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Body measurement and some conformation data recorded in the national breeding mare performance test of the Hungarian Association of Gidran Horse Breeders were processed. The initial database contained the data of the entire Hungarian active (living) breeding mare stock (N = 293), which were born between 1994-2016 and were offspring of 44 breeding stallions. During the study, eight traits - height at withers measured with stick and tape (HWS, HWT), chest girth (CHG), cannon circumference (left fore/front) (CAC), pedigree score (PES), conformation score (COS), movement score (MOS), total score (TOS) - were evaluated. One- and multi-trait analysis of variance (GLM) and weighted linear regression analysis were used to process the data. The corrected mean values (± SE) of the examined traits were as follows: HWS 161.6 ± 0.4 cm, HWT 169.6 ± 0.5 cm, CHG 188.4 ± 0.7 cm, CAC 19.9 ± 0.1 cm, PES 29.1 ± 0.3 points, COS 72.8 ± 0.5 points, MOS 40.5 ± 0.4 points, TOS 142.4 ± 0.7 points. The heritability of HWS, HWT, COS and TOS was moderate and high (0.37-0.47), CHG and CAC proved to be moderate (0.29-0.31), while low h2 values were estimated for MOS (0.20). In the case of body measurements, moderate, decreasing trends (b = -0.25, -0.33, -0.35 and -0.08 cm/year, respectively; P < 0.01), for the other traits while stagnant (NS) phenotypic trends were observed. It can be concluded that the average body measurements as well as the results of the other examined traits for the Gidran breeding mares did not change essentially over time.

Novel soil datasets and the application of pedotransfer functions provide soil hydraulic input data for modelling hydrological processes at different scales. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of soil hydraulic parameters derived by indirect methods in simulation of soil moisture time series and water budgets at profile level of three sites (Forest, Orchard and Grassland) from a Central European catchment (Lake Balaton, Hungary). Five soil-vegetation-atmosphere model variants were set up with the Hydrus-1D model for each site, differing only in the parametrization of input soil data: i) a calibrated reference, ii) measured values, iii) values predicted from measured basic soil properties, iv) values predicted from national soil map information, v) values derived from the 3D soil hydraulic dataset of Europe. Calibrated soil parameters led to Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency 0.50, 0.54 and 0.71 for the Forest, Orchard and Grassland Site respectively. The outcomes for model efficiency of soil moisture underline the superiority of local databases over regional ones and the need for more detailed vertical discretization during modelling. The model performance according to soil moisture and water budget accuracy led to different rank order of model variants. Water budget comparisons indicated moderate differences between the hydrologic fluxes simulated by the different model variants, emphasizing the uncertainties associated with soil hydraulic parametrization either at local or at watershed scale.

Currently, there is no widely accepted criterion for judging the efficacy of CRT treatment. Patients underwent CRT implantation have most often been classified as either responders or non-responders based on the occurrence or absence of reverse remodelling following CRT. Based on this definition, nearly one-third of patients are considered as non-responders with a less favourable prognosis compared to responders. Recent recommendations have revised the previous terminologies. Accordingly, the CRT non-responder definition have-been re-defined as those who deteriorate (progressors) and remain stable for years (non-progressor) after CRT implantation. Considering the progressive nature of HF, non-progression could still represent a response to the device therapy and thereby classifying these patients as non-responders might be misleading. The background of the suboptimal CRT response is multifactorial, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for improving the effectiveness of CRT treatment. Therefore, we care must be taken on the appropriate patient selection and optimisation of the medications prior to implantation, currently available technical options and innovations during the intervention, device optimisation post-implantation, as well as on the management of comorbidities.

Abstract Background Migraine has been associated with functional brain changes including altered connectivity and activity both during and between headache attacks. Recent studies established that the variability of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal is an important attribute of brain activity, which has so far been understudied in migraine. In this study, we investigate how time-varying measures of BOLD variability change interictally in episodic migraine patients. Methods Two independent resting state functional MRI datasets acquired on 3T (discovery cohort) and 1.5T MRI scanners (replication cohort) including 99 episodic migraine patients (n3T = 42, n1.5T=57) and 78 healthy controls (n3T = 46, n1.5T=32) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. A framework using time-varying measures of BOLD variability was applied to derive BOLD variability states. Descriptors of BOLD variability states such as dwell time and fractional occupancy were calculated, then compared between migraine patients and healthy controls using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Spearman’s rank correlation was calculated to test associations with clinical parameters. Results Resting-state activity was characterized by states of high and low BOLD signal variability. Migraine patients in the discovery cohort spent more time in the low variability state (mean dwell time: p = 0.014, median dwell time: p = 0.022, maximum dwell time: p = 0.013, fractional occupancy: p = 0.013) and less time in the high variability state (mean dwell time: p = 0.021, median dwell time: p = 0.021, maximum dwell time: p = 0.025, fractional occupancy: p = 0.013). Higher uptime of the low variability state was associated with greater disability as measured by MIDAS scores (maximum dwell time: R = 0.45, p = 0.007; fractional occupancy: R = 0.36, p = 0.035). Similar results were observed in the replication cohort. Conclusion Episodic migraine patients spend more time in a state of low BOLD variability during rest in headache-free periods, which is associated with greater disability. BOLD variability states show potential as a replicable functional imaging marker in episodic migraine.

