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Car wash services generate wastewater that consists of many contaminants. The discharge of raw car wash wastewater would bring adverse impacts to the environment. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of activated carbon derived from coconut shells to treat car wash wastewater. In this study, activated carbon (AC) prepared from coconut shells shows a good microporosity structure with functional groups on the surface. The performance of activated carbon prepared is evaluated by determining the removal efficiency of the parameter including COD, BOD, and heavy metals concentration (zinc and iron) from car wash wastewater. The operating parameters are dosage (0.2 - 1.0 g/100 mL), contact time of 30 min-150 min and pH adjustment (pH 3 - pH 9). Throughout the research, the highest removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, zinc, and iron from automatic car wash wastewater are 91.03 %, 88.51 %, 68.25 %, and 86.09 % respectively achieved by 0.8 g of carbon dosage under 90 rpm agitation speed for 60 min. Under the same operational condition, CSAC removed 84.43 % COD, 81.80 % BOD, 59.78 % zinc, and 78.58 % iron from manual car wash wastewater. Therefore, the removal of pollutants from car wash water by using activated carbon derived from coconut shells has been proven to be an effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although investigation of microplastics (MPs) present in air environment has been intensively carried out, quantification, characteristics, and distribution of MPs released from the waste burning furnace (WBF) has been missing in literature. The aim of this study was to characterize the presence of MPs released from WBFs and analyze their associated health impacts. The examined locations were at two WBFs (nominated as TPS1 and TPS2) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. MPs were collected using a 9 cm diameter glass beaker for a period of 8 h at two different sampling points, which are 3 and 15 m from each WBF. Several characteristics of MPs in terms of the number of particles, size, shape, color, and polymer type were comprehensively characterized. This study found that the obtained MPs were of fiber type and in the range of 46–77 and 41–59 particles at TPS1 and TPS2, respectively. In general, the polymer types of MPs were, respectively, cellophane and polytetrafluoroethylene at TPS1 and TPS2. Moreover, it was estimated that about 1.9–2.3 MPs can enter the human body via inhalation. This study offers a pilot examination of MPs released from WBF and findings from this study are crucial to provide new knowledge as a basis to carefully regulate the use of WBF particularly that are located closely to local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N) and cerium (Ce) co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) supported activated carbon (AC) (N-Ce-AC/TiO2) were synthesized to remove antibiotic tetracycline from aqueous solution via adsorption and photodegradation. The sol--gel technique, aided by microwave radiation, was used to synthesize N-Ce-AC/TiO2. Central composite design under response surface methodology was used to optimize the variables comprising urea (N source) (A: 0.02-0.20 g), cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce source) (B: 0.02-0.20 g), activated carbon (C: 0.10-0.50 g), and microwave power (D: 600--800 W), where the degradation of tetracycline was the response. Characterization of the produced catalyst was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the Brunauer--Emmett--Teller method for determining surface-texture parameters. N-Ce-AC/TiO2 prepared with 0.50 g activated carbon, doped with 0.02 g urea and 0.20 g cerium, and activated at microwave power 600 W for 15 min exhibited 91.08% tetracycline removal when subjected to 7 W of UV irradiation, according to the results of optimal variable preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of microplastics (MPs) in sea salt pond has the potential to pollute produced commercial salt. Therefore, identification and quantification of MPs in sea salt pond become necessary. This study was aimed to estimate the abundance of MPs in Osowilangun and Pademawu sea salt ponds producing commercial salt. Properties of the identified MPs in terms of shapes, color, size, and polymer type were characterized. This study found that the two study locations contained MPs with different levels, namely, a total of 38 particles were found in the Pademawu sea salt pond and 35 particles were found in the Osowilangun sea salt pond. Colors for the identified MPs were blue, black, red, and white depending on the sampling points and samples. In addition, size of MPs ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 mm and shape of MPs was dominated by fragment (90.32%) in Osowilangun sea salt pond and 86.98% in Pademawu sea salt pond. Findings of this study are highly important and significant for confirming the presence of MPs in sea salt ponds before producing for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sukolilo District has 115,855 inhabitants with a population density of 4,897 inhabitants/square kilometers. The increase of population simultaneously increase the rate of waste generation. The increase in the rate of waste generation affects waste collection. Thus, optimization of waste management in operational, technical, and community participation aspects in Sukolilo District, Surabaya City, is needed. The optimization of waste management require to forecast the population, the amount of waste generation, and its effect on the number of waste transportation fleets in the next 10 years. Therefore, this research presented the data in order to solve the issue of waste management. This research is convenienly offered to be one of the major consideration for the Sukolilo District Government in accordance with the waste management issue. Field surveys were conducted to collect data on population, waste generation, and the condition of the waste fleet. Then, the data was analyzed with linear regression model to estimate the total waste generation and waste fleet. The projected population growth in 2030 is 146,054 people. The calculation of the amount of waste generation based on the formula from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Regulation in 2030 is 26,655 tons/year. Meanwhile based the result of this study, the simple linear regression