397 results on '"Stephen Chen"'
Search Results
2. Mutant GGGGCC RNA prevents YY1 from binding to Fuzzy promoter which stimulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway in C9ALS/FTD
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Zhefan Stephen Chen, Mingxi Ou, Stephanie Taylor, Ruxandra Dafinca, Shaohong Isaac Peng, Kevin Talbot, and Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract The GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene is a major genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS/FTD). In this study, we demonstrate that the zinc finger (ZF) transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) binds to the promoter region of the planar cell polarity gene Fuzzy to regulate its transcription. We show that YY1 interacts with GGGGCC repeat RNA via its ZF and that this interaction compromises the binding of YY1 to the Fuzzy YY1 promoter sites, resulting in the downregulation of Fuzzy transcription. The decrease in Fuzzy protein expression in turn activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces synaptic deficits in C9ALS/FTD neurons. Our findings demonstrate a C9orf72 GGGGCC RNA-initiated perturbation of YY1–Fuzzy transcriptional control that implicates aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling in C9ALS/FTD-associated neurodegeneration. This pathogenic cascade provides a potential new target for disease-modifying therapy. more...
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Iris Chafing Syndrome Secondary to Iridociliary Adhesions in a Patient with a Single-Piece Acrylic Intraocular Lens: Case Report
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Jacob King, Stephen Chen, Austin Goncz, and Joel Palko
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ugh syndrome ,iridociliary adhesions ,viscoelastic retention ,sulcus gap closure ,case report ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Introduction: We present a unique case of iris chafing syndrome in a patient with a complex ophthalmologic history after successful placement of a single-piece in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) in an eye with healthy zonular support. Case Presentation: A patient with a previous history of multiple retinal surgeries presented with pain and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) secondary to retained viscoelastic material in the anterior chamber. Following removal of the viscoelastic material in clinic, the patient underwent a combined cataract and glaucoma surgery. Subsequently, the patient developed signs and symptoms of iris chafing syndrome. Anterior segment imaging revealed the cause to be iridociliary adhesion causing an elimination of the sulcus space. Iris chafing syndrome was suspected when the patient presented post-operatively with changes in vision and anterior chamber inflammation. New iris transillumination defects present at the edge of the optic and haptic of the 1-piece lens helped confirm the diagnosis of UGH. Upon further investigation with gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography, it was determined that the patient had iridociliary adhesions. These adhesions eliminated the sulcus space, which resulted in iris chafing. The patient opted for conservative medical management. Best-corrected distance visual acuity remained stable at 20/100 and IOP remained well controlled. Conclusion: A complex ocular history of multiple retinal surgeries and retained viscoelastic material in the anterior chamber resulted in adhesions of the ciliary processes to the iris, leading to UGH syndrome in a patient with an otherwise unremarkable placement of a single-piece in-the-bag IOL. more...
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- 2023
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4. SkiLD: Unsupervised Skill Discovery Guided by Factor Interactions.
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Zizhao Wang, Jiaheng Hu, Caleb Chuck, Stephen Chen, Roberto Martín-Martín, Amy Zhang 0001, Scott Niekum, and Peter Stone 0001
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- 2024
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5. The Music Export Business: Born Global: By Stephen Chen, Shane Homan, Tracy Redhead, and Richard Vella. London, Routledge, 2021, 310 pp., $150.59, ISBN-13: 978-0367427054.
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McDonald, Heather
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MUSIC industry , *POPULAR music , *BUSINESSPEOPLE , *POPULAR music genres - Abstract
The authors wrestle effectively with the inherent issues of music industry research through a cultural/arts administration lens, particularly the lack of an accepted definition of popular music and differing national understandings of what - and who - are part of the music industry. It is worth nothing that the authors have defined popular music as, "the forms and genres of music that are most accessible to, meaningful to, and enjoyed by large numbers of people" (Chen et al. [1]). This reality demands a new understanding of the economic and cultural impacts of the music industry and the roles of national economic and cultural policy in a global music marketplace. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2023
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6. A peptide inhibitor that rescues polyglutamine-induced synaptic defects and cell death through suppressing RNA and protein toxicities
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Shaohong Isaac Peng, Lok I. Leong, Jacquelyne Ka-Li Sun, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Hei-Man Chow, and Ho Yin Edwin Chan
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Ataxin-2 ,neurites ,RNA foci ,protein aggregates ,small CAG RNA ,spinocerebellar ataxia ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxias and Huntington’s disease, are progressive neurodegenerative disorders caused by CAG triplet-repeat expansion in the coding regions of disease-associated genes. In this study, we found that neurotoxic small CAG (sCAG) RNA species, microscopic Ataxin-2 CAG RNA foci, and protein aggregates exist as independent entities in cells. Synaptic defects and neurite outgrowth abnormalities were observed in mutant Ataxin-2-expressing mouse primary cortical neurons. We examined the suppression effects of the CAG RNA-binding peptide beta-structured inhibitor for neurodegenerative diseases (BIND) in mutant Ataxin-2-expressing mouse primary cortical neurons and found that both impaired synaptic phenotypes and neurite outgrowth defects were rescued. We further demonstrated that BIND rescued cell death through inhibiting sCAG RNA production, Ataxin-2 CAG RNA foci formation, and mutant Ataxin-2 protein translation. Interestingly, when the expanded CAG repeats in the mutant Ataxin-2 transcript was interrupted with the alternative glutamine codon CAA, BIND’s inhibitory effect on mutant protein aggregation was lost. We previously demonstrated that BIND interacts physically and directly with expanded CAG RNA sequences. Our data provide evidence that the BIND peptide associates with transcribed mutant CAG RNA to inhibit the formation of toxic species, including sCAG RNA, RNA foci, and polyQ protein translation and aggregation. more...