This study delves into the synergy between remote sensing and satellite gravimetry, focusing on the utilization of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) data for modeling delta Total Water Storage (ΔTWS) values derived from the GRACE mission. Various machine learning algorithms were employed to investigate the concordance between Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and AMSR-E observations. Despite the limited correlation in circumpolar permafrost areas, ΔTWS was successfully modeled with an accuracy of a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.5 cm. The Amazon region exhibited a notable model error, attributed to significant ΔTWS amplitude; the overall model quality was affirmed by Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) metrics. Importantly, the effectiveness of AMSR-E Soil Moisture (SM) data, encompassing C (frequency of 4–8 GHz) and X (frequency of 8–12 GHz) ranges (~0.04 m and ~0.03 m wavelength, respectively) in modeling ΔTWS, even in heavily forested equatorial regions, was demonstrated.

Abstract Sepsis is accompanied by a less-known mismatch between hemodynamics and mitochondrial respiration. We aimed to characterize the relationship and time dependency of microcirculatory and mitochondrial functions in a rodent model of intraabdominal sepsis. Fecal peritonitis was induced in rats, and multi-organ failure (MOF) was evaluated 12, 16, 20, 24 or 28 h later (n = 8/group, each) using rat-specific organ failure assessment (ROFA) scores. Ileal microcirculation (proportion of perfused microvessels (PPV), microvascular flow index (MFI) and heterogeneity index (HI)) was monitored by intravital video microscopy, and mitochondrial respiration (OxPhos) and outer membrane (mtOM) damage were measured with high-resolution respirometry. MOF progression was evidenced by increased ROFA scores; microcirculatory parameters followed a parallel time course from the 16th to 28th h. Mitochondrial dysfunction commenced with a 4-h time lag with signs of mtOM damage, which correlated significantly with PPV, while no correlation was found between HI and OxPhos. High diagnostic value was demonstrated for PPV, mtOM damage and lactate levels for predicting MOF. Our findings indicate insufficient splanchnic microcirculation to be a possible predictor for MOF that develops before the start of mitochondrial dysfunction. The adequate subcellular compensatory capacity suggests the presence of mitochondrial subpopulations with differing sensitivity to septic insults.

The Bátaapáti National Radioactive Waste Repository was created using mining methods in a granitoid formation. Changes in the receiving rock body are monitored by the seismo-acoustic measurement network that has been in operation since the cavity was designed. The present work builds on geoinformatics methods and presents automated codes written for a Geographical Information System, which filters out incorrect spatial positions from a large mass of seismoacoustic point sources. The incorrectly measured points show the greatest inaccuracy vertically. The most intense emission source points with appropriate positions can be detected in the areas between the side walls of the adjacent storage chambers and near the fracture system detected along the trench end of the chambers. Based on the distance between the point sources and the storage chambers, it was also possible to refer to the extent of the damaged/disturbed rock zone around the excavation, which means a 7-meter rock belt.

Industry 4.0 solutions such as the use of AI are becoming increasingly visible in everyday logistics processes. Many publications have already dealt with what technological innovations could be introduced to improve the flow of materials, but relatively few have dealt with the extent to which these theoretical solutions are also present in practice. In connection with this gap, the current research aims to examine the effectiveness and impact of AI use in the logistics field. This paper is a follow-up study on the topic as the logistics AI use was already analyzed in Pest County in the framework of this study direction. Since this study is still the second step of the already commenced research work, the very study does not try to draw conclusions leading to generalization but rather aims to draw causal conclusions of a pilot nature. In the research tools, the paper uses the qualitative design from the previous study (applied in another geographical territory-Zala County) but at the same time examines other analyzing methods like SEM modelling as a potential tool to be integrated.

This study aimed to find SNPs that have an effect on the estimated breeding values (EBVs) of milk (MY), fat (FY), and protein yield (PY) of Holstein Friesian cows in Hungary. Holstein Friesian cows (n = 2963) were genotyped on a Eurogenomics (EuroG_MDv4) chip. The EBVs for MY, FY, and PY were obtained from the Association of Hungarian Holstein Breeders (AHHB). The loci associated with the EBVs were identified via three approaches: the calculation of genetic distance of the SNPs (Fst_marker), linear regression, and haplotype association tests. Nine SNPs were significantly associated with MY, FY, and PY located on BTA 2, 5, 28, and X. Among the nine SNPs identified, BTB-00219372 on BTA 5 had a positive β coefficient for MY and a negative β coefficient for FY and PY. In addition, BovineHD3000027615 on BTA X had a positive β coefficient for both MY and PY, as well as a negative β coefficient for FY. The identified SNPs were located near several genes that remain unstudied in cattle, which are potential targets for closer scrutiny in relation to milk properties. The markers associated with two or three EBVs could be used in selection with high efficiency to accelerate genetic development and help AHHB experts achieve their breeding. Most marker effects point in the same direction on EBVs; however, we found that BTB-00219372 and BovineHD3000027615 could be used with caution to increase one EBV while decreasing the other EBV or EBVs.

