Search

This report summarises the physics opportunities for the study of Higgsbosons and the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking at the 100 TeV ppcollider.

This document proposes a collection of simplified models relevant to the design of new-physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the characterization of their results. Both ATLAS and CMS have already presented some results in terms of simplified models, and we encourage them to continue and expand this effort, which supplements both signature-based results and benchmark model interpretations. A simplified model is defined by an effective Lagrangian describing the interactions of a small number of new particles. Simplified models can equally well be described by a small number of masses and cross-sections. These parameters are directly related to collider physics observables, making simplified models a particularly effective framework for evaluating searches and a useful starting point for characterizing positive signals of new physics. This document serves as an official summary of the results from the Topologies for Early LHC Searches workshop, held at SLAC in September of 2010, the purpose of which was to develop a set of representative models that can be used to cover all relevant phase space in experimental searches. Particular emphasis is placed on searches relevant for the first 50-500 pb 1 of data and those motivated by supersymmetric models. This note largely summarizes material posted at http://lhcnewphysics.org/, which includes simplified model definitions, Monte Carlo material, and supporting contacts within the theory community. We also comment on future developments that may be useful as more data is gathered and analyzed by the experiments. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.

This is a report on the findings of the dark matter science working group forthe white paper on the status and future of TeV gamma-ray astronomy. The whitepaper was commissioned by the American Physical Society, and the full whitepaper can be found on astro-ph (arXiv:0810.0444). This detailed sectiondiscusses the prospects for dark matter detection with future gamma-rayexperiments, and the complementarity of gamma-ray measurements with otherindirect, direct or accelerator-based searches. We conclude that anycomprehensive search for dark matter should include gamma-ray observations,both to identify the dark matter particle (through the charac- teristics of thegamma-ray spectrum) and to measure the distribution of dark matter in galactichalos.

This is the "TeV4LHC" report of the "Physics Landscapes" Working Group,focused on facilitating the start-up of physics explorations at the LHC byusing the experience gained at the Tevatron. We present experimental andtheoretical results that can be employed to probe various scenarios for physicsbeyond the Standard Model.

This report discusses several topics in both top quark physics and QCD at anInternational Linear Collider (ILC). Issues such as measurements at the$t\bar{t}$ threshold, including both theoretical and machine requirements, andthe determination of electroweak top quark couplings, are reviewed. New resultsconcerning the potential of a 500 GeV $e^+e^-$ collider for measuring $Wtb$couplings and the top quark Yukawa coupling are presented. The status of higherorder QCD corrections to jet production cross sections, heavy quark formfactors, and longitudinal gauge boson scattering, needed for percent-levelstudies at the ILC, are reviewed. A new study of the measurement of thehadronic structure of the photon at a $\gamma\gamma$ collider is presented. Theeffects on top quark properties from several models of new physics, includingcomposite models, Little Higgs theories, and CPT violation, are studied.

This report reviews the properties of Higgs bosons in the Standard Model (SM)and its various extensions. We give an extensive overview about the potentialof the ILC operated at centre-of-mass energies up to 1 TeV (including the gammagamma option) for the determination of the Higgs boson properties. Thiscomprises the measurement of the Higgs boson mass, its couplings to SM fermionsand gauge bosons, and the determination of the spin and the CP quantum numbersof the Higgs. The extensions of the SM that are analyzed in more detail areheavy SM-like Higgs bosons, heavy Higgs bosons in the framework ofSupersymmetry (SUSY) and further exotic scenarios. We review recent theoreticaldevelopments in the field of Higgs boson physics. The important question whatthe ILC can contribute to Higgs boson physics after the LHC, the LHC/ILCinterplay and synergy is discussed. The impact of Higgs boson physics oncosmology in several SUSY frameworks is analyzed. The impact of the acceleratorand dector performance on the precision of measurements are discussed indetail. We propose a strategy to optimize future analyses. Open questionsarising for the various topics are listed, further topics of study andcorresponding roadmaps are suggested.