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- 2022
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7. Folding Bilateral Backstepping Output-Feedback Control Design for an Unstable Parabolic PDE.
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Stephen Chen, Rafael Vázquez, and Miroslav Krstic
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- 2022
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8. Invited paper: A Review of Thresheld Convergence
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Stephen Chen, James Montgomery, Antonio Bolufé-Röhler, and Yasser Gonzalez-Fernandez
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Exploration ,Exploitation ,Heuristic Algorithms ,Optimization ,Multi-modality ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
A multi-modal search space can be defined as having multiple attraction basins – each basin has a single local optimum which is reached from all points in that basin when greedy local search is used. Optimization in multi-modal search spaces can then be viewed as a two-phase process. The first phase is exploration in which the most promising attraction basin is identified. The second phase is exploitation in which the best solution (i.e. the local optimum) within the previously identified attraction basin is attained. The goal of thresheld convergence is to improve the performance of search techniques during the first phase of exploration. The effectiveness of thresheld convergence has been demonstrated through applications to existing metaheuristics such as particle swarm optimization and differential evolution, and through the development of novel metaheuristics such as minimum population search and leaders and followers. more...
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- 2022
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9. Minimum Population Search, an Application to Molecular Docking
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Antonio Bolufé-Röhler, Alex Coto-Santiesteban, Marta Rosa Soto, and Stephen Chen
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Minimun Population Search ,Molecular Docking ,Heuristic Algorithms ,Optimization ,Multi-modality ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
Computer modeling of protein ligand interactions is one of the most important phases in a drug design process. Part of the process involves the optimization of highly multi-modal objective (scoring) functions. This research presents the Minimum Population Search heuristic as an alternative for solving these global unconstrained optimization problems. To determine the effectiveness of Minimum Population Search, a comparison with seven state-of-the-art search heuristics is performed. Being specifically designed for the optimization of large scale multi modal problems, Minimum Population Search achieves excellent results on all of the tested complexes, especially when the amount of available function evaluations is strongly reduced. A first step is also made toward the design of hybrid algorithms based on the exploratory power of Minimum Population Search. Computational results show that hybridization leads to a further improvement in performance. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Acceso a Recursos de Cómputo de Alto Rendimiento Mediante Correo Electrónico
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Suilan Estévez Velarde, Amanda Miotto, Andrew Lewis, Antonio Bolufé-Röhler, and Stephen Chen
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Cómputo de Alto Rendimiento ,Nimrod ,Clúster de Computadoras ,Programación Distribuida ,Programación en Paralelo ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
El cómputo de alto rendimiento es una necesidad para el desarrollo de investigaciones con grandes volúmenes de datos. La creciente demanda de este tipo de resultados ha impulsado a varios centros de investigación a poner en funcionamiento recursos de cómputo de alto rendimiento. En Cuba no existe una solución definitiva que permita a todos los centros de investigación disponer de los recursos de cómputo necesarios para desarrollar sus proyectos. Este trabajo propone el empleo de un clúster de computadoras de la Universidad de Griffith a través de una interfaz basada en el correo electrónico. Esta solución permite disponer de recursos de cómputo de alto rendimiento sin necesidad de una alta conectividad. Como caso de estudio se analizan los resultados obtenidos en un proyecto de optimización global en grandes dimensiones desarrollado en la Universidad de La Habana. Para experimentos con un mes de duración (en una computadora estándar) los resultados muestran que al utilizar el recurso de alto rendimiento es posible alcanzar un incremento en el rendimiento relativo superior al 1300%. more...
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- 2022
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11. Manual and Visual Clinical Assessment of Foot Type and Posture Correlate Poorly with Radiographic Assessment
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Steve Bayer, Clarissa LeVasseur, Maria Munsch MD, Stephen Chen MD, Christopher D. Murawski MD, Conor I. Murphy MD, Dukens LaBaze MD, Alexandra Gabrielli MD, MS, Gillian Kane, William Anderst PhD, and MaCalus V. Hogan MD, MBA, FAAOS, FAOA more...
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Accurate characterization of foot type can facilitate identification of patients at risk for different foot disorders and direct operative treatment. Foot type can be determined qualitatively with visual assessment and quantitatively using arch index (AI), calcaneal pitch (CP), Meary's angle (MA), and foot posture index (FPI). Agreement between various foot typing measures is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between different measurements of foot type. We hypothesized that quantitative measures would have better interrater reliability than qualitative measures, and that visual assessment of foot type would be strongly correlated with radiographic assessment. Methods: Bilateral foot photographs were acquired from 92 asymptomatic participants (50 men, 42 women, mean age of 43.3+- 18.6 years) to assess photographic arch type (PAT) and photographic foot posture (PFP). Hindfoot alignment and lateral radiographs were acquired of each foot to assess calcaneal pitch (CP), Meary's angle (MA), x-ray foot posture (XFP), and x-ray arch type (XAT). Photographs and radiographs were assessed by five reviewers in random order. Foot Posture Index (FPI) was determined through manual exam. Arch Index (AI) was measured on lightbox images. Interrater reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous variables and Kendall's W for categorical variables. Correlations between measures and sensitivity/specificity were assessed using calcaneal pitch as the reference standard with cavus feet >= 26 degrees and planus feet measuring more...