Introduction: Patients with advanced cancer tend to utilize the services of the health care system, particularly emergency departments (EDs), more often, however EDs aren't necessarily the most ideal environments for providing care to these patients. The objective of our study was to analyze the clinical and demographic characteristics of advanced patients with cancer receiving basic palliative care (BPC) or hospice care (HC), and to identify predictive factors of BPC and HC prior to their visit to the ED, in a large tertiary care center in Hungary. Methods: A retrospective, detailed analysis of patients receiving only BPC or HC, out of 1512 patients with cancer visiting the ED in 2018, was carried out. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected via automated and manual chart review. Patients were followed up to determine length of survival. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses were performed. Results: Hospital admission, multiple (≥4x) ED visits, and respiratory cancer were independent risk factors for receiving only BPC (OR: 3.10, CI: 1.90–5.04; OR: 2.97, CI: 1.50–5.84; OR: 1.82, CI: 1.03–3.22, respectively), or HC (OR: 2.15, CI: 1.26–3.67; OR: 4.94, CI: 2.51–9.71; OR: 2.07, CI: 1.10–3.91). Visiting the ED only once was found to be a negative predictive factor for BPC (OR: 0.28, CI: 0.18–0.45) and HC (OR: 0.18, 0.10–0.31) among patients with cancer visiting the ED. Conclusions: Our study is the first from this European region to provide information regarding the characteristics of patients with cancer receiving BPC and HC who visited the ED, as well as to identify possible predictive factors of receiving BPC and HC. Our study may have relevant implications for health care planning strategies in practice.

Sheet erosion is a complex multi-factor-dependent process with high spatial heterogeneity on hillslopes. Although the individual factors have been well studied, their aggregated effect on size-selective erosional processes is highly uncertain. Therefore, this study concentrates on the aggregate size distribution and effective particle size distribution (PSD) of the aggregates in the soil loss, collected from different simulated hillslope positions and surface conditions. These simulated hillslope positions combine moisture content from the extremely dry to the saturated with related slope positions of 2, 5, and 12% steepness and different surface roughness (tilled and crusted surfaces) modelled in a laboratory rainfall simulator. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, the PSD of the aggregates was separated into three groups based on the differences in the 59–116 µm range of the PSD histograms, namely, macro-aggregates, 50–250 µm sized micro-aggregates, and

The paper aims to examine the evolving retail sector in recent years, specifically how digitalisation and technological innovations have transformed it. All actors have had to adapt to remain competitive. Notably, a new innovation in the retail sector, namely the checkout-free or cashierless store, emerged in 2018. Systematic literature is relied upon to achieve the study's objectives. The significance of this study lies in the use of multiple IT tools such as AI, cameras, sensors, and self-organising shelves to replace human intervention in the retail sector. Globally, several startup companies have developed this new unmanned solution, and Amazon Go stands out as one of the most well-known among them. The primary objective of this pioneering concept is to enhance efficiency by saving time and reducing queues. The aim is to enable customers to enter and exit the store with minimal human contact as quickly as possible. This paper presents the recent trend of the cashierless concept, its evolution, and proliferation. A systematic literature review and data analysis from the Crunchbase Database were conducted. The findings demonstrate that this recent concept is altering both consumers’ purchasing behaviours and companies’ business models. This paper provides novel perspectives and insights into the wider literature on cashierless concepts and smart retail in the context of digital business.

While the actors of the developed world are deeply concerned with the complex interpretation of health, studying the path leading to that is a less investigated area, although, among the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a prominent role is given to the complex experience of health and its quality improvement. Regarding the V4 countries, many indicators of health need to be improved, while the quality of online marketing and communication, as well as the social media activities of private healthcare providers, largely determines the intensity and efficiency of using the service they provide. The focus of the online survey, with the involvement of almost 2,000 respondents, was to assess whether the marketing activities of healthcare services and their activities on social media platforms meet the expectations of Hungarian female consumers. Due to the results, social media platforms proved to be extremely critical, although older respondents trust advertisements about marketing services less. In the selection of service providers, patients base their decisions to a decisive extent on the expressions of the community of acquaintances, which assumes the management of a multi-level marketing, and communication tool park, and the emphatic and controlled education of brand ambassadors.

The pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) is an emerging computed tomography-derived marker for measuring vascular inflammation at coronary vessels. It holds prognostic significance for major cardiovascular events and enhances cardiac risk assessment, complementing traditional risk factors and coronary artery calcium scores. However, the impact of local coronary circulation factors on pericoronary inflammation development in right versus left coronary arteries has not been clearly understood.