Background: During adolescence early maturers (EM) tend to be bigger and strong than their late maturing (LM) peers of the same chronological age (CA). This is because EM reach peak velocities in growth characteristics at earlier CA. Strength is dependent in part on muscle size, and muscle size on bone size; therefore, it is arguable that leg length (LL) growth and leg strength (LS) will be related. The nature of the relationship between LL and LS, and how the timing of maturation may influence these is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate if peak velocities for LL and LS, in males, occur in the same sequence regardless of maturity group. Methods: 227 males participated in the Saskatchewan Growth and Development Study. Between 1964 and 1973, annual measurements included height (H), sitting height (SH), weight and knee extension strength. LL was calculated from H and SH. Serial measures of anthropometrics were used to identify velocities for H, LL and LS. Age at peak height velocity (PHV) was used to create a biological age (BA - years from PHV) and maturity timing categories: average maturers (AM), EM, and LM. Mean differences between groups were test with t-tests and ANOVA. Alpha was set at .05. Results: There were no significant differences in the CA at which PLLV and PLSV occurred within maturity groupings (p>0.05). PLLV and PLSV occurred at a later BA in EM (BA0.0±.7, 0.2±1.1) than LM (-0.4±.9, -0.5±1.9) (p<0.05). The CA of PLLV between maturity groups was significantly earlier in EM (12.9±.8 yrs.) compared to AM (13.7±.9 yrs.) and LM (14.6±.9 yrs.) (p<.05). The CA's of PLSV (13.5+.4) were not significantly different between the maturity groups. Discussion: As would be expected EM reach PLLV at an earlier CA and with greater magnitude when compared to AM and LM. The time interval between PLLV and PLSV are not affected by timing of maturation; however, EM reach their peak velocities for LL and LS at a significantly later BA. The long-term implication of these findings on strength development is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the issues to be debated at next month's RCN Congress in Harrogate is a resolution focusing on the right of people with learning disabilities to receive equitable health care. Here, Michelle Persaud and colleagues from the RCN Learning Disability Nursing Forum set out the background to this resolution and call on LDP readers to get involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a letter to the editor on the debate on equity of access to health care for people with learning disabilities at the 2004 RCN Congress.

Objectives: Providing clinical performance feedback to physicians is an established method to improve care, but the impact on physician well-being is unclear. This evaluation aimed to better understand physician perspectives on clinical feedback and its potential impact on well-being., Design: A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews was undertaken. Data were analysed via consensus coding using an inductive-deductive approach informed by Clinical Performance Feedback Intervention Theory. Findings were used to develop a novel framework describing the relationship between feedback and well-being., Setting: Interviews were conducted in a large academic medical centre from June-September 2021., Participants: We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with general outpatient and inpatient paediatricians and internists., Results: Physicians felt that feedback supported well-being based on its perceived purpose (intended to promote professional growth vs serving an alternative purpose), which they discerned based on feedback content (aligned with physician priorities vs not aligned), validity (accurate vs inaccurate), actionability (specific vs not, within a physician's sphere of control vs not) and delivery (supportive vs punitive). The Clinical Performance Feedback Well-Being Model is presented to understand how feedback and recipient variables impact well-being., Conclusions: Attention to the process and content of physician clinical performance feedback may advance both the quality of care and physician well-being., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Importance: Occupational burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment and is prevalent among nurses. Although previous meta-analyses have explored the correlates of nurse burnout, none have estimated their association with health care quality and safety and patient morbidity and mortality., Objective: To evaluate the magnitude and moderators of the association between nurse burnout and patient safety, patient satisfaction, and quality of care., Data Source: The Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest databases were searched from January 1, 1994, to February 29, 2024., Study Selection: Two reviewers independently identified studies that reported a quantifiable association between nurse burnout and any of the outcomes of patient safety, patient satisfaction, or quality of health care., Data Extraction and Synthesis: The PRISMA 2020 guideline was followed. Two reviewers independently extracted the standardized mean difference (SMD) (Cohen d) estimates for a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted using prespecified variables., Main Outcomes and Measures: Any measure of patient safety, patient satisfaction, or quality of health care previously associated with nurse burnout., Results: A total of 85 studies (81 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal) involving 288 581 nurses from 32 countries (mean [SD] age, 33.9 (2.1) years; 82.7% female; mean [SD] burnout prevalence rate with study-specific ascertainments, 30.7% [9.7%]) were included. Nurse burnout was associated with a lower safety climate or culture (SMD, -0.68; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.54), lower safety grade (SMD, -0.53; 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.34), and more frequent nosocomial infections (SMD, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.04), patient falls (SMD, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.03), medication errors (SMD, -0.30; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.11), adverse events or patient safety incidents (SMD, -0.42; 95% CI, -0.76 to -0.07), and missed care or care left undone (SMD, -0.58; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.26) but not with the frequency of pressure ulcers. Nurse burnout was also associated with lower patient satisfaction ratings (SMD, -0.51; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.17) but not with the frequencies of patient complaints or patient abuse. Finally, nurse burnout was associated with lower nurse-assessed quality of care (SMD, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.30) but not with standardized mortality rate. The associations were consistent across nurses' age, sex, work experience, and geography and persistent over time. For patient safety outcomes, the association was smaller for the low personal accomplishment subcomponent of burnout than for emotional exhaustion or depersonalization, as well as for nurses with a college education., Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, nurse burnout was found to be associated with lower health care quality and safety and lower patient satisfaction. This association was consistent across nurse and study characteristics.