equation in 2030 is 65,442 tons/year. The increase in waste generation from 2021 to 2030 reached 35,041 tons, with a percentage of 115%. Thus, that, the calculation of the waste fleet requirements for the next 10 years is 40 waste container tanks and 20 arm roll trucks. Population growth in Sukolilo District is in line with the total amount of waste generation. Therefore, it is necessary to add a waste fleet at that location in the next 10 years. The authors suggest that improving the quality and the quantity of the waste fleet is indeed recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developed countries, contamination of soil due to industrial activities and illegal toxic waste disposal has been identified as major environmental problems. Established mechanisms for identifying, prioritizing, characterizing, assessing, and improving soil conditions have been implemented to reduce risks to human health and environmental receptors. However, the Contaminated Land Management System (CLMS) and the practices for the management of this contaminated land in Malaysia, including the enforcement of legislation are ineffective. The objective of this study is to discuss an overview of potential chemical substances, especially regarding its existence in contaminated soil in Malaysia. The report also examines the parameters of several heavy metals especially arsenic and mercury found in contaminated soil areas. In addition, this study is an explanatory effort to assess the level and characteristics of illegal disposal including current enforcement practices in Malaysia after three guidelines related to contaminated land management were developed by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia in 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various waste management strategies have been discussed by the above-mentioned collection of articles including the use of eco-enzymes, flood management, heavy metal pollution management, and the circular economy concept in waste management in developing countries. HEAVY METAL REMOVAL Heavy metal removal in the ecosystem is described in the following six articles. Ratnasari et al. ([19]) evaluated a powerful and flexible mathematical model, modified mass transfer factor model (MMTF), for describing the mechanism of numerous heavy metal and dye pollutants adsorbed onto various adsorbents. The special issue carries 27 articles exploring various aspects of environmental quality including nano adsorbent, waste management, wastewater treatment, and heavy metal removal. [Extracted from the article]

Studies on advantageous of natural fillers incorporated into polymer composites on thermo-physical and mechanical properties are still intensively investigated. Several evidences suggest that the natural fillers with small contents combined with polymer increase their composite properties. We thus investigate thermo-physical properties of kenaf-filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites. ABS with 5% kenaf microparticle size (ABS/K5), ABS with 5% kenaf short fiber (ABS/KSF5), and recycled ABS with 5% kenaf microparticle size (RABS/K5) were manufactured. Granular composites were manufactured by the twin screw extruder. Composite properties in terms of X-ray diffractions, surface morphologies, and thermal behaviors were investigated. The present work found that ABS/KSF5 has the highest degree of crystallinity compared to others. No significant difference was found in terms of thermal properties of the composites.

Most of the causes of river pollution are due to the impact of human activities through the development of new construction projects, agriculture, industry and others. As an alternative to deal with this problem, macro-composite has been used as a pretreatment process to treat wastewater before discharge into the river. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the water quality of the effluent and to investigate the treatment efficiency of different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) using macro-composite technology in treating the effluent from Flat Taman Jaya. The parameters tested were chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), pH, total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity and total phosphate (TP). The efficacy of the macro-composites was tested by immersing 70% of the macro-composites into the 750 mL wastewater sample for five different periods. The results of each wastewater sample were measured after 2 d of treatment. The results showed that the most efficient treatment was achieved with the macro-composite at 3 d HRT with COD, NH3-N, TSS, turbidity and TP removal of 80%, 97%, 60%, 49% and 89%, respectively, at pH 7.33. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area of polluted water expands day by day due to the rapid increase in agricultural activities. Application and the excessive amount of fertilizer in the agricultural activity can reduce the water quality. One of the alternative way to remove pollutants from polluted water is phytoremediation technique. This paper attempt to evaluate the potential of Azolla pinnata act as a phytoremediation to treat the agricultural water. Three types of media with different dosage which are tap water, water added with organic fertilizer (chicken manure: dosage range of 10-30 g), and water added with inorganic fertilizer (growing fertilizer: dosage range of 10-30 g) were employed. Media B10 (water added with 10 g organic fertilizer) had the highest removal efficiencies for NH3-N, PO3-4, and NO-3 with 25%, 38.5% and 30%. In addition, turbidity and pH value diminished to 15.65% and 18.6%, respectively. However, it indicated that Azolla pinnata has the potential as an agent of phytoremediation especially for water polluted with organic fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of National Nutrition Journal / Media Gizi Indonesia is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the settling profile and chemical characteristics of latex aerobic granules cultivated from rubber industrial wastewater. Latex‐based aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was cultivated using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in supplemented with synthetic wastewater (SW) as nutrients feeding for biogranulation process. The bioreactor was operated for 24 h with eight series of intermittent 3 h SBR cycles continuously. The SBR configuration comprises of five operation phases from SW feeding, aeration, settling, and effluent decanting to idle. Latex granules exhibit a loose and irregular structure dominated by coccal‐shaped bacteria with an average size of 4.0–5.0 mm and a settling velocity of 0.35–0.53 m h–1. The elemental analysis using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) showed that the latex granules contained various elements while X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested the presence of zincowoodwardite, berlinite, rutile, and quartz. