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Emulsifier as the mixture of monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) is widely used in the food industry such as bakery products, margarines, dairy products, and confectionary. This emulsifier can be produced by glycerolysis of fatty acids using acid catalyst. In this work, natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was chosen as a catalyst in the glycerolysis of stearic acid due to greener and sustainable catalyst with advantages such as low vapor pressure, non-toxic, biodegradable, and easy to reuse. The catalytic activity of the NADES, kinetic constants and activation energies for the reaction were investigated. The reaction was carried out at agitation speed (300 rpm), catalyst concentration (5 wt%), reaction temperatures (120 °C, 150 °C and 180 °C) and reactant mole ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 1:6). Choline chloride-sorbitol NADES has highest catalytic activity on the glycerolysis of stearic acid. The kinetic calculation results using choline chloride-sorbitol NADES as a catalyst validated that the reaction was pseudo second order with an activation energy of 64.04 kJ∙mol−1, and a collision factor of 196,696 L∙mol−1∙min−1. This kinetics data will be useful for reactor design in industrial applications.

The Al-Anshar Foundation is an institution currently undertaking various projects and initiatives in the fields of education, social welfare, health, economics, culture, and public health. One of the business units managed by the foundation is the Ikhwan Meatball business, which is currently facing challenges such as limited production and market reach due to the short shelf life of the meatballs produced at room temperature. In this community engagement activity, a team consist of lecturers in the fields of chemical engineering and agriculture, was making efforts to assist the partner in addressing these challenges by equipping them with knowledge and skills to use liquid smoke from coconut shell as a natural preservative in meatball production. The activities included coordination with relevant parties, assistance in liquid smoke production, training on liquid smoke usage, product’s packaging improvement, and monitoring and evaluation. This initiative has yielded positive impacts, including an increase in the partner's skills in producing liquid smoke, a better understanding of the partner regarding the utilization of liquid smoke in meatball production, and an extension of the product's shelf life.

Abstract Trypanosoma evansi is reportedly divided into two genotypes: types A and B. The type B is uncommon and reportedly limited to Africa: Kenya Sudan, and Ethiopia. In contrast, type A has been widely reported in Africa, South America, and Asia. However, Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B has never been reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the species and genotype of the Trypanozoon subgenus using a robust identification algorithm. Forty-three trypanosoma isolates from Indonesia were identified as Trypanosoma evansi using a molecular identification algorithm. Further identification showed that 39 isolates were type A and 4 isolates were possibly non-A/B types. The PML, AMN-SB1, and STENT3 isolates were likely non-A/B type Trypanosoma evansi isolated from buffalo, while the PDE isolates were isolated from cattle. Cladistic analysis revealed that Indonesian Trypanosoma evansi was divided into seven clusters based on the gRNA-kDNA minicircle gene. Clusters 6 and 7 are each divided into two sub-clusters. The areas with the highest genetic diversity are the provinces of Banten, Central Java (included Yogyakarta), and East Nusa Tenggara. The Central Java (including Yogyakarta) and East Nusa Tenggara provinces, each have four sub-clusters, while Banten has three.

Tujuan studi. Tujuan penelitian ini meningkatkan keterampilan passing bawah dengan menggunakan model Project Based Learning (PjBL). Bahan dan metode. Rancangan penelitian model Kurt Lewin merupakan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik Kelas X SMKN-1 Pandih Batu yang berjumlah 15 orang. Objek penelitian untuk meningkatkan keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli dengan menggunakan model Project Based Learning (PjBL). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Instrumen tes ujuk kerja keterampilan passing bawah. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil. Berdasarkan analisis data menunjukkan hasil pembelajaran passing bawah bolavoli menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada siklus I hanya 9 orang atau 60% peserta didik yang tuntas dan 6 orang atau 40% peserta diddik yang tidak tuntas selanjutnya pada siklus II terdapat peningkatan dari 15 orang peserta didik 11 orang atau 73% peserta didik yang tuntas dan 4 orang atau 27% peserta didik yang tidak tuntas. Kesimpulan. Capaian hasil belajar keterampilan passing bawah bolavoli terlihat peningkatan dari siklus I dan siklus II dengan menggunakan model Pembelajaran passing bawah bolavoli meningkat secara keseluruhan.

Teachers are the key to the success of a nation in improving the quality of life of its people in the future. This research aims to find research gaps with previous research which makes four main points to be used as questions in this research, namely 1. Analyzing the characteristics of millennial employees, work culture, and personal job fit towards lecturer competence. 2. Analyzing millennial employees, work culture, and personal job fit on lecturer performance 3. Analyzing lecturer competency on lecturer performance 4. Analyzing the extent to which the role of lecturer competence mediates the characteristics of millennial employees, work culture, and personal job fit on lecturer performance. This research method uses quantitative research with an explanatory research approach. The number of samples in this study was 105 selected using the census method. To test the hypothesis in this study, structural equation model analysis techniques were used. The results of this research show that the findings show that efforts to increase Employee Engagement through millennial employee characteristics, work culture, and personal job Fit have the potential to make a positive contribution to improving employee performance. The following recommendations are for teachers to increase employee engagement, so teachers need to be focused and stimulated to encourage teachers to be more innovative in their work so they can improve teacher performance and for future researchers to evaluate the variables of this research on different populations and increase the population size.

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affects several aspects of food safety and food delivery hygiene for online food delivery applications (OFDAs). Several previous studies conducted at various times during the COVID-19 pandemic have yielded interesting results. This study aimed to determine and analyze whether perceptions of food safety and food delivery hygiene are short-term and long-term predictors of behavioral intention to use OFDAs. Methods: A quantitative approach and structural modeling were used in this study. SmartPLS is used to analyze five direct and two mediating effects of the variables used in this study. The data sample consists of OFDA users in Greater Jakarta during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Perceived food safety has a significant effect on behavioral intention to use these applications but does not affect behavioral intention to continue using these applications. Perceived food delivery hygiene does not influence using these apps for either short-term or long-term behavioral purposes. Experience with these apps related to food safety and food delivery hygiene during a pandemic can be indicative of their long-term viability. The mediating effect of behavioral intention to use on behavioral intention to continue using these apps affects perceived food safety but not food delivery hygiene. Conclusion: By emphasizing vaccination and boosting against COVID-19, providing hand sanitizer, and preserving the cleanliness and integrity of food packaging, the findings of this study can be put into practice towards the sustainable usage of OFDAs.

