CoCrFeNiPdMn0.6), and finally to seaweed eutectic dendrites (CoCrFeNiPdMn0.8). The addition of Mn might change the interface energy anisotropy of both the FCC/liquid and MnPd-rich intermetallic compound/liquid interfaces, thus forming the seaweed eutectic dendrites. The hardness of the FCC phase was found to be highly related to the solute strengthening effect, the formation of nanotwins and the transition from CoCrFeNiPd-rich to CoCrFeNi-rich FCC phase. Hierarchical nanotwins were found in the MnPd-rich intermetallic compound and a decrease in either the spacing of primary twins or secondary twins led to an increase in hardness. The designing rules of EHEAs were discussed and the pseudo binary method was revised accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the energy-consuming and time latency incurred by Von Neumann architecture, this brief developed a complete computing-in-memory (CIM) convolutional macro based on ReRAM array for the convolutional layers of a LeNet-like convolutional neural network (CNN). We binarized the input layer and the first convolutional layer to get higher accuracy. The proposed ReRAM-CIM convolutional macro is suitable as an IP core for any binarized neural networks’ convolutional layers. This brief customized a bit-cell consisting of 2T2R ReRAM cells, regarded ${9 \times 8}$ bit-cells as one unit to achieve high hardware compute accuracy, great read/compute speed, and low power consuming. The ReRAM-CIM convolutional macro achieved 50 ns product-sum computing time for one complete convolutional operation in a convolutional layer in the customized CNN, with an accuracy of 96.96% on MNIST database and a peak energy efficiency of 58.82 TOPS/W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability of the earth depends on renewable energy. Forecasting the output of renewable energy has a big impact on how we operate and manage our power networks. To guarantee grid dependability and permanence and to lower the danger and expense of the energy market and systems, accurate forecasting of renewable energy output is essential. Researchers have been drawn to this topic by deep learning's recent success in a variety of applications, and its bright future is shown in the variety of proposed approaches and the rising number of publications. This paper reviews deep learning-based solar and wind energy forecasting research that has been published over the past five years, covering in-depth topics such as the data and datasets used in the reviewed works, data pre-processing techniques, deterministic and probabilistic techniques, and evaluation and comparison methods. To facilitate methodological comparisons, the key traits of all the reviewed publications are compiled in tabular form. The field's existing difficulties and potential areas for future research are described. According to trends, recurrent neural network models, including those with long short-term memories and gated recurrent units, are second most frequently utilized in this sector behind hybrid forecasting models, with convolutional neural networks coming in third. We also observe an increase in interest in probabilistic and multistep forecasting techniques. Using the important learnings from this thorough study, we also create a comprehensive taxonomy of the research, which will, in our opinion, be essential for comprehending the cutting-edge and promoting innovation in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. It currently lacks specific therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the actions of exosomes derived from different cell sources, including red blood cells, macrophages, monocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and renal tubular cells, in AKI. We also investigate the effects of various exosome contents (such as miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, mRNA, and proteins) in promoting renal tubular cell regeneration and angiogenesis, regulating autophagy, suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and preventing fibrosis to facilitate AKI repair. Moreover, we highlight the interactions between macrophages and renal tubular cells through exosomes, which contribute to the progression of AKI. Additionally, exosomes and their contents show promise as potential biomarkers for diagnosing AKI. The engineering of exosomes has improved their clinical potential by enhancing isolation and enrichment, target delivery to injured renal tissues, and incorporating small molecular modifications for clinical use. However, further research is needed to better understand the specific mechanisms underlying exosome actions, their delivery pathways to renal tubular cells, and the application of multi-omics research in studying AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) combined with cutaneous multiple neurofibromas are clinically rare. This paper presents a case of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the jejunumof a 68-year-oldmother, alongwith her daughter who also had coexisting cutaneous multiple neurofibromas. The mother had been experiencing repeated melena for over 2 years and had previously been diagnosed with multiple small intestinal masses at other hospitals. Additionally, her 42-year-old daughter was admitted to our department due to recurrent abdominal pain caused by cholecystolithiasis. The mother and daughter both exhibited multiple nodular masses of varying sizes on their skin, including the truncus, limbs, and face, which were diagnosed as neurofibromas. The mother underwent a partial excision of the jejunum and a lateral jejunojejunal anastomosis side-to-side, as well as excision of skin lesions in our department. The final diagnosis of wild-type GISTs associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) was confirmed through postoperative pathology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic testing results. During preoperative gastrointestinal endoscopy and intraoperative laparoscopic exploration of the gastrointestinal tract, no obvious tumors were found in her daughter. A combination of patient observations and a review of relevant literature in the field suggests that when patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms and multiple irregular painless swellings in the skin, it is important to consider the possibility of an association with NF1 and GIST. Additionally, obtaining a detailed family history can save time and improve the diagnosis of patients with both NF1 and GIST. We recommend that even if there are no gastrointestinal manifestations of GISTs in the offspring of newly mutated NF1 patients, regular review of gastroenteroscopy, imaging examination, and long-term follow-up after middle age are still crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of NF1-related GISTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between secularity or modernity and religious belief choices is a hot topic of academic concern. However, there has been scarce attention from the academic community regarding the religious belief choices and driving factors of China's Generation Z, who have grown