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a multipurpose tree species native to North America commonly planted worldwide for its resistant and durable wood, rapid growth, site tolerance, honey production, and other qualities. However, caution is warranted when planting the species outside its native range due to its potential invasiveness with respect to the native flora. Many countries, particularly Hungary and China, have been conducting forestry research on black locust for decades to increase black locust yields, nectar production, and stem quality. The main breeding objectives, such as fast growth, superior trunk quality or higher nectar production, have already been achieved. Existing reviews on this tree species do not cover the whole research history of breeding, making a comprehensive review increasingly critical to identify research gaps, trends, and drawbacks. The present study offers a systematic analysis of nearly 100 papers spanning the last century and the most recent research on black locust improvement. This study also includes a detailed summary of the available cultivars and clone selections worldwide.

The aim of our study was to develop a multimodal experimental protocol for in vivo imaging and metabolic parameters (MRI, DTI and 1H MRS) in an animal model of neurodegeneration. We have successfully developed the protocol for simultaneous DTI/MRI/1H MRS measurement to ensure unaltered conditions for repeatable non-invasive experiments. In this experiment, diffusion tensor imaging, spectroscopic and volumetric “bio-markers” were generated in the brain for the D-galactose model of “age-related dementia”. The hippocampal relative volume, taurine and myo-inositol relative concentrations were found to be significant predictors contributing to the differences between the groups of rats treated with D-galactose in simulated “neurodegeneration”, even in response to the applied Huperzine A therapy.

Attila Kerényi, Professor of Geography, was born in 1943 in Sátoraljaújhely. He earned a degree as a teacher of Geography and Biology in 1967. During the 1980s, he gained national and international scientific recognition for his research on soil erosion processes, and completed his candidate dissertation in 1984. In the 1990s, he became nationally acknowledged for his publications, textbooks and scientific books on landscape and environmental protection, and earned an academic doctorate title in the topic. His scientific work was recognized with numerous awards. In 2020, he was awarded the Officer’s Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit in recognition of his several decades of research and teaching activities which have greatly contributed to the renewal of geography education at the University of Debrecen. On the occasion of his 80th birthday, his colleagues interviewed Professor Kerényi about his family, profession, achievements and the state of global environmental systems.

The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of dairy production traits and that for dimensional traits and to calculate the correlation between the two heritability values in a Holstein Friesian cow herd bred in Hungary. Data of 15,032 Holstein Friesian cows born in the period 2008–2018 from 666 sires were collected for the study in 6 large dairy herds. Among the conformation traits, stature (ST), chest width (CW), body depth (BD), and rump width (RW), and for production traits, in the first lactation of cows, the 305-day milk yield (MY), milk butterfat yield (FY), and milk protein yield (MY) were evaluated. Heritability estimates of ST, CW, BD, and RW were 0.49, 0.25, 0.31, and 0.30, and those of MY, FY, and PY were 0.40, 0.35, and 0.30, respectively. BD and RW had no phenotypic (b = −0.01) or genetic (b = 0.00–0.01) change. The production traits (MY, FY, PY) increased to a greater extent (b = 2.2–43.3) than the examined conformation traits over time. Consequently, it is indicated that the selection for dairy production did not result in an increase in the studied dimensional traits.

Calving interval (CI) data (N = 37,263) from 17,319 cows born 2008–2018 in six herds were assessed. The data were made available by the National Association of Hungarian Holstein Friesian Breeders in Hungary. The effects of some genetic and environmental factors, population genetic parameters, breeding value (BV) of sires, and phenotypic and genetic trends of the CI were estimated. The GLM method was used for studying different effects on the CI. BLUP animal model was used for heritability (h2) and BV estimation. Linear regression analyses were applied for the trend calculation. The mean of the CI was 412.2 ± 2.0 days. The h2 of the CI proved to be low (0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.08 ± 0.01). There were relatively high differences among the sires in the estimated BV. Based on the phenotypic trend calculation, the CI of cows showed decreasing direction by an average of 1.80 days per year (R2 = 0.94; p < 0.01). In the case of genetic trend calculation, the average BV of sires in the CI has decreased −4.94 and −0.31 days per year (R2 = 0.91 and 0.41; p < 0.01).

Introduction: Peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy is present in nearly half of the patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Over the past 10 years, animal and human studies have suggested that vitamin D3 treatment may have a role in preventing or reducing neuropathic complaints and symptoms.

Background: Literacy and education levels were demonstrated to be low in the Roma population. The outcomes after the implementation of different educational policies, in different countries, were not properly assessed for Roma subgroups until now. Aims: We aimed to study literacy, education level, and healthcare attendance in two well-defined Roma subgroups, compared to the majority population, in a specific Transylvanian rural region.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between biomarkers of iron metabolism and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic individuals compared to a control group. We also examined the possible association between estimated liver fibrosis and serum ferritin levels in all three groups.