Kelor (Moringa oleifera) diketahui memiliki kandungan nutrien lengkap dan kaya antioksidan serta memiliki potensi sebagai aditif pakan untuk memperbaiki kinerja reproduksi puyuh. Ukuran anatomi, histomorfometri, dan profil histologi oviduk merupakan indikator yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kinerja reproduksi puyuh periode produksi. Riset ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memberi analisis ukuran anatomi, histomorfometri, dan profil histologi oviduk puyuh periode produksi setelah diberi imbuhan aditif pakan tepung daun kelor. Desain riset ini dilakukan dengan acak lengkap yang meliputi 5 perlakuan, masing-masing perlakuan diulang 9 kali. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah puyuh betina umur 20 hari yang berjumlah 45 ekor. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0 (kontrol) berupa pakan standar tidak diberi aditif pakan tepung kelor dan perlakuan aditif pakan tepung daun kelor dalam pakan standar, masing-masing dengan kadar 2,5% (P1); 5% (P2); 7,5% (P3) 10% (P4) per bobot pakan. Variabel penelitian yang diukur meliputi ukuran oviduk, antara lain bobot total oviduk, panjang oviduk, infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina. Variabel histomorfometri, meliputi tebal lapisan muskularis, tinggi, dan lebar kelenjar mukosa magnum. Profil histologi oviduk meliputi gambaran lapisan muskularis dan mukosa magnum. Data hasil riset selanjutnya diolah dengan analisis variansi satu arah pada signifikansi 5% dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil riset yang diperoleh menyatakan imbuhan tepung M. oleifera tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi ukuran anatomo serta histomorfometri oviduk. Profil histologi oviduk menunjukkan aditif pakan Tepung daun M. oleifera dengan kadar 2,5% serta 5% berpotensi meningkatkan proliferasi sel, sedangkan pada kadar 7,5%, dan 10% berpotensi mempertahankan integritas seluler lapisan muskularis dan mukosa magnum. Riset ini mendapatkan kesimpulan bahwa aditif pakan tepung daun M. oleifera dapat digunakan sebagai aditif pakan untuk mempertahankan ukuran anatomi dan histomorfometri oviduk serta berpotensi meningkatkan proliferasi sel dan mempertahankan integritas seluler pada puyuh periode produksi.

This article aims to describe the application of the Learning Organization in developing the competence of teacher educator resources in pesantren. This research has been conducted at Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School (Madrasah Bertaraf Internasional). The research that has been used is qualitative with a case study approach. The data collection techniques use interviews with informants, namely, the head of the MBI coordinator, teachers, and some students. Observation involves past participant observation, and documentation includes reviewing data related to professional development carried out by teachers. The findings of this study are as follows: strict recruitment of education personnel who are under the pesantren's national insight and affiliated with Aswaja NU, strengthening the pesantren organizational culture through leadership training via organizational activities, and teachers conducting scientific integration, combining the Egyptian Al Azhar curriculum with the national curriculum. Teachers' professional development cannot be separated from the support of pesantren, which provides more compensation and discipline in carrying out teachers' duties.

Antimicrobial resistance is the rising global health issue that should not be ignored. This problem needs to be addressed and professionally handled since it is starting to threaten global health, which eventually could lead to disaster. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria were found threatening lives, since most antibiotics were found to not be effective in treating patients with infections caused by those bacteria. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the two most reported bacteria in causing the bacteremia and nosocomial infections worldwide. In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in causing blood stream and urinary tract infections in Indonesia were compared to the neighboring countries based on the global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system performed worldwide by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Indonesia and its neighboring countries were assayed and compared in order to evaluate the antimicrobial resistances. By comparing the prevalence data to the neighboring countries, some insightful evidence and information was served to support improved health in Indonesia. Some hurdles and strategies in combating the antimicrobial resistances were further discussed. Eventually, an alternate solution to overcome the antimicrobial drug resistance should be well-provided, studied and implemented globally.

The aim of this research is to find out the role of the principal of Santo Yusuf Middle School in building an attitude of religious tolerance using a qualitative research approach. The current era of globalization and increasing cases of religious intolerance in educational institutions make this research even more important to be discussed as a solution and recommendation for school principals to optimize their leadership roles in the educational institutions they lead. This research method uses in-depth interview techniques with key informants, namely the school principal and supporting informants, namely Muslim and non-Muslim teachers. The findings of this research found that the role of the principal has a significant influence on the success of building an attitude of tolerance in schools by mobilizing the school community with the initiative to create internal guidelines, directing by equalizing mutually agreed perceptions, guiding in an accommodating manner and being a good role model, protecting rights. school community through assimilation and development programs through internal routine programs and interfaith cultural programs. This finding is also an additional option for school principals in increasing the values ​​of tolerance in schools as well as strengthening that the important role of school principals has a significant impact on the conduciveness of the work environment and improving the quality of education at large. Conduciveness through an appropriate humanitarian approach will influence the development of holistic potential students both intellectually, socially, emotionally, and spiritually, with that the potential risk of intolerance at school can be prevented and overcome.

Pendidikan karakter penting diberikan sejak dini untuk menanamkan karakter dan nilai-nilai yang positif. Salah satu karakter yang perlu dimiliki siswa adalah karakter nasionalisme karena maraknya kasus dekstruktif dalam konteks kebangsaan. Hal tersebut tidak mudah dilakukan, apalagi dengan pembelajaran yang monoton. Permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut memaksa guru untuk segera melakukan inovasi pembelajaran, khususnya terkait penanaman nilai-nilai karakter nasionalisme. Salah satu teknik yang dapat diterapkan adalah dengan menerapkan Living Values Education Program (LVEP). LVEP merupakan sebuah program pendidikan nilai yang menghadirkan berbagai pengalaman dan metode praktis bagi guru dan fasilitator untuk membantu anak-anak dan remaja mengeksplorasi dan mengembangkan nilai-nilai penting personal dan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh Living Values Education Program (LVEP) terhadap karakter nasionalisme siswa sekolah dasar dalam pembelajaran PPKn. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis quasi˗eksperiment. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan angket. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan paired sample t-test. Hasil analisis uji beda nilai pretest dan posttest penerapan LVEP menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karakter nasionalisme siswa. Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh LVEP terhadap karakter nasionalisme siswa sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung penelitian-penelitian LVEP sebelumnya.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya prestasi matematika siswa. Hal ini disebabkan oleh minimnya aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini bagaimana pelaksanaan aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model PBL, SR, dan QOD hingga berdampak pada peningkatan prestasi belajar matematika siswa khususnya pada materi kubus dan balok. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam empat kali pertemuan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Muhammadiyah 6 Banjarmasin. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran serta prestasi matematika siswa yang diperoleh dari soal yang diberikan pada akhir pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru terlaksana berdasarkan langkah-langkah pembelajaran dengan kategori sangat baik, aktivitas siswa memperoleh kategori sangat aktif dan hampir seluruh siswa sangat aktif di kelas, dan prestasi matematika siswa secara individu maupun kelompok telah memenuhi ketuntasan minimal yang telah ditetapkan yaitu 70 > 82%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL, SR, dan QOD pada muatan matematika materi bangun ruang kubus dan balok mampu terlaksana dengan baik sesuai dengan langkah pembelajaran yang dibuat sehingga meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi matematika siswa. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan referensi dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa khususnya dalam pembelajaran matematika.

