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This article aims to analyze the benefits of implementing Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in accordance with the ISO 14001:2015 standard in Polish manufacturing companies. The study focuses on identifying how the internal characteristics of a company, and its financial situation, influence the variety of benefits obtained from ISO 14001 implementation. The main goal is to understand the role of EMS in the context of the broadly defined Qstrategy of sustainable development (SD) of enterprises. Filling the research gap also involves determining the factors differentiating the scale of benefits, considering both the attributes of enterprises and the parameters of their financial situation. The research methodology uses primary data, collected through a questionnaire survey of enterprises, and secondary data, including financial information. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests are used to analyze and evaluate the differentiation of benefits. The results indicate significant differences in perceptions of the advantages of implementing ISO 14001, depending on factors such as the enterprise’s origin of capital, the geographical scope of its activity, and its financial condition. Among the most significant benefits mentioned are compliance with legal requirements, an improved company image, increased customer numbers, and growth in operational efficiency. The article contributes to the literature on environmental management, emphasizing the importance of diversification of a company’s internal and external factors in the context of the benefits arising from EMS. The implications of this study are significant, both for the theory of environmental management and for business practices; it offers insight into how companies can maximize the benefits of implementing the ISO 14001 standard.

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that most frequently affects part of the distal ileum, but it may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. CD may also be related to systemic inflammation and extraintestinal manifestations. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, gradually worsening behavioral and cognitive functions. Despite the meaningful progress, both diseases are still incurable and have a not fully explained, heterogeneous pathomechanism that includes immunological, microbiological, genetic, and environmental factors. Recently, emerging evidence indicates that chronic inflammatory condition corresponds to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, and intestinal inflammation, including CD, increases the risk of AD. Even though it is now known that CD increases the risk of AD, the exact pathways connecting these two seemingly unrelated diseases remain still unclear. One of the key postulates is the gut-brain axis. There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota with its proteins, DNA, and metabolites influence several processes related to the etiology of AD, including β-amyloid abnormality, Tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. Considering the role of microbiota in both CD and AD pathology, in this review, we want to shed light on bacterial amyloids and their potential to influence cerebral amyloid aggregation and neuroinflammation and provide an overview of the current literature on amyloids as a potential linker between AD and CD.

Cancer diseases constitute a major health problem which leads to the death of millions of people annually. They are unique among other diseases because cancer cells can perfectly adapt to the environment that they create themselves. This environment is usually highly hostile and for normal cells it would be hugely difficult to survive, however neoplastic cells not only can survive but also manage to proliferate. One of the reasons is that they can alter immunological pathways which allow them to be flexible and change their phenotype to the one needed in specific conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe some of these immunological pathways that play significant roles in gynecologic neoplasms as well as review recent research in this field. It is of high importance to possess extensive knowledge about these processes, as greater understanding leads to creating more specialized therapies which may prove highly effective in the future.

The increasing automotive development generates large amount of waste car tires, which cannot be landfilled and the reuse level of raw materials used in vehicles production must achieve at least 95 %. The calorific value of waste tires is very high and they can be considered as energy carries, for example in the form of char generated during pyrolysis process. The article presents the results of chemical analysis of char samples and parameters which are crucial from the environment and iron ore sintering process point of view. The results show, that char samples with high carbon content, low sulfur, zinc and pyrolysis oil content can be applied in the iron ore sintering process.

The rise of social media has had a huge impact on the body modification services market. This study aims to reflect on the transformation of the tattoo community, giving voice to tattoo artists themselves in order to reveal their practices within the digital spaces they operate in, and on this basis, to undertake a broader reflection on users’ expectations towards social media in their current form and in the future. In order to achieve this premise, a grounded theory methodology was applied. The results of the study suggest that forms of resistance to platform hegemony, such as alternative social media, would not necessarily address the real needs of tattoo artists and their clients. Tattoo artists, by inventing various tactics of poaching in the polymedia environment, can reap unexpected benefits from the aspects of the platforms that are often perceived as limiting and potentially harmful – such as content selection algorithms.