up in a secular or modern society. In this paper, we use the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) and a modified Cost and Rewards Scale to measure this group's tendency towards "religious centrality", and investigate the inherent driving factors using logistic regression. The results show that the religiousness of China's Generation Z is higher than the overall level of religious beliefs in China. Their choice of religious beliefs is the result of a rational consideration and balance of "religious rewards", but most of them are not driven by the consideration of "afterlife rewards" as the supernatural core factor of religion. Instead, they are driven by the actual benefits brought by the choice of religious beliefs and the factors that affect these benefits, such as religious socialization. This conclusion validates the opinions of Stark and Finke, as well as Hartmut Rosa, and breaks the status quo of single research model and method in previous relevant studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using CiteSpace software to create a knowledge map of authors, institutions and keywords, the literature on the spatio-temporal behavior of Chinese residents based on big data in the architectural planning discipline published in the China Academic Network Publishing Database (CNKI) was analyzed and discussed. It is found that there was a lack of communication and cooperation among research institutions and scholars; the research hotspots involved four main areas, including "application in tourism research", "application in traffic travel research", "application in work-housing relationship research", and "application in personal family life research". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Geography is the property of Tropical Geography Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The energy consumption of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems increases with the number of antennas. Optimizing the energy efficiency (EE) of massive MIMO systems is one of the ways to achieve green communication. This paper proposes an EE optimization method that genetic algorithm-based antenna selection and power allocation (GA-AS+PA) for the downlink of a multicell massive MIMO system under the restriction of the users' sum-rate. First, we use the genetic algorithm to determine the active transmitting antenna of each base station (BS). Then, the transmission power for each user is allocated using the convex optimization method. Finally, the EE of system is optimized under the achieved optimum BS's transmit power and the number of active antennas. From the simulation results, the GA-AS+PA method can improve the EE of the system while meeting user sum-rate requirements, which achieves better performance compared with random antenna selection+equal power allocation method (RAS+EPA), random antenna selection+power allocation method (RAS+PA), the antenna selection method based on genetic algorithm+equal power allocation method (GA-AS+EPA), and equal power allocation (EPA) these four methods. The EE of the proposed GA-AS+PA method is improved by 33.3% compared to the EPA method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cropland area has long been used as a key indicator of food security. However, grain yield is not solely controlled by the area of the cropland. Therefore, we proposed a new indicator to assess food security. Results show that from 1992 to 2004, the global cropland area increased by 840 200 km2 (99.4%), but the grain yield increased only by 310 million t (29.1%); and from 2004 to 2015, the cropland area decreased by 39 000 km2 (4.64%), but the grain yield increased by 370 million t (70.84%). This result showed that grain yield was not linearly correlated with cropland area, and delimiting the threshold of cropland protection may not guarantee food security. Combined with further correlation analysis, we found that the increase in the global grain yield was more closely related to the harvested area (R2 = 0.94), which indicated that the harvested area is a more scientific and accurate indicator than cropland area in terms of guaranteeing food security. Therefore, if governments want to ensure the food security, they should choose a new and more accurate indicator: harvested area rather than cropland area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article involves an adaptive robust barrier‐based control of a three‐dimensional riser system subject to system uncertainties and output constraints. A barrier‐based Lyapunov function and a dynamical online update technique are merged to develop new adaptive robust control schemes for dampening the vibration, compensating for parametric uncertainties, and dealing with the constraints in the system. A rigorous Lyapunov analysis is exploited to guarantee the uniformly bounded stability in the controlled system. Finally, the efficacy of the designed approach is validated via simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed an evaluation index system for green total-factor water-use efficiency (GTFWUE) which reflected both economic and green efficiencies of water resource utilization. Then we measured the GTFWUE of 30 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (hereafter provinces) in China (not including Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan as no data) from 2000 to 2018 using a minimum distance to the strong frontier model that contained an undesirable output. We further analyzed the regional differences and spatial correlations of GTFWUE using these values based on Global and Local Moran's I statistics, and empirically determined the factors affecting GTFWUE using a spatial econometric model. The evaluation results revealed that the GTFWUE differed substantially between the regions. The provinces with high and low GTFWUE values were located in the coastal and inland areas of China, respectively. The eastern region had a significantly higher GTFWUE than the central and western regions. The GTFWUEs for all three regions (eastern, central, and western regions) decreased slowly from 2000 to 2011 (except 2005), remained stable from 2012 to 2016, and rapidly increased in 2017 before decreasing again in 2018. We found significant spatial correlations between the provincial GTFWUEs. The GTFWUE for most provinces belonged to the high-high or low-low cluster region, revealing a significant spatial clustering effect of provincial GTFWUEs. We also found that China's GTFWUE was highly promoted by economic growth, population size, opening-up level, and urbanization level, and was evidently hindered by water endowment, technological progress, and government influence. However, the water-use structure had little impact on GTFWUE. This study fully demonstrated that the water use mode would be improved, and water resources needed to be used more efficiently and green in China. Moreover, based on the findings of this study, several policy recommendations were proposed from the aspects of cross-regional cooperation, economy, society, and institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]