SF3B1 mutations are recurrent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), particularly enriched in clinically aggressive stereotyped subset #2. To investigate their impact, we conducted RNA-sequencing of 18 SF3B1 MUT and 17 SF3B1 WT subset #2 cases and identified 80 significant alternative splicing events (ASEs). Notable ASEs concerned exon inclusion in the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) chromatin remodeling complex subunit, BRD9, and splice variants in eight additional ncBAF complex interactors. Long-read RNA-sequencing confirmed the presence of splice variants, and extended analysis of 139 CLL cases corroborated their association with SF3B1 mutations. Overexpression of SF3B1 K700E induced exon inclusion in BRD9, resulting in a novel splice isoform with an alternative C-terminus. Protein interactome analysis of the BRD9 splice isoform revealed augmented ncBAF complex interaction, while exhibiting decreased binding of auxiliary proteins, including SPEN, BRCA2, and CHD9. Additionally, integrative multi-omics analysis identified a ncBAF complex-bound gene quartet on chromosome 1 with higher expression levels and more accessible chromatin in SF3B1 MUT CLL. Finally, Cancer Dependency Map analysis and BRD9 inhibition displayed BRD9 dependency and sensitivity in cell lines and primary CLL cells. In conclusion, spliceosome dysregulation caused by SF3B1 mutations leads to multiple ASEs and an altered ncBAF complex interactome, highlighting a novel pathobiological mechanism in SF3B1 MUT CLL., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Moral injury has emerged as a construct of interest in healthcare workers' (HCW) occupational stress and health. We conducted one of the first multidisciplinary, longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), burnout, and turnover intentions. HCWs (N = 473) completed surveys in May of 2020 (T1) and again in May of 2021 (T2). Generalized Linear Models (robust Poisson regression) were used to test relative risk of turnover intentions, and burnout at T2 associated with PMIE exposure, controlling for T1 covariates. At T1, 17.67% reported they had participated in a PMIE, 41.44% reported they witnessed a PMIE and 76.61% reported feeling betrayed by healthcare or a public health organization. In models including all T1 PMIE exposures and covariates, T2 turnover intentions were increased for those who witnessed a PMIE at T1 (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.17-2.34) but not those that participated or felt betrayed. T2 burnout was increased for those who participated in PMIE at T1 (RR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.03-1.85) but not those that witnessed or felt betrayed. PMIE exposure is highly prevalent among HCWs, with specific PMIEs associated with turnover intentions and burnout. Organizational interventions to reduce and facilitate recovery from moral injury should account for differences in the type of PMIE exposures that occur in healthcare work environments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Issues Addressed: There is a paucity of data regarding depression and thoughts of self-harm or suicide among gender and sexually diverse (GSD) people living within Australian regional/rural locations. This study aims to elucidate these issues and fill a critical gap., Methods: The sample included 91 GSD people from a regional community in South-West Queensland utilising the PHQ-9 to determine presence/severity of depression and self-harm/suicide ideation. These data were drawn from a larger health and wellbeing survey. Raw mean scores were calculated to determine prevalence/severity of clinical symptoms. Bayesian ordinal regression models were employed to analyse between-subgroup differences in depression and self-harm/suicide ideation., Results: Overall, 80.2% of GSD sample experienced depression (35.2% severe, 45.1% mild/moderate) and 41.8% experienced self-harm/suicide ideation in the past two-weeks. Trans and nonbinary people experienced higher levels of depressions than sexually diverse cisgender people. Pansexual and bisexual people experienced higher levels of depression than gay people. Trans people experienced higher prevalence of self-harm/suicide ideation than cisgender and nonbinary people, with no differences between sexuality subgroups., Conclusions: These findings contribute to deeper and more nuanced insights regarding clinically salient depressive and self-harm/suicide ideation symptoms among trans, nonbinary, bisexual, pansexual and queer people in regional Australian communities, with the aim to ultimately reduce mental health prevalence, improve mental health outcomes and health promotion among GSD people. SO WHAT?: The current findings revealed GSD people experience high prevalence of depression and self-harm/suicide ideation indicating tailored mental health awareness-raising, training and health promotion is warranted to enhance psychological support., (© 2024 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.)