Researchers are amazed at the multitude of biological effects of 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, more commonly known as luteolin, as it simultaneously has antioxidant and pro-oxidant, as well as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-preventive, properties. The anticancer properties of luteolin constitute a mosaic of pathways due to which this flavonoid influences cancer cells. Not only is it able to induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation, but it also suppresses angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, luteolin succeeds in cancer cell sensitization to therapeutically induced cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, apart from its promising role in chemoprevention, luteolin exhibits numerous potential utilizations in patients with conditions other than neoplasms, which include inflammatory skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19. This review aims to present the multidimensionality of the luteolin’s impact on both neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. When it comes to neoplasms, we intend to describe the complexity of the molecular mechanisms that underlay luteolin’s anticancer effectiveness, as well as to prove the usefulness of integrating this flavonoid in cancer therapy via the analysis of recent research on breast, colon, and lung cancer. Regarding nonneoplastic diseases, this review aims to emphasize the importance of researching the potential of luteolin in areas such as diabetology, virology, and dermatology as it summarizes the most important discoveries in those fields regarding its application.

This study presents the results of research on the process of smelting of copper matte with the use of anthracite waste dust as fuel. A method of introducing this carbon-bearing waste into the technological process carried out in a shaft furnace in the form of an additive to briquettes with copper concentrate was developed. These briquettes were tested for the required strength properties.

School safety is the process of creating an appropriate “school climate”, which is physically, mentally, emotionally and socially related to a safe space for students and their parents, teachers and the entire school staff. It is connected with the educational and upbringing process, both in typical situations and in the event of potential threats. In order to enable the creation of an appropriate “school climate”, it is important to carry out preventive actions in the field of dysfunctional behavior of school youth. The aim of this paper was to present the results of the research conducted in 2020 in Rzeszów on a population of 1091 primary and secondary school students. The results showed that school students were aware that to reduce the scale of dysfunctional phenomena at school, preventive measures should be intensified. Moreover, the youth under the survey had a positive attitude to preventive actions implemented in schools, which translates into an increase in the sense of security at school, the sense of acceptance and appreciation of the student, as well as an increase in awareness of the existence of various social threats.

Scrap processed in the electric arc furnace (EAF) process in the form of car bodies or housings of household appliances generates dust containing a large amount of zinc. Coke or anthracite is currently used as a reducer in pyrometallurgical technologies used for the processing of waste zinc-bearing materials. The article presents the results of research on a large-laboratory scale, in which anthracite dust was used as a waste reducer. The presented research confirmed the high efficiency of the reducer used. The degree of zinc removal in the process of steel dust processing in the kiln was at the level of 80 %. Such values indicate that waste anthracite dust can be an alternative carbonbearing material in the process of steel dust processing.

The history of consumer behavior dates back to the beginnings of man's existence because he has always felt the need and strived to satisfy it. However, consumer behaviour as a subject of research is considered a relatively young field. Its interdisciplinary character is evidenced by the fact that consumer behavior is considered on many scientific levels, such as psychology, sociology or economics. There is, therefore, no single definition of consumer behavior that can be considered mandatory, as each of them draws attention to different aspects of consumer behavior. Consumer behavior has been evaluated over the years, leading to a change in the perception of consumption and the emergence of trends that help to create a profile of the modern consumer. Knowledge of current trends and the needs that the modern consumer feels helps companies create a marketing strategy that gives them a market advantage. The purpose of this study is to explain the origins, changes in consumer behavior, as well as to define the profile of the modern consumer and the characteristics of selected trends in consumption.

Cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by the damage of central nervous system in the early period of its development [1]. In cerebral palsy, motor disorders are associated by symptoms, being also a result of brain damage. Rehabilitation of children suffering from developmental disorders should be early, comprehensive and continuous. Child suffering from cerebral palsy should work with a team of physicians, therapists, that is, physiotherapist, psychologist, educator and other specialists adapted individually to the needs of a patient.