Oil spills represent a critical environmental threat, particularly to marine ecosystems, necessitating the development of efficient and eco-friendly remediation technologies. This study explores the application of pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in fabricating polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites, with a focus on polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, and methyl cellulose. These polymers, renowned for their proficiency in adsorbing pollutants from various oils, were combined with magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) in a compressed tablet form. The PLA process facilitated the generation of nanocomposites, which were subsequently collected using an external magnetic field. The chemical composition of these composites was analyzed through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, while particle sizes were determined using the Leica Image Processing and Analysis System. The study revealed that PLA is a green, single-step, and effective technique for preparing magnetic nanocomposites, producing particles predominantly in the 400 nm–4 µm size range. Furthermore, the application of these composites in oil/water separation demonstrated with separation commencing approximately 1 s after the application of a magnetic field. These findings underscore the potential of PLA in crafting magnetic nanocomposites for the rapid and environmentally sustainable remediation of oil spills.

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy increases the risk of severe obstetrical complications. Detailed evaluation of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in a pregnancy with stillbirth hasn’t been described so far. Besides knowledge gaps in the pathomechanism leading to stillbirth in COVID-19 pregnancies, currently, no prognostic biomarker is available to identify pregnant patients who are at imminent risk of COVID-19-associated maternal and fetal complications, requiring immediate medical attention.CaseHere we report the case of a 28-year-old SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant patient, admitted to our hospital at 28 weeks of gestation with intrauterine fetal loss. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis was confirmed by immunohistological evaluation of the placenta. She had only mild upper respiratory symptoms and her vital signs were within reference throughout labor and postpartum. The stillborn infant was delivered per vias naturales. Fibrinogen concentrate was administered before and after labor due to markedly decreased fibrinogen levels (1.49 g/l) at admission and excessive bleeding during and after delivery. Although coagulation screening tests were not alarming at admission, the balance of hemostasis was strikingly distorted in the patient. As compared to healthy age- and gestational age-matched pregnant controls, increased D-dimer, low FVIII activity, low FXIII level, marked hypocoagulability as demonstrated by the thrombin generation assay, together with shortened clot lysis and decreased levels of fibrinolytic proteins were observed. These alterations most likely have contributed to the increased bleeding observed during labor and in the early postpartum period. Interestingly, at the same time, only moderately altered inflammatory cytokine levels were found at admission. Serum ACE2 activity did not differ in the patient from that of age- and gestational age-matched healthy controls, suggesting that despite previous speculations in the literature, ACE2 may not be used as a potential biomarker for the prediction of COVID-19 placentitis and threatening fetal loss in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnancies.ConclusionsAlthough based on this case report no prognostic biomarker could be identified for use in pregnant patients with imminent risk of fetal loss associated with COVID-19 placentitis, the above-described hemostasis alterations warrant awareness of postpartum hemorrhagic complications and could be helpful to identify patients requiring intensified medical attention.

Climate change has been a known problem for a long time, but nowadays its effects becoming more powerful and palpable in our everyday life. Therefore, one of the most important topics of the social sciences nowadays, the identification of the sustainable solutions. As the problem of the climate change is very complex, we have to examine it from different aspects/territories/industries. Logistics is one of these territories. Today logistics is more and more criticized as the average supply chains contribute in a highlighted way to the environmental pollution. In the past academic discussion, Short Supply Chains appeared as a potential solution but so far only in the field of agricultural sciences yet. One of our research aims is the definition of the basic shortened supply chain framework within a supply chain can be called 'shortened' in Zala County. For this, we will examine the implemented short supply chains on the ground of the literature review. We will seek the answer for the second important aim, which is the potential application of this technique, with qualitative methods among Zala County enterprises.

Abstract Transorbital sonography (TOS) could be a swift and convenient method to detect the atrophy of the optic nerve, possibly providing a marker that might reflect other quantitative structural markers of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we evaluate the utility of TOS as a complementary tool for assessing optic nerve atrophy, and investigate how TOS-derived measures correspond to volumetric brain markers in MS. We recruited 25 healthy controls (HC) and 45 patients with relapsing–remitting MS and performed B-mode ultrasonographic examination of the optic nerve. Patients additionally underwent MRI scans to obtain T1-weighted, FLAIR and STIR images. Optic nerve diameters (OND) were compared between HC, MS patients with and without history of optic neuritis (non-ON) using a mixed-effects ANOVA model. The relationship between within-subject-average OND and global and regional brain volumetric measures was investigated using FSL SIENAX, voxel-based morphometry and FSL FIRST. OND was significantly different between HC-MS (HC = 3.2 ± 0.4 mm, MS = 3 ± 0.4 mm; p

Background: Exercise-induced modifications in ECG parameters among individuals with an early repolarization pattern (ERP) have not been evaluated in detail. We aimed to assess this phenomenon, with potential associations with arrhythmogenesis. Methods: Twenty-three young, healthy males with ERP (ERP+) participated in this study, alongside a control group, which consisted of nineteen healthy males without ERP (ERP−). ECGs at baseline, at peak exercise (Bruce protocol), and during the recovery phase were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The treadmill test demonstrated strong cardiovascular fitness, with similar chronotropic and pressor responses in both groups. In the baseline ECGs, the QRS complex and the QT interval were shorter in the ERP+ group. During exercise, the P-wave duration was significantly longer and the QRS was narrower in the ERP+ group. In the recovery phase, there was a longer P wave and a narrower QRS in the ERP+ group. During the treadmill test, the J wave disappeared or did not meet the criteria required for ERP diagnosis. Conclusions: The slowed intra-atrial conduction found during exercise could be predictive of atrial arrhythmogenesis in the setting of ERP. The disappearing of J waves during exercise, due to increased sympathetic activity, has potential clinical significance.