The growth of the world's human population demands greater energy fulfillment and the main energy source that has been used so far is fossil fuels. Nuclear energy produced in a nuclear reactor is used as a competitive contributor with other sources of electrical energy such as coal, oil, gas, water, and others. So that the contribution of energy from various aspects becomes something that must be taken as a mutually beneficial strategic partner in meeting future energy needs that are economical and environmentally friendly at both national and international levels. The result of this research is energy is a primary need in modern human life. Almost all aspects of life require energy as its prime mover. In the beginning, people used fossil energy to fulfill their needs. The limited amount of fossil energy on earth has resulted in many people competing to create renewable energy with the characteristics of low cost, high stability, and high efficiency. Energy savings are urgent to be done so that the nation can survive in the midst of a crisis like this. In addition, this is also a warning that excessive dependence on fossil energy sources or primary energy such as oil, coal and natural gas is not a good option. Modern energy sources include solar energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, hydro energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, hydrogen fuel cell energy, and biofuel energy. So that in the development of nuclear energy, treaty rules are made and there is international law in it. This is done so that every country in developing its nuclear energy still maintains international peace and security.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendidikan keluarga, riyadhah dan karakter, serta bagaimana hubungan dan dinamikan ketiga variabel tersebut dalam pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN pontren Suryalaya. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix methode (pendekatan kuantitatif dan penekatan kualitatif dikolaborasikan sehingga menjadi model sempurna, dengan metode survey, content analysis, dan case study. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 orang yang diambil dari para pengikut TQN dari dalam dan luar negeri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan beberapa hal, yaitu : (1). Pendidikan keluarga pengamal TQN secara umum baik, walaupun di era modern ini terdapat pergeseran nialai pendidikan keluarga terutama ketauladanan dan pembiasaan. (2). Riyadhah merupakan amaliah ritual pangamal TQN dilaksanakan dengan baik dan konsisten, walaupun beberapa ritual seperti manaqiban dan ziarah masih dilaksanakan oleh kalangan tertentu karena keterbatasan waktu, (3). Karakter pengamal TQN tergolong baik. (4). Pendidikan keluarga berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (5). Riyadhoh berhubungan secara positif dan signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (6). Pendidikan keluarga dan riyadlah berhubungan secarapositifdansignifikanterhadappembentukankarakterpengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (7). Pendidikan Keluarga melalui riyadhah berhubungan secara positif dan signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (8). Nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat dalam ajaran TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya, yang tidak terdapat dalam permen diknas yang 18, yaitu : (a). kesadaran diri, (b). pengenalan diri, (c). pengendaliah diri, (d). kesadaran akan adanya Allah yang maha segalanya, (e). kesadaran hati sebagai alat menghadap Allah, (f). rasa cinta kepada Allah, (g). rasa syukur kepada Allah, dan h. ikhlash dan istikomah.( 9). Ditemukan ada 2 Pola pendidikan keluarga yang baik dan tidak baik; Ada 4 pola riyadhoh, yaitu umum, Khusus, Khususul Khusus, dan Penugasan ; dan Ada 3 pola pendidikan pembentukan karakter, yaitu Pola Pendidikan Berkah, Pola Pendidikan Krisis dan Pola Pendidikan Taubat.

Sustainable aquaculture is crucial for environmental and economic stability in tropical regions. JICA tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) aquaculture development in Sumatran peatlands requires sustainable fry. This study aimed to analyze the optimal egg density to maximize larval production in a controlled hatchery environment. Utilizing a randomized experimental approach, we obtained eggs from naturally spawned tilapia, hatched in a funnel container (top diameter 30 cm; bottom diameter 15 cm; height 50 cm; water volume 10 L) within a 5 x 10 x 1 m3 tub filled with 90 cm of water using a recirculation system. We compared two densities: 2,000 eggs/L water and 3,000 eggs/L water. The findings of our study indicate that the difference in hatching rate between egg densities of 2000 eggs/L and 3000 eggs/L was not significant at the 95% confidence level (p> 0.05). Increasing the egg density to 3000 eggs/L does not significantly reduce the hatching rate, making it possible to consider higher densities without significant risks to larval production. This offers a model that can be replicated in similar tropical peatland environments.

Chromolaena Odorata L. locally called kopasanda, is an invasive plant native to Indonesia that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Traditionally, this plant is commonly consumed and processed into several foods used to treat various health problems. This study aims to review the food potential of Chromolaena Odorata L. in overcoming health problems. This literature study was obtained from analysis of library sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The results show that Chromolaena Odorata L. could be processed into food or drink used to treat health problems such as wound healing, skin infections, stomach problems, and others. The benefit is due to the plant's chemical compounds, which are beneficially used as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, analgesic, and other properties. The conclusion is that the processed Chromolaena Odarata L. plant has the potential to be used as a treatment for several health problems.

Human resources that can face the challenges of increasingly rapid and dynamic development must have high intellectual skills. High intellectual skills are characterized by critical thinking skills, creativity competitiveness, and the ability to communicate ideas and solve any problems. Intellectual skills, especially critical thinking skills, are the demands of human resources in the 21st century. In recent years, the development of critical thinking skills-based research has been rapid. Critical thinking skills research has produced many theoretical and empirical findings. Many trends and issues have emerged, proving the complexity and dynamics of critical thinking skills research. This study aims to provide an overview of the latest research on critical thinking skills. The development of recent research on critical thinking skills in recent years can be illustrated through a bibliometric approach. The bibliometric approach was applied to uncover the most common keywords and terms and their interactions through compound word analysis. The Scopus database was selected for the period 2011 to 2021; 2,855 documents were obtained, and then the publications each year, the most researched topics, and the development of interest in these topics were identified. The research results show that from 2011 to 2020, there was a significant increase in research on critical thinking skills, while there was a decline from 2020 to 2021. Research topics that are closely related to critical thinking skills are higher-order thinking skills. The topic of critical thinking has a close relationship with education, curriculum, and educational measurement. Research on critical thinking skills with innovative learning models, such as inquiry learning and discovery learning models, has not been widely studied. Even though a lot of research on critical thinking skills has been carried out, there is still a need to develop research on critical thinking skills in various frameworks.

Turtles are one of the fauna that is threatened with extinction. The cause of its extinction is inadequate management of conservation techniques. The Lantera Trenggalek Community sees the problem of the high operational costs of turtle conservation faced by the people of Masaran Village, Trenggalek, East Java. The operational costs of turtle conservation are high, including the costs of turtle feed, turtle maintenance and the electricity costs for turtle egg incubators reaching 1800 watts, so they require high PLN electricity. Therefore, this research aims to innovate to overcome partner problems by utilizing off grid PLTS using Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converter. The aim of using PLTS in Masaran village is to increase the availability of electricity sources at relatively low prices. However, in the PLTS implementation system, the electrical energy produced is unstable. So the PLTS system is equipped with batteries to store energy. The energy storage process requires a converter which functions to stabilize the output voltage of the PLTS. This research used Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converters because these converters are able to work in two directions so they can optimize the output voltage from PLTS. The results of testing the PLTS system with Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converter show that when in buck mode, the converter output voltage can reach 14.4V which is used for battery charging. The output of this research is that the Off Grid PLTS system can produce maximum electrical energy so that it can overcome partner problems in increasing the turtle population.