The article presents the case of a 28-year-old woman after vaginal delivery assisted by the use of a vacuum extractor. During delivery, the II° perineal rupture and pelvic floor tissue damage occurred. The patient came to the urogynecological physiotherapy practise because of major pain associated with the episiotomy scar. The article describes effects of physiotherapy.

Returning to sexual intercourse after childbirth is a significant problem for many young parents. The most frequently recommended period of sexual absenteeism is the postpartum period. It is a period of regeneration of the body and return to full physical activity. There are many reasons for not engaging in sexual activity after childbirth. However, this article focuses on somatic causes, such as those that require the help of a urogynecological physiotherapist.

According to the World Health Organization, premature baby is a newborn baby that was born between 22nd and 37th week of pregnancy. The premature babies, due to immaturity of all systems, require special care from the whole medical personnel and holistic approach. The role of a physiotherapist at the Neonatal Pathology Ward is a very important aspect and care of a little patient should be adjusted individually. The most important assumptions of the methods in the care of premature babies at the intensive care unit include normalization of muscle tension, change of abnormal posture and motor patterns, as well as normal sensory experiences. Techniques and supports adjusted to physical and personality capabilities of a child are applied during therapy [1,2]. The Neonatal Pathology Ward is also a place for a clinical speech therapist who has a very important task in the care of a premature baby. A speech therapist who deals with therapy of a premature baby, checks anatomical conditions of the oral cavity, that is, tongue mobility, length of a frenulum, structure of the palate, and then develops a model of support individual for every patient [3]. Interdisciplinary work of the members of a medical team is necessary to provide modern and professional care for the patients.

We talk about infertility when a couple, despite regular intercourse 3-4 times a week, cannot get pregnant within a year. The problem of infertility equally affects both women and men. There are at least few reasons for this. A less common cause of infertility is immunological infertility. The paper presents the history of a couple affected by this type of infertility.

Multiple sclerosis (Latin sclerosis multiplex, MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease that requires comprehensive and continuous physiotherapy. Its most common symptoms are spasticity, balance disorders, ataxia, tremors, limited range of joint movements, decreased muscle strength, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, dysphagia, and speech disorders. The aim of this study is to describe the most commonly used methods of physiotherapy that are used in multiple sclerosis, based on the available literature.

This research focused on family tourism and its influence on the current interest and participation of students in tourism and on the quality of their lives. The study examined the participants’ frequency and limitations on their involvement in family tourism. The results from the study were compared to the current level of tourism activity. The study compared the forms, types of tourism and methods of its organization. Qualitative research provides more precision in examining the results and this study concentrated on the perception of elements within family tourism involvement that improved life quality. The study collected data using the methods of diagnostic survey and structured in-depth interviews. In addition, the study utilized the non-parametric chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for statistical analysis. The study found that there was statistically significant dependence between travelling with parents in the past and the level and quality of current tourism activities of academic students.

Animal welfare research has raised concerns regarding the intensification of farm animal housing systems that offer limited opportunity for movement. Applying deep learning models to location tracking provides an opportunity for accurate and timely measurement of cow movement within the housing environment. The objective of this study is to develop an accurate and low-cost alternative to manual cow tracking of spatial use in their tie-stall by applying deep learning techniques. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were video recorded for a continuous 24-h period on weeks 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10. Individual images showing the in-stall position of each cow were extracted from each 24-h recording at a rate of one image per minute. Three coordinates on each cow were manually annotated on the image sequences to track the location of the left hip, the right hip, and the neck. The final dataset used to validate the deep learning approach consisted of 199,100 Red-Green-Blue images with manual coordinate annotations. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to train 5 variants of different deep residual networks. Model performance was expressed in terms of pixel error for each coordinate annotated from the validation image set. Pixel error was converted to a standard measure in cm using the average pixel/cm ratio for each cow in each week. The average error from all 3 coordinates in the best model was equivalent to a 1.44 cm error for Resnet-18 in the actual physical placement of the coordinates within the stall environment. Based on this high degree of accuracy, this model could be used to analyze the activity patterns of individual cows for optimization of stall spaces and improved ease of movement.