Digitalization and technological innovation have revolutionized the retail sector. In recent years, a new trend has emerged in the form of unmanned stores, pioneered by Amazon Go. Unmanned solutions using artificial intelligence are beginning to enter the public consciousness and represent a new sustainability perspective (such as lowering paper waste, packaging or using sustainable construction materials) in trade. Although it is not yet widespread and is still a new solution for consumers, the global market dynamics suggest that it will expand in the future. Unmanned shops pose some challenges, but these can be effectively addressed by the appropriate introduction of new technology. To identify or filter out potential shortcomings of this technology on the consumer side, it is also necessary to examine the acceptance of this technology by customers. In this paper, the internationally accepted Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model was modified and used to examine how consumers accept this technology. For data analysis, Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling method was applied. In the proposed model six constructs were examined on how they influence the intention to use. In the performed query, Hungarian university students’ behavioural intention is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and hedonic motivation. However social influence, atmosphere, and price sensitivity have no significant influence on use intention.

Headache attributed to craniotomy is an underestimated and under-treated condition. Previous studies confirmed the efficacy of preemptive analgesia with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of the present work was to test the hypothesis of whether a single preoperatively administered dose of dexketoprofen (DEX) has the potency to decrease postcraniotomy headache (PCH) as compared to placebo (PL).

A 42-year-old hunter with no previous medical history suffered an accidental gunshot injury while hunting. Upon arrival at our Hospital, the following musculosceletal laesions were diagnosed during the primary survey: comminuted right trochanteric and femur neck fracture, femoral and sciatic nerve palsy.The immediate damage control surgery consisted of debridement, jet-lavage, PMMA-chain insertion and extrafocal fixation. Structural neural damage was disclosed.Primarily the skin wound was treated by delayed closure and later the healing was supported by Negative Pressure Wound Therapy. Six weeks after, the extrafocal fixation was removed and antibiotic spacer was inserted. Primary wound healing occurred without any sign of infection. Neurological recovery of the extremity took almost a year. Low grade infection were excluded by serial labs and culture samples. Finally the patient underwent total hip arthroplasty with excellent result.

Our empirical research involved organisations operating in South Transdanubia (n = 241). The study aims to investigate the practices and methods adopted in the region to maintain the workforce during the pandemic. The research (questionnaire) sought to answer the question of how firms in the region, depending on their organisational size, adopt different HR practices to retain their workforce. In our study we confirmed all three hypotheses, regarding how organisations apply different HR practices to retain their workforce depending on their size, which is related to the different ways they develop their employees’ skills and the different programmes they use to deal with labour shortages. The sample is criticized for not being representative, although it seeks to be as heterogeneous as possible, which calls into question the generalisability of the results. In the future, we would like to examine whether the trends observed in South Transdanubia can be perceived in other parts of the country as part of a comparative study.

There are many methodologies that we can follow in software projects, including the traditional methods, at the forefront of which it was effective and with a good result, but with the constant increase in requirements resulting from the continuous and rapid development in science and technology and digital transformation; Traditional, highly structured project management methods lack flexibility, awareness of change, adaptability to it, and independence; It led to developing this methodology into an Agile methodology in the form it is currently known, which contributed to developing the team’s skills and knowledge. Our focus in this paper is a study on a data set affiliated with the Agile methodology by measuring effort using one of the well-known methods, monitoring the actual time and comparing it with the expected time to deliver a specific work, and also identifying the difficulties they face while working in different environments to build a comprehensive picture of the benefits and advantages of the Agile methodology.

The pharmaceutical market is in a constant state of dynamism. There have been many changes in the market recently, and the business environment has changed, one of the most important factors driving the market being consumer behaviour and habits. Trends towards a healthier lifestyle are reflected in changes in purchasing behaviour, with the consumption of dietary supplements becoming increasingly popular. Within the pharmaceutical supply chain, the analysis focuses on pharmacies. The aim of the study is to describe the market changes affecting pharmacy retailing, in particular the effects of changing consumer habits and more conscious purchasing and the impact of the strong presence of players outside the supply chain on pharmacy turnover.