This study systematically evaluated the predictive accuracy of common empirical models for pharmaceutical powder compaction. A dataset of nine placebo and twelve active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) loaded blend formulations (four APIs at three drug loadings) was fitted to the widely used empirical tablet compression (Gurnham, Heckel, and Kawakita) and compaction (Ryshkewitch-Duckworth and Leuenberger) models. At low API loadings (<20w/w%), all models achieved R 2 above 90 % and RRMSE (relative root mean squared error) below 0.1. However, as API loads increased, overall model performance decreased, notably in the Heckel model. A parameter variability analysis identified multiple parameter pairs achieving acceptable fits. Consequently, a novel global optimization approach was developed populating arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic mixture rules for empirical tuning parameters. This method outperformed the traditional line of best fit approach. A cross validation study revealed that this method is capable of predicting tuning parameters which achieve an acceptable Goodness of Fit for new blends. Finally, with the restriction of maintaining consistent parameters for the placebo blend, the proposed method could substantially reduce the experimental requirements and API consumption for the exploration of new blends., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [Daniel Markl reports financial support was provided by GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Limited. Daniel Markl reports financial support was provided by Scottish Funding Council. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.]., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the ability of routinely collected electronic health record (EHR) use measures to predict clinical work units at increased risk of burnout and potentially most in need of targeted interventions., Methods: In this observational study of primary care physicians, we compiled clinical workload and EHR efficiency measures, then linked these measures to 2 years of well-being surveys (using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index) conducted from April 1, 2019, through October 16, 2020. Physicians were grouped into training and confirmation data sets to develop predictive models for burnout. We used gradient boosting classifier and other prediction modeling algorithms to quantify the predictive performance by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC)., Results: Of 278 invited physicians from across 60 clinics, 233 (84%) completed 396 surveys. Physicians were 67% women with a median age category of 45 to 49 years. Aggregate burnout score was in the high range (≥3.325/10) on 111 of 396 (28%) surveys. Gradient boosting classifier of EHR use measures to predict burnout achieved an AUC of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.48 to 0.77) and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.29 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.66). Other models' confirmation set AUCs ranged from 0.56 (random forest) to 0.66 (penalized linear regression followed by dichotomization). Among the most predictive features were physician age, team member contributions to notes, and orders placed with user-defined preferences. Clinic-level aggregate measures identified the top quartile of clinics with 56% sensitivity and 85% specificity., Conclusion: In a sample of primary care physicians, routinely collected EHR use measures demonstrated limited ability to predict individual burnout and moderate ability to identify high-risk clinics., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The psychological safety of health care workers is an important but often overlooked aspect of the rising rates of burnout and workforce shortages. In addition, mental health conditions are prevalent among health care workers, but the associated stigma is a significant barrier to accessing adequate care. More efforts are therefore needed to foster health care work environments that are safe and supportive of self-care. The purpose of this brief document is to promote a culture of psychological safety in health care organizations. We review ways in which organizations can create a psychologically safe workplace, the benefits of a psychologically safe workplace, and strategies to promote mental health and reduce suicide risk.