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- 2022
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12. Super-Resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy Using High-Frequency Ultrasound to Measure Ocular Perfusion Velocity in the Rat Eye
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Hasan Ul Banna, Benjamin Mitchell, Stephen Chen, and Joel Palko
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glaucoma ,intraocular pressure ,ocular hemodynamics ,ocular vasculature ,super-resolution ultrasound ,ultrasound localization microscopy ,Technology ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Imaging of the ocular vasculature can provide new insights into the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. This study proposes a novel high-frequency super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (SRULM) technique and evaluates its ability to measure in vivo perfusion changes in the rat eye at elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). A 38.4 MHz center frequency linear array transducer on a VisualSonics Vevo F2 imaging platform was used to collect high frame rate (1 kHz) radiofrequency data of the posterior rat eye following systemic microbubble contrast injection. Following clutter and spatiotemporal non-local means filtering, individual microbubbles were localized and tracked. The microbubble tracks were accumulated over 10,000 frames to generate vascular images quantifying perfusion velocity and direction. Experiments were performed using physiologic relevant controlled flow states for algorithm validation and subsequently performed in vivo on the rat eye at 10 mm Hg IOP increments from 10 to 60 mm Hg. The posterior vasculature of the rat eye, including the ophthalmic artery, long posterior ciliary arteries and their branches, central retinal artery and retinal arterioles and venules were successfully visualized, and velocities quantified at each IOP level. Significant reductions in arterial flow were measured as IOP was elevated. High-frequency SRULM can be used to visualize and quantify the perfusion velocity of the rat eye in both the retrobulbar and intraocular vasculature simultaneously. The ability to detect ocular perfusion changes throughout the depth of the eye may help elucidate the role ischemia has in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases such as glaucoma. more...
- Published
- 2023
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13. A fine balance between Prpf19 and Exoc7 in achieving degradation of aggregated protein and suppression of cell death in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
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Zhefan Stephen Chen, Xiaoying Huang, Kevin Talbot, and Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Subjects
Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases comprise Huntington’s disease and several subtypes of spinocerebellar ataxia, including spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). The genomic expansion of coding CAG trinucleotide sequence in disease genes leads to the production and accumulation of misfolded polyQ domain-containing disease proteins, which cause cellular dysfunction and neuronal death. As one of the principal cellular protein clearance pathways, the activity of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is tightly regulated to ensure efficient clearance of damaged and toxic proteins. Emerging evidence demonstrates that UPS plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of polyQ diseases. Ubiquitin (Ub) E3 ligases catalyze the transfer of a Ub tag to label proteins destined for proteasomal clearance. In this study, we identified an E3 ligase, pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (Prpf19/prp19), that modulates expanded ataxin-3 (ATXN3-polyQ), disease protein of SCA3, induced neurodegeneration in both mammalian and Drosophila disease models. We further showed that Prpf19/prp19 promotes poly-ubiquitination and degradation of mutant ATXN3-polyQ protein. Our data further demonstrated the nuclear localization of Prpf19/prp19 is essential for eliciting its modulatory function towards toxic ATXN3-polyQ protein. Intriguingly, we found that exocyst complex component 7 (Exoc7/exo70), a Prpf19/prp19 interacting partner, modulates expanded ATXN3-polyQ protein levels and toxicity in an opposite manner to Prpf19/prp19. Our data suggest that Exoc7/exo70 exerts its ATXN3-polyQ-modifying effect through regulating the E3 ligase function of Prpf19/prp19. In summary, this study allows us to better define the mechanistic role of Exoc7/exo70-regulated Prpf19/prp19-associated protein ubiquitination pathway in SCA3 pathogenesis. more...
- Published
- 2021
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14. A heterozygous mutation in the CCDC88C gene likely causes early-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia: a case report
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Ashraf Yahia, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Ammar E. Ahmed, Sara Emad, Rawaa Adil, Rayan Abubaker, Shaimaa Omer M. A. Taha, Mustafa A. Salih, Liena Elsayed, Ho Yin Edwin Chan, and Giovanni Stevanin
- Subjects
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 40 ,Hereditary spastic paraplegia ,CCDC88C ,Sudan ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background CCDC88C is a ubiquitously expressed protein with multiple functions, including roles in cell polarity and the development of dendrites in the nervous system. Bi-allelic mutations in the CCDC88C gene cause autosomal recessive congenital hydrocephalus (OMIM #236600). Studies recently linked heterozygous mutations in CCDC88C to the development of the late-onset spinocerebellar ataxia type 40 (OMIM #616053). Case presentation A 48-year-old Sudanese female presented with pure early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia. Exome sequencing, in-silico analysis, and Sanger sequencing identified the heterozygous NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) variant in CCDC88C as a potential cause of her illness. To explore the pathogenicity of the NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) variant, we expressed it in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and assessed its effects on apoptosis. In our experiment, NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) induced JNK hyper-phosphorylation and enhanced apoptosis. In contrast to previous reports, our patient developed neurological symptoms in early childhood and showed neither features of cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal signs, nor evidence of intellectual involvement. Conclusion We, herein, heighlighted the possibility of extending the phenotype associated with variants in CCDC88C to include early-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. more...