In our study, we examine the theoretical and practical aspects of the elements of urban identity in the dimension of settlement geography. The question arises to what extent urban identity can be explored and concretised from this approach. First, the concept of settlement and the factors that form the basis of it will be examined, and then these will be interpreted from the perspective of settlement identity, with the help of literature sources. Subsequently, we will examine the extent to which the predominance of a particular settlement sphere (or factor) in a settlement is reflected in the settlement identity, using examples from Hungary, settlement websites, and settlement development concepts. The results show, on the one hand, that there are differences in perceptions of the factors of municipal identity, but that they are socially dominant, and, on the other hand, that the predominance of a factor in a municipality may be reflected in the emergence of a stronger identity, but that this is not always true, clear/obvious or traceable.

The automated induction of inflection rules is an important research area for computational linguistics. In this paper, we present a novel morphological rule induction model called B-Morpher that can be used for both inflection analysis and morphological analysis. The core element of the engine is a modified Bayes classifier in which class categories correspond to general string transformation rules. Beside the core classification module, the engine contains a neural network module and verification unit to improve classification accuracy. For the evaluation, beside the large Hungarian dataset the tests include smaller non-Hungarian datasets from the SIGMORPHON shared task pools. Our evaluation shows that the efficiency of B-Morpher is comparable with the best results, and it outperforms the state-of-theart base models for some languages. The proposed system can be characterized by not only high accuracy, but also short training time and small knowledge base size.

An irreversible consequence of urban expansion and industrial/infrastructural developments is that a significant extent of soil disappears in the affected area. In Hungary, no specific database shows the processes regarding soil degradation due to soil sealing, but remote sensing can contribute to this topic by providing relevant monitoring data on Earth’s surface. We evaluated the relationship between officially registered land withdrawal data and remote-sensed soil sealing data. For this, we collected land withdrawal data from the Zala County Government Office and compared them to the dataset of the LANDSUPPORT Decision Support System. Results show that the LANDSUPPORT data strongly correlate with the official data, which reliably indicates that soil sealing is related to land withdrawals. As the official data indicate the total area of land withdrawals and the LANDSUPPORT data indicate the sealed area, we could estimate the rate of soil sealing, which was 66% in the studied area.

ABSTRACT: Objective: Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, aerosol control in the operatory has become a key safety issue in dentistry. The utilisation of extraoral scavenger devices (EOSs) is one of the various approaches to in-treatment aerosol reduction in dentistry. The use and efficacy of EOSs in dental settings, however, are still a matter of debate in the literature and there are still open questions about their proper use. Thus, research into this area is essential to inform dental practice. The objective of this study was to examine the aerosol reduction efficacy of two different EOS in vitro. Methods: Two commercially available EOSs were tested during modeled dental treatment in a setup that previously proved to generate high aerosol load. Measurements were done in two particle size ranges: 5.6–560 nm (the full range of the spectrometer) and 60.4–392.4 nm (a range that is especially relevant to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 with aerosol). Results: Both devices managed to reduce the aerosol load to a statistically significant extent as compared to the scenario when only a high-volume evacuator and a saliva ejector (and no EOS) were used. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the results support the assumption that EOSs for aerosol reduction increase in-treatment safety in the dental operatory.

The growing number of electric vehicles and devices drives the demand for lithium-ion batteries. The purpose of the batteries used in electric vehicles and applications is primarily to preserve the cells and extend their lifetime, but they will wear out over time, even under ideal conditions. Most battery system failures are caused by a few cells, but the entire system may have to be scrapped in such cases. To address this issue, the goal is to create a concept that will extend the life of batteries while reducing the industrial and chemical waste generated by batteries. Secondary use can increase battery utilization and extend battery life. However, processing a large number of used battery cells at an industrial level is a significant challenge for both manufacturers and users. The different battery sizes and compositions used by various manufacturers of electric vehicles and electronic devices make it extremely difficult to solve the processing problem at the system level. The purpose of this study is to look into non-destructive battery diagnostic options. During the tests, the condition of the cells is assessed using a new diagnostic technique, 3D surface digitalization, and the fusion of electrical parameters. In the case of surface digitalization, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to estimate the cell state. The tests were conducted on various cells with widely used geometries and encapsulations. These included a lithium polymer (soft casing), 18650 standard sizes (hard casing), and prismatic cells (semi-hard). The study also included testing each battery at various charge states during charging and discharging. The findings help to clarify the changes in battery cell geometry and their localization. The findings can be applied to cell diagnostic applications such as recycling, quality assurance, and vehicle diagnostics.