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkene, alkyne, and tertiary amine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure of carbon monoxide (CO) released by insect repellent has a negative impact on health by forming carboxyhemoglobin (CO‐Hb) as a trigger for oxidative stress in the human body. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effect of commercial anti‐mosquitos on CO‐Hb and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the blood. Effect of electric spray, coils, and electric mats on CO‐Hb and MDA levels in blood was evaluated using male Wistar rats (8 h per day) and monitored for 20 days. The study found that the highest increase in CO‐Hb and CO‐Hb levels in the blood was observed when exposed to electric spray formula compared to other anti‐mosquitos. In addition, the highest increase in MDA levels also occurred when exposed to the electric spray. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between CO‐Hb and MDA levels in the blood (p‐value = 0.000). High CO‐Hb levels in the blood could stimulate oxidative stress and lead to cell damage in the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze water quality and control water pollution in the Pucang River in Sidoarjo Regency. The method was used to identify water quality of the 11 parameters and compared them the Government Regulation number 22 of 2021 about water quality standards in Indonesia. Secondary data from 2018 to 2020 were used in this study. Determination of water quality status using the pollution indices method attached in Decree of the State Minister of the Environment number 115 of 2003. Analysis of water pollution control strategies using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats approach. The condition of the water quality of the Pucang River in 2018–2020, based on the water pollution parameter test, experienced a decrease in the rate indicated by the presence of parameters that exceeded the quality standard. Determination of the quality status of water quality in 2018–2020, there was an increase in water quality marked by the rise in the pollution indices value where the water quality was moderately polluted heavily polluted. The conclusion is that the water quality of the Pucang River in 2018–2020 has decreased from the moderately polluted category to the heavily polluted, and the condition of river water cannot be used for its designation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In textile industries, residual dyes and heavy metals are usually released into environment via wastewater effluent. Because of their negative effects not only to environment but also to human health, these contaminants are required to be removed from water environment. To achieve the effective adsorption of dye and heavy metal, the adsorption mechanism needs to be understood clearly. In this study, the complexity of adsorption of Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR), methyl orange (MO), copper (Cu) ions, and iron (Fe) ions onto numerous natural adsorbents was analyzed using the modified mass transfer factor model (MMTF). The secondary adsorption data were collected from various sources. The study found that MMTF has a superior adaptability for describing the mechanism of the adsorption of dyes and heavy metals both in solely and in multi solute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elucidate the efficacy of eco‐enzyme in mediating contaminated waters, an onsite investigation was conducted spanning over a 5‐month duration on three ponds receiving iron‐containing groundwater continuously. Eco‐enzyme was applied at designated dosages and time. Water samples were collected fortnightly for in situ monitoring of water quality. Parameters determined included total suspended solids (TSS), pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammoniacal‐nitrogen (NH3), and dissolved oxygen. During the investigation, eco‐enzyme application was halted for nearly a month owing to the enforcement of Movement Control Order to curb the rising Covid‐19 cases. The results revealed that the application of eco‐enzyme has improved the overall water quality of the three ponds. A 99.9% of TSS removal was achieved. For the other parameters measured, the concentration fluctuated over time and the water quality status of the pond interchanged between slightly polluted and clean. The elevation of the water quality was largely dependent on the frequency of the eco‐enzyme application. This study, therefore, concludes that eco‐enzyme possessed the capability to enhance the quality of contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood caused by overflowing water from river has become a major issue in Southeast Asia, as it has caused economic losses and deaths. Therefore, the present work aims to propose an alternative approach for morphometric analysis of the Ciliwung River Upper Stream (CRU) without the geographic information system technique use for flood prevention strategy application. For the river network simulation, an agent‐based model having several rules in terms of agent, landscaping, and action was adopted. In addition, the river morphometric characteristics, namely, river network, river order, bifurcation ratio, length‐order ratio, fractal dimension, watershed density, and river capacity were estimated. It was found that the proposed technique was able to estimate the river morphometric characteristics of CRU. CRU has the river order, bifurcation ratio, length‐order ratio, fractal dimension, watershed density, and river capacity of 4, 1.1–2.5, 0.6–1.1, 1.84, 0.01 km km–2, and 1,404,060 L, respectively. It was also identified four suitable locations to build artificial dams for flood prevention strategy by employing the presently proposed technique. The proposed artificial dams with heights ranging from 10 m to 25 m demonstrated to have capability to prevent flood in the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]