Background Hepatitis B is a viral infection that has a high prevalence in Indonesia. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has conducted a national vaccination program for hepatitis B. In order to evaluate the success of the hepatitis B vaccination in Indonesia, a community study based on basic health research (Riskesdas) was performed nationwide since 2007 for five year period in 2007, 2013, and 2018. Methods Further statistical analysis was performed specifically for the children under 59 months old (toddlers) immunized in both urban and rural areas in 2007, 2013, and 2018 based on certain characteristics by examining antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), IgG antibodies against the core antigen (HBcAb), surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The data obtained from the data management laboratory of Ministry of Health, Indonesia, was analyzed with Bivariate analysis with continuity correction chi-square or Pearson chi-square using Stata software version 16. Results This study showed an increase in hepatitis B coverage of complete immunization (30% in 2007, 60.3% in 2013, and 57% in 2018), which was also influenced by mothers’ level of education (Pearson chi-square , p ¡ 0.05) and access to health service points within 30 minutes (OR = 1.3–2.8, p ¡ 0.05). The trend of the percentage of immune status (anti-HBs) was increased (41.8% in 2007; 56.1% in 2013; and 79.1% in 2018). The higher anti-HBs was found in complete hepatitis B immunization status (OR = 1.5–2, p ¡ 0.05) and in good nutritional status (p ¡ 0.05). However, the anti-HBs was found decreased with increasing age (p ¡ 0.05). The trend of positive HBcAb (exposure to HBV infection) showed a decrease gradually of almost ten times from 2007 (8.6%-13.5%) compared to 2013 (2.6%-11.1%) and 2018 (1.1%-2%). Urban areas were at higher risk of hepatitis B exposure (OR = 1.4–2.2) than rural areas (OR = 0.37–0.80). The HBsAg data were only available in 2013 and 2018. Riskesdas data analysis showed the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBsAg) was lower in complete immunization status than that in incomplete one (p ¡ 0.05), but with an increase from 3.9% (2013) to 9.3% (2018), possibly due to inappropriate implementation of birth dose immunization or a vaccine-escape mutant from the HBV variants. Conclusions The effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine obtained from the three Riskesdas periods in Indonesia showed an improvement, with an increase in immune status, reduced exposure to HBV and a lower prevalence of hepatitis B in children with complete vaccination. However, there is still an increase in hepatitis B infection, especially in urban areas. Therefore, a long-term evaluation of immunization coverage especially ensuring that the initial dose of immunization was given within the first 24 h of birth, HBsAg and HBcAb, nutritional status, genomic surveillance of HBV, and other aspects of program quality evaluation are needed to ensure that elimination efforts have been implemented properly.

The decline in fossil fuel sources has prompted research into finding renewable fuels. One of environmentally friendly energy sources with high efficiency is by producing liquid oil from palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) and coal. Pre-treatment of empty fruit bunches using NaOH and various concentrations of H2O2, various ratios of EFB/coal, the ratio of CaO catalyst, chemical and physical characteristics were studied to produce the better liquid oil yield. The H2O2 concentrations are 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The ratios of EFB/coal (R) are 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25. The ratios of catalyst CaO/raw material are 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. It ran at 400 °C with 100 mL/min nitrogen gas flowing during one hour. The results showed that adding sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide in the EFB pre-treatment increased the liquid oil yield. With an increase in the EFB/coal ratio, the liquid oil yield increased. Co-pyrolysis treated EFB and Coal with a ratio of 75:25 produced 32% liquid oil yield, but the liquid oil yield decreased to 19% with the addition of 9% CaO catalyst. However, the addition of CaO catalyst reduces the acidity and increases the calorific value of the liquid oil.

Dina Keumala Sari,1 Suresh Mani,2 Muhammad Fadli,3 Riyadh Ihksan,4 Yetty Machrina,5 Nurfida Khairina Arrasyid,6 Kamal Basri Siregar,7 Agung Sunarno8 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 2Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; 3Medical Education and Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 4Department of Science and Technology, North Sumatra Branch-National Sport Committee, Medan, Indonesia; 5Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 6Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 7Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 8Department of Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Medan Area, Medan, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Dina Keumala Sari, Email dina@usu.ac.idBackground: Difficulties in exercising have occurred for the entire world’s population during this COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the second wave at the end of 2021. Most worrying is the lack of physical activity in young adults, as lack of exercise will increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in the future. The youth such as university student can be agents of change, to increase physical activity, from sedentary to sport life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and actions of university students and the correlation between the related variables.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational study involving 458 Asian university students based on Asian and African nationalities. This research was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia. The variables studied were the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of university students with regard to sports, and the statistical test used was the Chi-squared test.Results: The results showed that the research subjects were mainly from Indonesia and India (95.8%), there were more women than men (69.9% vs 30.1%), the most common age range was 18– 20 years (61.4%), and 45.4% had a normal body mass index. In total, 48.3% had high knowledge, 93.4% had a positive attitude, and 34.7% had good practice. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p=0.002) but not with action.Conclusion: This study found that good knowledge was associated with a good attitude, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic with activity restrictions on university students, there was no relationship with action.Keywords: athlete, exercise, physical activity, understand, youth

Lingkungan yang nyaman sangat menentukan keberhasilan pada budidaya ayam broiler. Perubahan mikroklimat di sekitar lingkungan pemeliharaan dapat mempengaruhi perilaku unggas, jumlah ransum yang dikonsumsi, kebutuhan air minum, biomassa tubuh, dan produk yang dihasilkan. Unggas pedaging ini telah diketahui memiliki kualitas yang tinggi, waktu tumbuh yang cepat, dan produksi daging yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu hewan ternak ini mempunyai peluang yang tinggi untuk dipelihara dan dikembangkan oleh masyarakat. Riset dilakukan untuk menganalisis efek dinamika faktor lingkungan di lokasi peternakan terhadap perilaku unggas pedaging ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi dengan melakukan pengamatan perilaku broiler selama 15 hari, yaitu dengan cara mengamati 20 ekor ayam yang terdapat pada 4 kandang kecil dengan ulangan 3 kali dan diamati perilakunya pada jam 07.00, 13.30, dan 21.30. Pencatatan perilaku ayam dilakukan selama 30 menit, yang meliputi lokomosi, istirahat, minum, panting (terengah-engah), makan, mengepakkan sayap, dust bathing (mandi debu), dan feather pecking (mematuk bulu). Faktor lingkungan yang diukur meliputi temperatur ruang budidaya, kelembapan dan lama pencahayaan di Teaching Farm Close House Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ayam broiler, yang meliputi lokomosi, istirahat, minum, panting (terengah-engah), makan, mengepakkan sayap, dust bathing (mandi debu), dan feather pecking (mematuk bulu). Pengamatan perilaku sangat dianjurkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kenyamanan broiler di dalam kandang budidaya dalam upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas.

Physicomechanical properties of lightweight geopolymer (LG) mortar with added graphene have been investigated. The motivation was to expand the geopolymer applications as building wall materials. LGs were prepared via pre-foaming method by mixing fly ash, fine aggregates, ordinary portland cement (OPC), alkali activator, graphene, and foam. Graphene was probed by Raman spectroscopy, while the physicomechanical properties of LGs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), measurements of density and porosity, as well as tests of compressive strength and thermal durability. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the graphene used was graphene nanosheets (GNS) with the ID/IG and I2D/IG values of 0.15 and 0.4, respectively. The measured compressive strength of LG increased to around double on adding GNS up to 3 wt.%. The average density of the produced LG was 931 kg/m3 . The porosity of LG decreased around 10% with the increase of GNS content up to 3 wt.%, but the porosity of LG slightly increased on increasing the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio. XRD analysis revealed that the changes in Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio did not change the crystal phase of LG. The addition of GNS improved the mechanical properties and thermal durability of the LG.