- Published
- 2021
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15. Canine Model for Selective and Superselective Cerebral Intra-Arterial Therapy Testing
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Kevin M. Camstra, Visish M. Srinivasan, Dalis Collins, Stephen Chen, Peter Kan, and Jeremiah Johnson
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angiography ,animal model ,intraarterial delivery ,neurovascular ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Purpose With advancing endovascular technology and increasing interest in minimally invasive intra-arterial therapies such as stem cell and chemotherapy for cerebral disease, the establishment of a translational model with cerebral circulation accessible to microcatheters is needed. We report our experience catheterizing canine cerebral circulation with microcatheters, present high-resolution angiographic images of the canine vascular anatomy, describe arterial branch flow patterns and provide measurements of canine arterial conduits. Materials and Methods Angiograms were performed on 10 intact purpose-bred hounds. Angiography, measurements of arterial conduits and catheterization information for intracranial arterial branches were obtained. Results Selective and superselective cerebral angiography was successful in all subjects. Relevant arterial mean diameters include the femoral (4.64 mm), aorta (9.38 mm), external carotid (3.65 mm), internal carotid arteries (1.6 mm), vertebrobasilar system and Circle of Willis branches. Catheterization of the Circle of Willis was achieved via the posterior circulation in all subjects tested (n=3) and the use of flow directed microcatheters resulted in reduced arterial tree deformation and improved superselection of intracranial vessels. Catheterization of the intracranial circulation was attempted but not achieved via the internal carotid artery (n=7) due to its tortuosity and subsequent catheter related vasospasm. Conclusion The canine cerebral vasculature is posterior circulation dominant. Anterior circulation angiography is achievable via the internal carotid artery, but direct cerebral arterial access is best achieved via the posterior circulation using flow-directed microcatheters. It is feasible to deliver intra-arterial therapies to selective vascular territories within the canine cerebral circulation, thus making it a viable animal model for testing novel intra-arterial cerebral treatments. more...
- Published
- 2020
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16. Efficient elicitation of software configurations using crowd preferences and domain knowledge.
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Yasser González-Fernández, Saeideh Hamidi, Stephen Chen 0001, and Sotirios Liaskos
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- 2019
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17. Insight in the Recent Application of Polyphenols From Biomass
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Bowen Yan, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Yingying Hu, and Qiang Yong
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biomass ,polyphenols ,biological application ,bioactivities ,health functions ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Biomass polyphenols are bio-active macromolecules with distinct chemical structures in a variety of biomass. In recent years, the study of biomass polyphenols and their application in food and medicine fields has become a research hotspot, which predominantly focuses on the preparation, purification, structural identifications, and measurements of biological activities. Many studies describe methodologies for extraction and application of polyphenols, but comprehensive work to review its physiological activities like drugs and health products are lacking. This paper comprehensively unlocks the bioactivities of antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer, neuroprotection, control of blood sugar, regulation of blood fat, and promotion of gastrointestinal health functions of polyphenols from different biomass sources. This review will serve as an illuminating resource for the global scientific community, especially for those who are actively working to promote the advances of the polyphenols research field. more...
- Published
- 2021
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18. A Peptidylic Inhibitor for Neutralizing r(GGGGCC)exp-Associated Neurodegeneration in C9ALS-FTD
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Qian Zhang, Ying An, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Alex Chun Koon, Kwok-Fai Lau, Jacky Chi Ki Ngo, and Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
One drug, two diseases is a rare and economical therapeutic strategy that is highly desirable in the pharmaceutical industry. We previously reported a 21-amino acid peptide named beta-structured inhibitor for neurodegenerative diseases (BIND) that can effectively inhibit expanded CAG trinucleotide toxicity in polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. Here we report that BIND also effectively inhibits GGGGCC repeat-mediated neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. When fused with a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein of the HIV, TAT-BIND reduces cell death, formation of GGGGCC RNA foci, and levels of poly-GR, poly-GA, and poly-GP dipeptide proteins in cell models of C9ORF72-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS-FTD). We showed that TAT-BIND disrupts the interaction between GGGGCC RNA and nucleolin protein, restores rRNA maturation, and inhibits mislocalization of nucleolin and B23, which eventually suppresses nucleolar stress in C9ALS-FTD. In a Drosophila model of C9ALS-FTD, TAT-BIND suppresses retinal degeneration, rescues climbing ability, and extends the lifespan of flies. In contrast, TAT-BIND has no effect on UAS-poly-glycine-arginine (poly-GR)100-expressing flies, which generate only poly-GR protein toxicity, indicating BIND ameliorates toxicity in C9ALS-FTD models via a r(GGGGCC)exp-dependent inhibitory mechanism. Our findings demonstrated that, apart from being a potential therapeutic for polyQ diseases, BIND is also a potent peptidylic inhibitor that suppresses expanded GGGGCC RNA-mediated neurodegeneration, highlighting its potential application in C9ALS-FTD treatment. Keywords: G4C2, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, cell-penetrating peptide, peptide inhibitor, C9ORF72 more...
- Published
- 2019
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19. Transcriptional dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: Who tipped the balance of Yin Yang 1 in the brain?
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Zhefan Stephen Chen and Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Subjects
Alzheimer′s disease ,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,neurodegeneration ,protein aggregates recruitment ,protein degradation ,subcellular localization ,transcriptional regulation ,Yin Yang 1 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multi-functional transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cell types, including neurons. It controls neuronal differentiation, as well as neuronal specification and migration during the development of the mammalian nervous system. Besides, YY1 also mediates the transcription of genes that are required for neuronal survival. An impairment of the transcriptional function of YY1 causes neuronal death. This review summarizes recent research findings that unveil the dysfunction of YY1 in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. The expression of disease proteins perturbs the function of YY1 via distinct molecular mechanisms, including recruitment to protein aggregates, protein degradation and aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling. Understanding the pathogenic roles of YY1 will further broaden our knowledge of the disease mechanisms in distinct neurodegenerative disorders. more...
- Published
- 2019
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20. First-Generation Inference Accelerator Deployment at Facebook.