BackgroundVaccination has proven the potential to control the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Although recent evidence suggests a poor humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated hematological disease (HD) patients, data on vaccination in these patients is limited with the comparison of mRNA-based, vector-based or inactivated virus-based vaccines.MethodsForty-nine HD patients and 46 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled who received two-doses complete vaccination with BNT162b2, or AZD1222, or BBIBP-CorV, respectively. The antibodies reactive to the receptor binding domain of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were assayed by Siemens ADVIA Centaur assay. The reactive cellular immunity was assayed by flow cytometry. The PBMCs were reactivated with SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the production of activation-induced markers (TNF-α, IFN-γ, CD40L) was measured in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells ex vivo.ResultsThe anti-RBD IgG level was the highest upon BNT162b2 vaccination in HDs (1264 BAU/mL) vs. HCs (1325 BAU/mL) among the studied groups. The BBIBP-CorV vaccination in HDs (339.8 BAU/mL ***p

Triticale has been introduced into grain-growing fields and acidic sandy soils among cereals. Extensive breeding has resulted in the development of excellent triticale varieties. In our work, we used the triticale variety GK Maros as the crop, known for its high adaptability and cost- effectiveness in production. This variety's vigorous root and stem growth contributes to its tolerance to drought and heat shock. Our experiment was set up at the University of Nyíregyháza's study farm in 2023/2024, on 10 hectares. The experimental area has been under organic farming since 2015. The manure used in the experiment is a by-product of one of Europe's largest poultry breeding companies, Baromfi Coop Ltd. This granulated organic manure is successfully used in many areas of crop production. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of fermented poultry manure on triticale crops in a large-scale field experiment. Our study focused on overall triticale yield and quality parameters, including protein content, weight per hectare, and gluten content. Our findings show that using poultry manure on sandy soils for triticale production increased yield, although the first year did not show a significant increase. Our research is unique and innovative because it addresses a significant gap in knowledge. While there is extensive research showing the effectiveness of various organic fertilizers, these findings may not be applicable in organic farming, poor soil conditions, and extreme weather conditions. Our experiment aims to bridge this gap in knowledge.

Different housing technology, breed, age and nutrition can contribute to changes in the composition of microbial communities in pigs. Faecal samples from groups of Mangalica and commercial pigs were collected and analysed by qPCR in order to identify changes and differences regarding the quantity of total faecal bacteria, Prevotella genus, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. and the family Enterobacteriaceae. In both Mangalica and commercial pig samples, quantities of total faecal bacteria increased from weaner pigs to lactating sows. The relative quantity of total bacteria was larger (p

The equation of state of Quantum Chromodynamics has been in recent years the focus of intense effort from first principle methods, mostly lattice simulations, with particular interest to the finite baryon density regime. Because of the sign problem, various extrapolation methods have been used to reconstruct bulk properties of the theory up to as far as μB=T ≃ 3:5. However, said efforts rely on the equation of state at vanishing baryon density as an integration constant, which up to μB=T ≃ 2 - 2:5 proves to be the dominant source of uncertainty at the level of precision currently available. In this contribution we present the update of our equation of state at zero net baryon density from 2014, performing a continuum limit from lattices with Nτ = 8; 10; 12; 16. We show how the improved precision is translated in a lower uncertainty on the extrapolated equation of state at finite chemical potential.

We calculate the grand canonical fluctuations of the net baryon number and net strangeness in the region of chiral crossover from lattice QCD. We continuum extrapolate the results in a finite volume using the new 4HEX discretization scheme up to χ6B and also for χ8B at a single temperature. Our results contradict recent estimates at a finite lattice spacing. See Ref. [1] for the full version of this work.

The decline in groundwater levels is a cause of concern in many regions of the world, including the Sand Ridge of Hungary. The causes of the regional depletion range from rising air temperatures, changes in precipitation, domestic and agricultural groundwater use and past amelioration and recent afforestation, including the effects of drilling for crude oil exploration. The relations between the decline, the soil water regime and groundwater recharge under existing aged forests remained unclear thus far. Based on our monitoring of groundwater and soil moisture we aim to clarify this interplay in a new experimental site on the hilltop of the Sand Ridge. We compared three land-uses: a 41-year-old black locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia) offshoot forest, an 83-year-old first generation black pine (Pinus nigra) forest, and a grassland control site. The observed differences in the soil moisture profiles and dynamics were connected to the use of water by the given type of vegetation. We indicated a connection between the disruption of the groundwater recharge and the loss of contact of the rooting system of the forests with the deepening of the unconfined aquifer. Even if the aged forests could locally contribute to the decline, we conclude that the decline at the hilltop site that may be more strongly driven by other regional factors.

Abstract The goal of the present study is to examine the cognitive/affective physiological correlates of passenger travel experience in autonomously driven transportation systems. We investigated the social acceptance and cognitive aspects of self-driving technology by measuring physiological responses in real-world experimental settings using eye-tracking and EEG measures simultaneously on 38 volunteers. A typical test run included human-driven (Human) and Autonomous conditions in the same vehicle, in a safe environment. In the spectrum analysis of the eye-tracking data we found significant differences in the complex patterns of eye movements: the structure of movements of different magnitudes were less variable in the Autonomous drive condition. EEG data revealed less positive affectivity in the Autonomous condition compared to the human-driven condition while arousal did not differ between the two conditions. These preliminary findings reinforced our initial hypothesis that passenger experience in human and machine navigated conditions entail different physiological and psychological correlates, and those differences are accessible using state of the art in-world measurements. These useful dimensions of passenger experience may serve as a source of information both for the improvement and design of self-navigating technology and for market-related concerns.