Penelitian yang dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Modern Muhammadiyah Al-Furqan Banjarmasin ini bertujuan mencari tahu besaran kontribusi yang disumbangkan oleh media audio visual terhadap motivasi semangat dan minat pelajar PJOK pada peserta didik ketika program pembelajatan jarak jauh dimasa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, sedangkan populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik yang ada di Pondok Pesantren Modern Muhammadiyah Al-Furqan Banjarmasin yang berjumlah 1.752, sedangkan sampel berjumlah 291 peserta didik, pengambilan jumlah sampel ini menggunakan teknik Sampling Insidental. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner dengan hasil yang berupa angka dan dianalisis menggunakan metode statistika dengan bantuan program SPSS21. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel audio visual berkontribusi terhadap motivasi belajar pendidikan jasmani sebesar 40,2%, kemudian audio visual berkontribusi terhadap semangat belajar pendidikan jasmani sebesar 35,3%, kemudian audio visual berkontribusi terhadap minat belajar pendidikan jasmani sebesar 38,9% dan audio visual berkontribusi terhadap motivasi semangat dan minat belajar pendidikan jasmani secara bersamaan sebesar 41,7%.

Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p

Itik (Anas plathyrynchos domecticus) merupakan salah satu jenis unggas yang banyak dibudidayakan, terutama sebagai penghasil telur. Produk telur diketahui bermanfaat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani bagi masyarakat di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peternak itik petelur, terutama di Kabupaten Brebes adalah pakan, keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang pemeliharaan itik, permintaan telur asin oleh konsumen yang tinggi yang tidak diiringi oleh peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas telur yang diproduksi itik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sistem pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dan ekstensif terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas telur. Variabel kualitas telur meliputi bobot badan, produksi dan bobot telur, adapun variable kualitas telur terdiri atas pH dan tinggi albumen, pH dan diameter yolk, indeks kuning telur (IKT), dan Haugh Unit (HU). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pembandingan 2 populasi, yaitu antara itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif dan ekstensif, masing-masing menggunakan itik sebanyak 25 ekor. Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t (t student test) pembandingan dua perlakuan. Analisis hasil penelitian menunjukkan, itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif berbeda nyata dengan sistem ektensif, serta memiliki kuantitas dan kualitas telur yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas telur itik, lebih tinggi dibanding itik yang dipelihara secara ekstensif. Pemeliharaan itik secara intensif direkomendasikan dapat diaplikasikan oleh para peternak lokal di Kabupaten Brebes dengan pemanfaatan sumber bahan pakan lokal yang mudah diperoleh, murah, dan aman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan peternak.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) is the causative agent of diphtheria. The main virulence factor of C. diphtheriae is diphtheria toxin, which is encoded by the tox gene and regulated by the dtxR gene. The tox and dtxR genes are used as genetic markers to identify bacteria causing diphtheria by PCR. Here, we present the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 18 C. diphtheriae isolates from diphtheria outbreaks in different regions in Indonesia. We used these data to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the tox and dtxR genes to verify the accuracy of the PCR assay and performed molecular typing with a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. The data can be used for further analyses, such as antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence factors.

Sebuah Corrigendum pada Efek Dinamika Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Perilaku Ayam Broiler di Kandang Close House oleh SUNARNO, Sunarno; NAGARI, A. P. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), [S.l.], v. 24, n. 1, p. 8-20, feb. 2022. doi:https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.24.1.8-20.2022. Urutan nama penulis diubah. Urutan yang salah adalah “SUNARNO, Sunarno; NAGARI, A. P”. Urutan yang benar adalah “NAGARI, A. P; SUNARNO, Sunarno”. Penulis mohon maaf atas kesalahan ini dan menyatakan bahwa ini tidak mengubah kesimpulan ilmiah artikel dengan cara apa pun. Artikel asli telah diperbarui. Catatan Penerbit Semua klaim yang diungkapkan dalam artikel ini adalah sepenuhnya milik penulis dan tidak selalu mewakili organisasi afiliasinya, atau milik penerbit, editor, dan mitra bestari. Setiap produk yang dapat dievaluasi dalam artikel ini, atau klaim yang mungkin dibuat oleh produsennya, tidak dijamin atau didukung oleh penerbit.

Hasta Handayani Idrus,* Sunarno* Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hasta Handayani Idrus, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email hastahandayani99@gmaiil.com

The intricacy of real-world challenges in project-based geoscience learning is complex to assess with a STEM approach; hence, research into an effective model is necessary to address current issues in education. Understanding the role of STEM in resolving challenging real-world issues requires integrating STEM literacy that is appropriate for geoscience education. This study examines the effectiveness of the Project-Based Geoscience Learning (PJBGL) model in enhancing STEM literacy. By integrating project-based learning with geoscience, the aim is to create an interactive and immersive learning environment. The study seeks to contribute to knowledge about the effectiveness of this model compared to the conventional model. The aim was to evaluate the PJBGL model's impact on students' literacy, particularly in the geosciences. The study utilized a pretest-posttest control group design with 33 students, 19 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group, collecting STEM literacy data using a test instrument and analyzing the data with the Mann-Whitney test. Effect Size calculation using Cohen's d and increased STEM literacy was tested with the N-Gain formula. The research results show that the PJBGL model is more effective in increasing STEM literacy in geoscience learning than the conventional learning model. This finding holds implications for educators and curriculum developers seeking innovative strategies to cultivate students' STEM literacy

Hasta Handayani Idrus,1,2,* Sunarno,1,* Syamsu Rijal3,* 1Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia; 3Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hasta Handayani Idrus, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor Km. 46, West Java, Indonesia, Email hast006@brin.go.id; hastahandayani99@gmaiil.com

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik habitat bertelur burung Mamoa (Eulipoa wallecei) dan uji penetasan telur secara semi alami (in-situ) telah dilakukan di Desa Simau Kecamatan Galela Halmahera Utara. Penelitian dengan teknik observasi atau pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan tepatnya di lokasi habitat bertelur burung Mamoa (Eulipoa wallecei) yang berada di Desa Simau, untuk mengetahui variasi harian iklim mikro lubang pada pasir sebagai habitat bertelur burung Mamoa, dan penelitian di laboratorium untuk menguji kandungan logam dalam pasir sehingga diketahui tingkat konduktivitas termalnya, serta dilakukan uji penetasan secara semi alami (in-situ) pada kedalaman 40, 60 dan 80 cm untuk mengetahui presentase daya tetas, waktu inkubasi dan mortalitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik habitat bertelur burung Mamoa di Desa Simau kecamatan Galela Kabupaten Halmahera utara yang dikaji berdasarkan kajian mikroklimat menujukkan fluktuasi suhu dan kembaban yang bervariasi berdasarkan kedalaman dan waktu pengamatan, dimana rata-rata suhu maksimum terjadi pada saat siang hari dan suhu minimumnya terjadi saat malam hari, sementara kelembaban terendah terjadi saat siang hari dan nilai tertingginya terjadi pada saat malam hari. Kadungan terbesar dalam pasir sebagai habitat bertelur burung Mamoa Desa Simau adalah unsur Fe (Besi) sebesar 58,59 % dengan sifat konduktivitas termal yang tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan pada daya tetas dan lamanya inkubasi penetasan telur secara in-situ (semi alami) pada kedalaman 40 cm, 60 cm dan 80 cm, dimana daya tetas terbesar yang mencapai presentase 100 % berada pada kedalaman tanam 80 cm dengan rata-rata waktu inkubasi yang paling cepat sekitar 67,3 hari.