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Michael J. Anderson, Benny Chen, Stephen Chen, Summer Deng, Jordan Fix, Michael Gschwind, Aravind Kalaiah, Changkyu Kim, Jaewon Lee, Jason Liang, Haixin Liu, Yinghai Lu, Jack Montgomery, Arun Moorthy, Nadathur Satish, Sam Naghshineh, Avinash Nayak, Jongsoo Park, Chris Petersen, Martin Schatz, Narayanan Sundaram, Bangsheng Tang, Peter Tang, Amy Yang, Jiecao Yu, Hector Yuen, Ying Zhang, Aravind Anbudurai, Vandana Balan, Harsha Bojja, Joe Boyd, Matthew Breitbach, Claudio Caldato, Anna Calvo, Garret Catron, Sneh Chandwani, Panos Christeas, Brad Cottel, Brian Coutinho, Arun Dalli, Abhishek Dhanotia, Oniel Duncan, Roman Dzhabarov, Simon Elmir, Chunli Fu, Wenyin Fu, Michael Fulthorp, Adi Gangidi, Nick Gibson, Sean Gordon, Beatriz Padilla Hernandez, Daniel Ho, Yu-Cheng Huang, Olof Johansson, Shishir Juluri, and et al. more...
- Published
- 2021
21. Isolation and Identification of a Novel Anti-protein Aggregation Activity of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex From Chionanthus retusus Leaves
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Wenhui Pei, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Ho Yin Edwin Chan, Liming Zheng, Chen Liang, and Caoxing Huang
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Chionanthus retusus leaves ,lignin-carbohydrate complex ,antioxidant ,anti-protein aggregation ,reactive oxygen species ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) is the biological macromolecule that has been demonstrated to exert multiple biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis, which support its broad application in the bioengineering field. However, it remains elusive the involvements of LCC in human neurological disorders, especially those with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). In this study, we found a previously undetermined anti-protein aggregation activity of LCC. Initially, two individual LCC preparations and carbohydrate-free lignin were isolated from the water-extracted waste residues of Chionanthus retusus (C. retusus) tender leaves. The chemical compositional analysis revealed that lignin (61.5%) is the predominant constituent in the lignin-rich LCC (LCC-L-CR), whereas the carbohydrate-rich LCC (LCC-C-CR) is mainly composed of carbohydrate (60.9%) with the xylan as the major constituent (42.1%). The NMR structural characterization showed that LCC-L-CR preparation is enriched in benzyl ether linkage, while phenyl glycoside is the predominant type of linkage in LCC-C-CR. Both LCC and lignin preparations showed antioxidant activities as exemplified by their abilities to scavenge free radicals in cultured mammalian cells and ROS in zebrafish. We further demonstrated a pronounced capability of LCC-L-CR in inhibiting the aggregation of expanded Ataxin-3, disease protein of SCA type 3, in human neuronal cells. Taken together, our study highlights the antioxidant and novel anti-protein aggregation activities of the C. retusus tender leaves-derived LCC. more...
- Published
- 2020
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22. Global dispersion of offshore service providers: an information processing perspective.
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Stephen Chen and Nidthida Lin
- Published
- 2016
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23. Stabilization of a 2 × 2 system of hyperbolic PDEs with recirculation in the unactuated channel.
- Author
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Lingling Su, Stephen Chen, Jun-Min Wang, and Miroslav Krstic
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- 2020
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24. Web-Scale Responsive Visual Search at Bing.
- Author
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Houdong Hu, Yan Wang, Linjun Yang, Pavel Komlev, Li Huang, Xi Stephen Chen, Jiapei Huang, Ye Wu, Meenaz Merchant, and Arun Sacheti
- Published
- 2018
25. Measuring the curse of dimensionality and its effects on particle swarm optimization and differential evolution.
- Author
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Stephen Chen 0001, James Montgomery 0001, and Antonio Bolufé Röhler
- Published
- 2015
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26. Invited paper: A Review of Thresheld Convergence
- Author
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Stephen Chen, James Montgomery, Antonio Bolufé-Röhler, and Yasser Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Subjects
Exploration ,Exploitation ,Heuristic Algorithms ,Optimization ,Multi-modality ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
A multi-modal search space can be defined as having multiple attraction basins – each basin has a single local optimum which is reached from all points in that basin when greedy local search is used. Optimization in multi-modal search spaces can then be viewed as a two-phase process. The first phase is exploration in which the most promising attraction basin is identified. The second phase is exploitation in which the best solution (i.e. the local optimum) within the previously identified attraction basin is attained. The goal of thresheld convergence is to improve the performance of search techniques during the first phase of exploration. The effectiveness of thresheld convergence has been demonstrated through applications to existing metaheuristics such as particle swarm optimization and differential evolution, and through the development of novel metaheuristics such as minimum population search and leaders and followers. more...
- Published
- 2015
27. Minimum Population Search, an Application to Molecular Docking
- Author
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Antonio Bolufé-Röhler, Alex Coto-Santiesteban, Marta Rosa Soto, and Stephen Chen
- Subjects
Minimum Population Search ,Molecular Docking ,Heuristic Algorithms ,Optimization ,Multi-modality ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
Computer modeling of protein-ligand interactions is one of the most important phases in a drug design process. Part of the process involves the optimization of highly multi-modal objective (scoring) functions. This research presents the Minimum Population Search heuristic as an alternative for solving these global unconstrained optimization problems. To determine the effectiveness of Minimum Population Search, a comparison with seven state-of-the-art search heuristics is performed. Being specifically designed for the optimization of large scale multi-modal problems, Minimum Population Search achieves excellent results on all of the tested complexes, especially when the amount of available function evaluations is strongly reduced. A first step is also made toward the design of hybrid algorithms based on the exploratory power of Minimum Population Search. Computational results show that hybridization leads to a further improvement in performance. more...