Reformasi birokrasi telah dikenal luas di Indonesia baik dalam tataran konsep maupun praktis. Istilah reformasi birokrasi dikenal dengan sebutan reformasi administrasi negara yaitu sebuah terminologi yang mencakup domain politik, ekonomi, hukum, sosial, budaya hingga pertahanan dan keamanan; legislatif, eksekutif, dan yudikatif. Bahkan menurut Awaloeddin Djamin (1999), reformasi sektor publik di Indonesia sudah dilakukan sejak awal perjalanan Republik Indonesia. Reformasi sektor publik di Indonesia menurut Awaloedin Djamin (1999) dapat dibagi dalam dua tahap, yaitu pada tahun 1966 yang disebut sebagai overall administrative reform tahap pertama dan kemudian tahun 1999 disebutnya sebagai overall administrative reform tahap kedua. Oleh karena itu sesungguhnya di Indonesia, reformasi birokrasi bukanlah fenomena baru. Namun demikian hingga tahun 2006 ini “reformasi birokrasi” masih tetap menjadi permasalahan yang belum dapat diselesaikan secara tuntas.

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are very promising to be applied as a drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer chemotherapy. In this research, the crystal growth of hydrothermal derived magnetite particles was studied by oriented attachment (OA) model. The OA model was used to investigate the mechanism and the statistical kinetic of crystal growth. The crystal diameter change as a function of time with different concentration was measured using XRD. Firstly, 0.3248 g FeCl3 and 1.1764 g of sodium citrate, as well as 0.3604 g urea were dissolved into 40 mL of distilled water in a reactor. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was maintained at 210 °C and reaction time of 3.5–12 h in an air oven. The morphology of obtained particles was characterized using TEM, whereas VSM was used to determine the magnetic hysteresis curve. The XRD pattern showed that magnetite was obtained at temperature 210 °C and 3.5 h reaction time, as well as its intensity increased with reaction time. The crystal size of Fe3O4 was 9.44 nm at 3.5 h and appropriate with the oriented attachment model. The magnetite nanoparticles with shaped core-shell size less than 50 nm and suitable for biomedical application especially as drug delivery.

Pertussis cases have been reported most frequently in developed countries, but they are predicted to be the most prevalent in developing countries. Indonesia, a developing country, routinely conducts case-based surveillance for pertussis. We reviewed the data on pertussis cases and close contacts based on clinical sample documents examined in the National Reference Laboratory for pertussis, Indonesia (2016–2020). Our objective was to analyze the laboratory and epidemiological aspects of pertussis cases and close contacts, particularly to evaluate the implementation of a 5-year case-based surveillance of pertussis in Indonesia. Data were collected from sample documents and annual laboratory reports between January 2016 and December 2020. We analyzed the proportion of pertussis cases and close contacts by geographic region, year, age, and sex. We used the χ2 test to correlate the laboratory and epidemiological data. In total, 274 clinical cases of pertussis and 491 close contacts were recorded in 15 provinces. The peak number of cases occurred in 2019, with a positivity rate (percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases) of 41.23% (47/114). Clinical cases were dominated by infants aged

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been implementing antimicrobial surveillance with a “One Health” approach, known as the Global Surveillance ESBL E. coli Tricycle Project. We describe the implementation of the Tricycle Project (pilot) in Indonesia, focusing on its results, challenges and recommendations. The samples were 116 patients with bloodstream infections caused by ESBL E. coli, 100 rectal swabs collected from pregnant women, 240 cecums of broiler, and 119 environmental samples, using the standardized method according to the guidelines. ESBL-producing E. coli was found in 40 (40%) of the 100 pregnant women, while the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was 57.7% among the total E. coli-induced bloodstream infections. ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 161 (67.1%) out of 240 broilers. On the other hand, the average concentration of E. coli in the water samples was 2.0 × 108 CFU/100 mL, and the ratio of ESBL-producing E. coli was 12.8% of total E. coli. Unfortunately, 56.7% of questionnaires for patients were incomplete. The Tricycle Project (pilot) identified that the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was very high in all types of samples, and several challenges and obstacles were encountered during the implementation of the study in Indonesia. The finding of this study have implication to health/the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. We recommend continuing this project and extending this study to other provinces to determine the AMR burden as the baseline in planning AMR control strategies in Indonesia. We also recommend improving the protocol of this study to minimize obstacles in the field.

Hasta Handayani Idrus,* Sunarno* Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hasta Handayani Idrus, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email hast006@brin.go.id; hastahandayani99@gmaiil.com

Abstract: As a university located in wetland are, Lambung Mangkurat University must adapt with the surrounding geographical area to prepare prospective graduates that meets the current local demands. This paper seeks to explore the prospect of Physcial Educatioan Graduates in wetland areas. This paper was a descriptive research which examined the current development of Physical Education to meet the demand of wetland area. This paper showed that some efforts must be performed to improve the graduates of Physical Education Department. The efforts that must be made including: the preparation of professional faculty members, suitable and contextualized curriculum, supporting facilities and infrastructure, improving institutional understanding, and improving institutional support in the form of policy. Key Words: physical education, graduates prospect, wetland area, graduates quality Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penerapan dari permainan tradisional terhadap perkembangan motorik pada siswa penyandang disabilitas. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ialah metode eksperimen, sampel yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian sebanyak 25 orang siswa disabilitas yang diambil dari tiga sekolah SLB dengan usia rata-rata siswa 12 tahun. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan ialah purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan tes awal dan tes akhir dengan menggunakan tes standing broad jump, long jump, melempar. Simpulan penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa permainan tradisional memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan pada perkembangan motorik anak disabilitas. Kata kunci: permainan tradisional, perkembangan motorik kasar, disabilitas, pendidikan jasmani

Economically important riverine fish species of baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) have been controllable spawned in a hatchery. The larvae rearing relies on expensive live feed of Artemia sp. Therefore, the experiment aimed to evaluate various feeding combinations of the live and fresh silk worms (Tubifex sp) in the rearing of the larvae of baung. The treatments were various combinations of live and fresh silkworms at 0%:100%, 25%:75%, 50 %:50%, 75%:25%, and 100%:0%. The seven-day-old larvae of baung of 0.0079 ± 0.019 g in weight and 8.96 ± 0.48 mm in length were randomly stocked into 15 plastic tanks of 40x25x17 cm in dimension size at a density of 160 larvae per tank and fed on a diet according to the treatment at 10%. of biomass per day for 21 days of the rearing period. The results showed that feeding silkworms in terms of live and fresh affected significantly the growth performance and survival of the larvae (P

Keberdayaan masyarakat petani dalam berbagai aspek di era milenial adalah sangat dibutuhkan. Kelompok masyarakat petani di berbagai sektor Pertanian termasuk Pertanian jahe dituntut untuk berdaya dari aspek Pengetahuan, SDM dan Kelembagaan dan jaringan pemasaran. Program PPM ini bertujuan untuk memberikan upaya pemberdayaan di berbagai aspek berupa menambah pengetahan dan skill, memperkuat kelembagaan, dan memberikan pendampingan dalam rangka ekspansi jaringan pasar. Metode program ini adalah dengan pola penyuluhan, motivasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan sehingga tujuan dari program ini tercapai. Hasil dari program ini bahwa keberdayaan pada aspek pengetahun dan skill dengan metode penyluruhan telah berhasil walaupun belum maksimal, pemberdayaan kelembagaan sudah dipahami dan dilaksanaan melalui penguatan kelompok kelompok tani misalnya kelompok tani wanita, sedangkan penguatan kelembagaan dalam bentuk badan hukum baru tahap persiapan dan melengkapi anggaran dasar dan anggaran rumah tangga (AD/ART). Begitu pula produk jahe sementara ini baru sebatas membuat trade merk, untuk sampai ke hak paten masih perlu dipersiapkan syarat syarat administrasi dan syarat teknis dan klinis. Kata kunci: Budidaya jahe, Jahe, Pemberdayaan masyarakat, Kelompok petani ABSTRACT The empowerment of farmers in various aspects of the millennial era is very much needed. Farmer groups in various agricultural sectors, including ginger farming, are required to be empowered from the aspects of Knowledge, H, and Institution and network marketing. The PPM program aims to provide empowerment efforts in various aspects in the form of increased knowledge and skills, strengthening institutions, and providing assistance to expand the market network.The method of this program is with patterns of counseling, motivation, training, and assistance so that the objectives of this program was achieved. The results of this program are that empowerment in the aspects of knowledge and skills. The method of overall success has been done even though it has not been maximized; institutional empowerment has been understood and implemented through strengthening farmer groups such as women's farmer groups while strengthening institutions in the form of new legal entities preparation and completing articles of association and by-laws (AD / ART). Similarly, ginger products, while only limited to making brand trade, to get to the patent rights still need to be prepared for terms of administrative requirements and technical and clinical requirements. Keywords: Cultivating ginger, Ginger, Community empowerment, Farmer Groups

Land conflict has become a classic issue in Indonesia and an effective dispute settlement seems to be urgent. The study aims at evaluating the possibility to incorporate the indigenous knowledge of the local communities in land dispute settlement system. This socio-legal research employs both qualitative and quantitative approach.It is found that the current legal and institutional systems are not in accordance with the legal consciousness of the Indonesian society. The purposes of agrarian policy have been controlled by the domination of the state over the people’s rights. The policies were made to safeguard the interests of elite and its supporters and at the same times ignore the society interests. As the old model of land dispute settlement, the Dutch procedural law (HIR) served the colonial interest. In fact, there are statutory provisions in the sector of natural resources and land that regulate land dispute settlement that accommodate the local wisdom. In addition, article 18 of the 1945 Constitution and Article 5 of the Basic Agrarian Law explicitly recognize the capacity of the indigenous people in settling land dispute. However it needs further elaboration and institutionalization of their values. The development of a legal system model based on local community wisdom is a must which it means a legal system that is incorporated from the value of the original legal system of the Indonesian nation. The Indonesian customary legal system rests on the concept of regional values that exist throughout Indonesia regions.

In the next wireless communication generation, 5G, it is obvious to employ the half-spacing antenna elements as high-resolution antenna array. However, to compensate the lower aperture from short-spacing elements, the number of antennas should be grown larger. It will be costly and increase complexity in terms of antenna array analysis. In this paper, the aliasing effects on beamforming of antenna array geometry utilizes inter-element spacing more than half-lambda. The antenna geometry of linear, circular and planar will be explored in this paper and the center frequency for simulation is 60 GHz. It is also due the fact that many researchers on 5G believe 60 GHz will be employed as 5G frequency band. 60 GHz is truly higher than today Long-term-evolution (LTE) working frequency and it is really challenging to its signal model due to small wavelength and its effective signal working distance as effect of rain attenuation, etc. As our preliminary results, linear array, which only considers the azimuthal, the spatial aliasing appears in the inter-element distance more than 1-lambda. The circular and planar consider the azimuth and elevation properties of incoming signals. In circular array, the power angular of a signal can be detected accurately applying the 3-sector antenna pattern. When the inter-element distance grows more than 1.5 lambda, the spatial aliasing which appear to be side lobe with similar power angular dominate the incoming signal detection. The result shows us that employing the 2-lambda distance or more will be useless. Planar array which actually a 2-axis linear array give unexpected results, most of detections are inaccurate and power angular also low. This concludes that spatial aliasing effects will degrade the beamforming performance due to confusion between real signal and fake signal resulting from similar values of array factor.

Cholesterol in quail meat is one of the factors causing consumers to control consumption of quail meat. On the other hand, the antioxidant content in quail meat could attracts the consumers. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) bark and gotu kola (Centella asiatica) leaves are medicinal plants that contain many polyphenol compounds. The objective of this study was to obtain the most optimum formula made from cinnamon and gotu kola as a feed supplement to produce the quail meat which has low cholesterol but rich in antioxidants. This study used a completely randomized design which consisting of six groups with three replications. The six groups included one control (P0), 5 treatments consisted of 5% cinnamon (P1), 5% gotu kola (P2), combination of cinnamon and gotu kola powder with ratio 5%:5% (P3), 5%:10% (P4) and 10%:5% (P5). The results showed that food supplements made from cinnamon bark and gotu kola leaves could increase the body weight, antioxidant levels, and reduce cholesterol levels in quail meat. Cinnamon as feed supplement with a concentration of 5% or a combination of cinnamon and gotu kola with a ratio of 5%: 10% provided the best effect on antioxidants and cholesterol level in meat. The use of cinnamon and gotu kola supplementation to produce high antioxidant and low cholesterol of quail met have not studied yet. The result of the study would be beneficial for developing the healthy, safe and good quality of quail meat.

Physiological stress for a long time can lead to impaired kidney organ function. Snakehead fish meat are known to contain important nutrients such as albumin, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, and various minerals that can improve kidney function. This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of snakehead fish supplementation in feed towards body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of glomerulus in Wistar rats with physiological stress. This study used 20 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups consisted of 1 control group (P0) and 4 treatment groups (P1: 5%, P2: 10%, P3: 15%, P4: 20%). The treatments were performed with 4 times repetition. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variables measured were body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of renal glomerulus. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with Duncan test with 5% significance level. The results of this study were: the supplementation of snakehead fish with 20% of concentration can increase the body weight; concentration 10; 15; and 20% can increase the weight of the kidney; concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% can increase the glomerular diameter in Wistar rats with physiological stress. The supplementation of snakehead fish with concentration of 5% to 20% did not affect the number of glomerulus of Wistar rats with physiological stress. Results of this study is useful as information for people who study the mechanism of kidney repair due to physiological stress.