- Published
- 2014
28. Acceso a Recursos de Cómputo de Alto Rendimiento Mediante Correo Electrónico (An email-based platform for accessing High Performance Computing resources)
- Author
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Suilan Estévez Velarde, Amanda Miotto, Andrew Lewis, Antonio Bolufé-Röhler, and Stephen Chen
- Subjects
Cómputo de Alto Rendimiento ,Nimrod ,Clúster de Computadoras ,Programación Distribuida ,Programación en Paralelo ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
Resumen El cómputo de alto rendimiento es una necesidad para el desarrollo de investigaciones con grandes volúmenes de datos. La creciente demanda de este tipo de resultados ha impulsado a varios centros de investigación a poner en funcionamiento recursos de cómputo de alto rendimiento. En Cuba no existe una solución definitiva que permita a todos los centros de investigación disponer de los recursos de cómputo necesarios para desarrollar sus proyectos. Este trabajo propone el empleo de un clúster de computadoras de la Universidad de Griffith a través de una interfaz basada en el correo electrónico. Esta solución permite disponer de recursos de cómputo de alto rendimiento sin necesidad de una alta conectividad. Como caso de estudio se analizan los resultados obtenidos en un proyecto de optimización global en grandes dimensiones desarrollado en la Universidad de La Habana. Para experimentos con un mes de duración (en una computadora estándar) los resultados muestran que al utilizar el recurso de alto rendimiento es posible alcanzar un incremento en el rendimiento relativo superior al 1300%. Abstract: Research with large volumes of data usually require access to High Performance Computing. The increasing demand for this kind of research has led many institutions to develop their own computer clusters. However, in Cuba there is no definitive solution for the High Performance Computing requirements of institutions such as the University of Havana. The expenses of building a computer cluster disallows many institutions to have their own, while the low connectivity limits the use of international high performance computing services. This research presents an alternative solution based on the development of an email-based platform for accessing a computer cluster at Griffith University in Australia. This new communication interface has been successfully used on a Large Scale Optimization research project at the University of Havana. Computational results show that by using the remote cluster it is possible to improve upon the performance of a personal computer by up to 1300%. more...
- Published
- 2014
29. Innovation management and intellectual property in knowledge-oriented economies.
- Author
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Jai-Beom Kim, Chong Ju Choi, and Stephen Chen 0002
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Creating a knowledge-based city: the example of Hsinchu Science Park.
- Author
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Stephen Chen 0002 and Chong Ju Choi
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Knowledge repositories in knowledge cities: institutions, conventions and knowledge subnetworks.
- Author
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Philip Y. K. Cheng, Chong Ju Choi, Stephen Chen 0002, Tarek Ibrahim Eldomiaty, and Carla C. J. M. Millar
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Constraints on E-commerce in Less Developed Countries: The Case of China.
- Author
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Stephen Chen and Jian Ning
- Published
- 2002
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33. Intelligent networking for the global marketplace.
- Author
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Stephen Chen, Masanobu Fujioka, and Gerard O'Reilly
- Published
- 1993
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34. CAG RNAs induce DNA damage and apoptosis by silencing NUDT16 expression in polyglutamine degeneration.
- Author
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Shaohong Peng, Pei Guo, Xiao Lin, Ying An, Kong Hung Sze, Ho Yan Lau, Matthew, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Qianwen Wang, Wen Li, Ka-Li Sun, Jacquelyne, Sum Yi Ma, Ting-Fung Chan, Kwok-Fai Lau, Jacky Chi Ki Ngo, Kin Ming Kwan, Chun-Ho Wong, Sik Lok Lam, Zimmerman, Steven C., Tuccinardi, Tiziano, and Zhong Zuo more...
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DNA damage ,HUNTINGTON disease ,POLYGLUTAMINE ,LABORATORY mice ,SOCIAL degeneration ,COMMERCIAL products ,NATURAL products - Abstract
DNA damage plays a central role in the cellular pathogenesis of polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). In this study, we showed that the expression of untranslatable expanded CAG RNA per se induced the cellular DNA damage response pathway. By means of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we found that expression of the Nudix hydrolase 16 (NUDT16) gene was down-regulated in mutant CAG RNA-expressing cells. The loss of NUDT16 function results in a misincorporation of damaging nucleotides into DNAs and leads to DNA damage. We showed that small CAG (sCAG) RNAs, species generated from expanded CAG transcripts, hybridize with CUG-containing NUDT16 mRNA and form a CAG-CUG RNA heteroduplex, resulting in gene silencing of NUDT16 and leading to the DNA damage and cellular apoptosis. These results were further validated using expanded CAG RNAexpressing mouse primary neurons and in vivo R6/2 HD transgenic mice. Moreover, we identified a bisamidinium compound, DB213, that interacts specifically with the major groove of the CAG RNA homoduplex and disfavors the CAG-CUG heteroduplex formation. This action subsequently mitigated RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-dependent NUDT16 silencing in both in vitro cell and in vivo mouse disease models. After DB213 treatment, DNA damage, apoptosis, and locomotor defects were rescued in HD mice. This work establishes NUDT16 deficiency by CAG repeat RNAs as a pathogenic mechanism of polyQ diseases and as a potential therapeutic direction for HD and other polyQ diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
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35. Information technology - Best practices in design and development.