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo doses of boron neutron capture cancer therapy (BNCT) using the SHIELD-HIT12A program. To be able to determine the recoil energy, the research was conducted using the Monte Carlo method. Running data obtained the value of ionization activity and recoil lost. The results showed that in vitro and in vivo doses of BNCT for soft tissue irradiation had a value of 0.312 × 10-2 Sv, which is safe and does not harm healthy body tissue around the cancer cells because it is below the threshold of 1.5 Rem or 15 × 10-3 Sv, in accordance with the provisions of the upper value permitted by the International Commission on Radiation Protection in 1966. While the comparative targets are water, the optimal target absorption dose was obtained at concentrations of 3.232 × 10-3 Gy. The dose of carbon equivalent in water with the type of thermal neutron radiation was 16.16 × 10-3 Sv; this dose is classified as unsafe.

BACKGROUND: There are found some studies which reported the successfull of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. This study aimed to describe the dtxR gene profile as a new marker for C. ulceran and C. pseudotuberculosis for the PCR assay. METHODS: Ten C. ulcerans and 35 C. pseudotuberculosis DNA sequences data registered in GeneBank was analyzed by bioinformatic tools. PCR primer was designed based on the concerved region and the gene similarity data. On the other hands, reference strains (C. ulcerans NCTC 12077 and Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 3984) and dtxR gene of C. pseudotuberculosis (synthetic gene) were used in the PCR assay optimization for C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis identification. RESULTS: The study showed that dtxR genes of both C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis were more conserve than pld gene, moreover dtxR gene was more specific compared to 16S rRNA gene. PCR assay with dtxR gene as a target could identify C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis accurately without mispriming, misamplification and misidentification. CONCLUSION: dtxR gene could be used as marker to identify C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis by PCR assay. KEYWORDS: C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans, dtxR gene, PCR

The search for alternative methods for the production of new materials or fuel from renewable and sustainable biomass feedstocks has gained increasing attention. In this study, Nypa fruticans (nipa palm) fronds from agricultural residues were evaluated to produce pure cellulose by combining prehydrolysis for 1–3 h at 150 °C, sulfur-free soda cooking for 1–1.5 h at 160 °C with 13–25% active alkali (AA), 0.1% soluble anthraquinone (SAQ) catalyst, and three-stage totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching, namely oxygen, peroxymonosulfuric acid, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide stages. The optimal conditions were 3 h prehydrolysis and 1.5 h cooking with 20% AA. Soda cooking with SAQ was better than the kraft and soda process without SAQ. The method decreased the kappa number as a residual lignin content index of pulp from 13.4 to 9.9–10.2 and improved the yields by approximately 6%. The TCF bleaching application produced pure cellulose with a brightness of 92.2% ISO, 94.8% α-cellulose, viscosity of 7.9 cP, and 0.2% ash content. These findings show that nipa palm fronds can be used to produce pure cellulose, serving as a dissolving pulp grade for viscose rayon and cellulose derivatives.

This study was aimed at developing two sets of kinematics experiment namely free fall motion and microcontroller based projectil motion. This study used an R & D research design that involves descriptive and evaluative methods. This research was conducted at the Physics Laboratory of Semarang State University and the Science Laboratory Semarang. The stages of this research included design design, tool making, tool validity testing, data retrieval and data processing. Validity test was done to validate the feasibility of the tool by an expert in physics and tested to physics students. A limited scale test and a large scale test were also be done in this study.These tests were conducted to determine the level of readability of the tool and the level of appropriateness of the equipment. This study produced a microcontroller-based experimental set that was feasible for free fall motion and projectile motion experiments. Time measurement results by the kinematics experiment set for free fall motion and projectile motion obtained a better level of accuracy than the previous tool that is equal to 98.30% and has an accuracy level of 99.99%.

Premature loss adalah kondisi dimana gigi desidui yang sudah tanggal sebelum waktunya sementara gigi permanen pengganti belum tumbuh. Kehilangan gigi desidui yang terlalu dini akan berpengaruh pada keberhasilan erupsi gigi apabila ada pengurangan ruang pada lengkung gigi. Kondisi premature loss terkait pula dengan perkembangan rahang. Rahang adalah bagian dari struktur total kepala dan setiap rahang bisa mempunyai hubungan posisional yang bervariasi terhadap struktur lain dari kepala, variasi semacam itu bisa terjadi pada ketiga bidang yaitu sagital, vertikal, dan lateral. Setiap kondisi patologis yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rahang bisa menimbulkan efek besar terhadap oklusi gigi. Pertumbuhan maksila dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan otak, pertumbuhan tulang cranial dan nasal septal memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pergerakan maju mundur maksila. Mandibula merupakan tulang kraniofasial yang sangat mobile dan merupakan tulang yang sangat penting karena terlibat dalam fungsi-fungsi vital antara lain pengunyahan, pemeliharaan jalan udara, berbicara, dan ekspresi wajah. Gerakan pertumbuhan mandibula pada umumnya dipengaruhi oleh perubahan yang terjadi di maksila. Pertumbuhan prosesus alveolaris sangat aktif selama erupsi dan berperan penting selama erupsi serta terus memelihara hubungan oklusal selama pertumbuhan vertikal maksila dan mandibula. Kesimpulan dari telaah literatur ini yaitu kondisi rongga mulut karena premature loss secara langsung atau tidak langsung berpengaruh pada tumbuh kembang rahang.

Keberagaman budaya merupakan salah satu topik yang paling penting di dunia saat ini. Keanekaragaman budaya selain telah menciptakan lingkungan yang indah, juga memiliki potensi kesalahpahaman yang dapat menyebabkan kebingungan, kemarahan dan meningkatkan eskalasi permusuhan. Adalah warga Dusun Bangun Rasa, Kabupaten Bantul, para warganya menerapkan raos persatuan dari ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami rasa persatuan di Dusun Bangun Rasa sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai model sebuah masyarakat yang berkesatuan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada para subyek dan informan sebagai sumber data dan observasi partisipan maupun non partisipan secara live in. Sumber data lain adalah written documents dan unwritten documents. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, rasa persatuan bagi warga Bangun Rasa dipahami sebagai “Rasa Sama”, guyub rukun dan kegotongroyongan. Kedua, penerapan dari rasa persatuan di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari oleh warga dusun Bangun Rasa tercermin dalam dua penerapan, yaitu (1) penerapan di keluarga berupa musyawarah dan tidak memaksakan kehendak, dan (2) penerapan di masyarakat, berupa perilaku gotong royong. Ketiga, manfaat dari rasa persatuan yaitu urip dadi sugih (hidup menjadi “kaya”), urip dadi entheng (hidup menjadi “ringan”), hubungan antarindividu menjadi tidak kaku, menanamkan rasa “kita tidak bisa hidup tanpa orang lain”, menanamkan rasa empati, dan beban pemerintah menjadikan ringan. Dan keempat, kondisi psikologis para warga dari diterapkannya roas persatuan adalah melahirkan rasa nyaman, sumeleh, dan tenteram.