- Author
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Stephen Chen and Tsun S. Chow
- Published
- 1996
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36. Information technology - Reuse technologies and applications.
- Author
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Stephen Chen and Tsun S. Chow
- Published
- 1996
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37. Drosophila Exo70 Is Essential for Neurite Extension and Survival under Thermal Stress.
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Alex Chun Koon, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Shaohong Peng, Joyce Man See Fung, Xiaoman Zhang, Lembke, Kayly M., Hoi Kin Chow, Frank, Andrew, Liwen Jiang, Kwok-Fai Lau, and Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Subjects
DROSOPHILA ,NEURONS ,THERMAL stresses ,MYONEURAL junction ,EXOCYTOSIS - Abstract
The octomeric exocyst complex governs the final step of exocytosis in both plants and animals. Its roles, however, extend beyond exocytosis and include organelle biogenesis, ciliogenesis, cell migration, and cell growth. Exo70 is a conserved component of the exocyst whose function in Drosophila is unclear. In this study, we characterized two mutant alleles of Drosophila exo70. exo70 mutants exhibit reduced synaptic growth, locomotor activity, glutamate receptor density, and mEPSP amplitude. We found that presynaptic Exo70 is necessary for normal synaptic growth at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). At the neuromuscular junction, exo70 genetically interacts with the small GTPase ralA to regulate synaptic growth. Loss of Exo70 leads to the blockage of JNK signaling-, activity-, and temperatureinduced synaptic outgrowths. We showed that this phenotype is associated with an impairment of integral membrane protein transport to the cell surface at synaptic terminals. I n octopaminergic motor neurons, Exo70 is detected in synaptic varicosities, as well as the regions of membrane extensions in response to activity stimulation. Strikingly, mild thermal stress causes severe neurite outgrowth defects and pharate adult lethality in exo70 mutants. exo70 mutants also display defective locomotor activity in response to starvation stress. These results demonstrated that Exo70 is an important regulator of induced synaptic growth and is crucial for an organism's adaptation to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
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38. A comparison of three algorithms for finding fundamental cycles in a directed graph.
- Author
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Doris R. Ryan and Stephen Chen
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- 1981
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39. A primal algorithm for solving a capacitated network flow problem with additional linear constraints.
- Author
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Stephen Chen and Romesh Saigal
- Published
- 1977
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40. A look at how the Commissioner deals with phoenix companies.
- Author
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Stephen Chen
- Subjects
FINANCIAL services industry ,LIQUIDATION ,TAXATION ,DEBT ,FINES (Penalties) - Abstract
Phoenix activity typically involves the liquidation of a company with accrued debts, often including tax debts and employee entitlements, and the transfer of assets to related parties, following which the directors incorporate a new company and carry on the business as before, but now, hopefully, released from the creditors of the former company. Phoenix activity has long been a problem for creditors, notably including the Commissioner of Taxation. In recent years, the struggle against such practices has intensified, with pushes to reformulate the law, increased monitoring of culprits and harsher penalties. This article examines the problems posed by phoenix activity, and discusses the various remedies available to the Commissioner for deterrence and recovery. These include winding up, freezing orders and Mareva injunctions, director penalty notices, "garnishee" notices, PAYG withholding non-compliance tax, and security deposits. The a rticle also briefly discusses ATO initiatives to mitigate against the prevalence of phoenix activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
41. The Ethics of Counterfeiting in the Fashion Industry: Quality, Credence and Profit Issues.
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Hilton, Brian, Ghong Ju Choi, and Stephen Chen
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PRODUCT counterfeiting ,BUSINESS ethics ,LUXURY goods industry ,PROPERTY rights ,COMMERCIAL law ,INTELLECTUAL property ,MARKETING ,FASHION merchandising ,CRIME & globalization ,COPYRIGHT ,UTILITARIANISM ,MORAL relativism - Abstract
One of the greatest problems facing luxury goods firms in a globalizing market is that of counterfeiting. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different types of counterfeiting that take place in the fashion industry and the ethical issues raised. We argue that the problem partly lies in the industry itself. Copying of designs is endemic and condoned, which raises several ethical dilemmas in passing judgment on the practice of counterfeiting. We analyze the ethical issues in a number of different types of counterfeiting encountered in the fashion industry. We conclude with some observations on the general implications for ethics in intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2004
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42. APPLIED GRAPH THEORY by Clifford W. Marshall, Wiley-Interscience, 1971.
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Stephen Chen
- Published
- 1973
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43. Knockdown of Oct-4or Sox-2Attenuates Neurogenesis of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.
- Author
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Stephen Chen, Andre B.H. Choo, Wang Nai-Dy, Too Heng-Phon, and Steve K.W. Oh
- Subjects
- *
DEVELOPMENTAL neurobiology , *EMBRYONIC stem cells , *GENETIC transformation , *VIRAL genetics - Abstract
We employed a stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA) model of neurogenesis to investigate the effects of targeted knockdown of Oct-4and Sox-2by short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Quantitative real-time PCR showed 40–90 knockdown of specific transcripts with cognate Oct-4or Sox-2siRNA transfection compared to FAM-labeled negative control (FAM) siRNA or mock transfection and was confirmed at the protein level by western blot analyses. Upon differentiation using PA6 SDIA co-cultures, neurogenesis is significantly diminished in Oct-4or Sox-2-targeted mES cells. It was observed that 45 ± 12, 65 ± 13, and 90 ± 8 of the colonies were stained with neuron-specific β-tubulin III in Oct-4, Sox-2, and FAM siRNA transfected mES cells, respectively, with similar results observed using neural inducing factors collected from the surface of PA6. Together, our results extend observations for a role of Oct-4in SDIA and implicate a similar role for Sox-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2007
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44. Valuing intellectual capital using game theory.
- Author
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Stephen Chen
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL capital ,HUMAN capital ,STOCK exchanges ,BUSINESS planning ,STRATEGIC planning - Abstract
Although many schemes for valuing intellectual capital have been suggested in recent years, existing methods are difficult to link to stock market valuations and to business strategy. This paper illustrates how options theory and game theory may be usefully combined to value intellectual capital in strategic scenario planning. First, illustrations are given of how option theory and game theory can help assess the "hidden" value of intellectual capital in different strategic scenarios. Second, some game theoretic scenarios are used to suggest ways in which intellectual capital may be used strategically. This suggests that intellectual capital has particular characteristics that need to be considered in developing a strategy based on intellectual capital as opposed to a strategy based on other firm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2003
45. Chinas Fähigkeiten im Bereich der Unterwasser-Seekriegsführung: Technologische Aspekte.
- Author
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Kirchberger, Sarah
- Subjects
CHINA-Russia relations ,SEA power (Military science) ,DIGITAL divide ,INDUSTRIAL capacity ,SHIPBUILDING - Abstract
Copyright of SIRIUS - Zeitschrift fur Strategische Analysen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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46. Military mimicry: the art of concealment, deception, and imitation.
- Author
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Matthews, Ron and Matthews, Thomas J.
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MILITARY technology ,AGGREGATION (Robotics) ,CAMOUFLAGE (Military science) ,MILITARY personnel - Abstract
Three dominant thematics emerge from the biological mimicry and camouflage literature, namely, concealment, deception, and imitation. These phenomena are interesting in their own right, but conceptually have similar analogs in the military context that have attracted only minimal intellectual curiosity. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to apply biological mimicry and camouflage concepts to the military environment. Concealment in the form of camouflage is traced from its nineteenth century origins to the military's imminent twenty-first century perfection of an "invisibility cloak". Military deception is the art of duping enemies with fakes and dummies. Finally, imitation is examined from three perspectives: firstly, replacement of military personnel with animals; secondly, exploration of bioengineering, including exploitation of avian aerodynamics, insect biophysical structures, and mammal sonar attributes; and, thirdly, Artificial Intelligence that is driving military mimicry along an evolutionary path towards robots, swarms, and avatars in an emerging and novel military technology revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Spontaneous emergence of temporal structures in a continuously driven many-body system.
- Author
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Li, Tingmei, Li, Hong-Xia, Chen, Yu-Hui, and Zhang, Xiangdong
- Abstract
The spontaneous emergence of temporal structures challenges the conventional understanding that systems governed by time-invariant laws remain unchanged over time. Recent experiments have observed this time translation symmetry breaking in quantum atomic systems that either exhibit strong atom-atom interactions or have low dissipation rates. While current theoretical frameworks reveal the importance of strong atom-atom interactions, they fall short in explaining this phenomenon observed in low-dissipation atomic systems. Here, we present a theoretical study on the spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in materials with low dissipation rates. By constructing phase diagrams for a system of four-level atoms driven by a continuous-wave optical field, we identify the essential requirements for self-sustained temporal motions. These include a driven open system, nonlinear interactions, and sufficient degrees of freedom that facilitate competing processes. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the emergence of spontaneous time translation symmetry breaking in these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Notes.
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,WAR (International law) ,RUSSIAN electoral interference ,WORLD Wide Web ,WAR ,DATA security failures ,TASK forces - Abstract
The "Adelphi Series" article explores cyber warfare incidents, state-sponsored cyber operations, and the impact of cyber weapons on modern warfare. It discusses offensive cyber capabilities, international cyber strategies, and the evolving landscape of cyber threats. The document also addresses cybersecurity, AI, quantum computing, China's digital advancements, the US-China tech war, and the EU's tech security considerations. It provides insights into responsible cyber power, the race for quantum supremacy, and the challenges posed by the splinternet. [Extracted from the article] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The future.
- Author
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Willett, Marcus
- Subjects
CYBERSPACE operations (Military science) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONAL security ,CYBERSPACE ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
In the twenty-first century, cyberspace and the 'real world' have become inseparable. The stability and security of cyberspace therefore affect, in increasingly profound ways, the economies, international reputations, national security, military capabilities and global influence of states. In their short history, operations in cyberspace have already been used extensively by states and their non-state supporters for many purposes. They are an inevitable aspect of contemporary international affairs while carrying significant risk. In this Adelphi book, Marcus Willett, a former deputy head of GCHQ, argues that there is no coherent or widely shared understanding of what cyber operations really are, how they are used and what they can do; or of their implications for strategic affairs and international law; or what their 'responsible' use really entails. The myths and misunderstandings that abound tend to dull the conceptual clarity needed by strategic policymakers and overseers, and they complicate the essential task in a liberal democracy of maintaining public consent for, and legitimisation of, the development and use of such capabilities. The book sheds light on these issues, exposing myths and clarifying misunderstandings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Probiotics in Action: Enhancing Immunity and Combatting Diseases for Optimal Health.
- Author
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Singh, Archna, Mazumder, Avijit, Das, Saumya, Tyagi, Pankaj, and Chaitanya, M. V. N. L.
- Subjects
TUMOR necrosis factors ,BIOENGINEERING ,ANTIMICROBIAL peptides ,NUTRITION ,TRANSFORMING growth factors ,CYANOBACTERIAL toxins ,COUMARINS ,ELLAGIC acid - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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