Family medicine has not received appropriate attention in the sub-Saharan African context. In particular, family medicine is rarely recognised as a medical speciality and most African countries are silent on the role of family medicine in their health systems. There is, however, an emerging interest in developing family medicine as a key component of primary healthcare. Postgraduate training in family medicine is progressing and many countries have already established specific training programmes. In addition, there have been attempts to define the importance of family medicine, which, we expect, this short report contributes to. Interviews were conducted with physicians, partners and beneficiaries of two international development projects funded by the Canadian government. The one project supports training of health professionals and the other education of healthy women and girls in the community. The objective was to document the strengthening of primary healthcare through the creation and adaptation of a new family and community medicine postgraduate medical programme (which includes both family and community medicine) emphasising field training, immersion in local communities and interdisciplinary collaboration. This article underlines the importance of family medicine in Mali by documenting how what is now termed family and community medicine can promote community-orientated health services. To do so, we use the examples of initiatives and actions done through two international health development projects.

Naringenin is a trihydroxyflavanone present in large amount in different citrus fruits, e.g., oranges, pomelos, grapefruits, but also in tomatoes, fenugreek and coffee. It has a wide range of pharmacological and biological effects beneficial to human health. Its antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antimicrobial activity is frequently reported in scientific literature. In this review we presented the current state of knowledge on the antimicrobial activity of naringenin and its natural and synthetic derivatives as a phytobiotic against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi in humans. Most of the data reported here have been obtained from in vitro or in vivo studies. Over the past few years, due to the overuse of antibiotics, the occurrence of bacteria resistant to all available antibiotics has been growing. Therefore, the main focus here is on antibiotic resistant strains, which are a significant, worldwide problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. The situation is so alarming that the WHO has listed microbial resistance to drugs on the list of the 10 most important health problems facing humanity. In addition, based on scientific reports from recent years, we described the potential molecular mechanism of action of these bioflavonoids against pathogenic strains of microorganisms. As plant-derived substances have been pushed out of use with the beginning of the antibiotic era, we hope that this review will contribute to their return as alternative methods of preventing and treating infections in the epoch of drug resistance.

A man as a conscious and rational being tries to define his place in the universe, himself in relation to the cosmos, absolute, logos and nature. Witold Koehler in the book “Animals are waiting” undertakes an analysis of key issues that arise from the man-animal relationship. He deals with the issue of animal consumption, including the question of keeping live fish in the shop, as well as hunting or training. This paper is an attempt to bring closer both the historical development of human-animal relations and their contemporary state – the attention has been paid to issues related to this state, with particular emphasis on meat consumption, and they have been shown through the prism of the concepts of Witold Koehler.

Correct posture is a harmonized system of individual parts of the body in relation to each other and in relation to the mechanical axis of the body, maintained at minimum tension of the muscular and nervous systems [1,2,3]. Any postural defect is commonly referred to as a bad posture. According to Wilczyński, these are changes in an upright, free position of the body, which differ significantly from the typical posture of a given gender, age, constitutional structure and race, which are the result of pathological changes and may occur at all body levels [4,5,6]. The most common postural defects associated with the spine include concave, round, round-concave, flat and scoliosis back. Problems that occur in relation to each disease are not only a part of bad posture and do not concern only the spine itself. This is a complex problem and it is necessary to approach the subject holistically and in many directions.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of tokophobia on delivery solution by Caesarean section. The number of deliveries solved by Caesarean section has increased significantly in recent years. In Poland, it has almost doubled since 2000 (from 18.1% to 37%) Research methods: A survey was used in the study. 25 first-born girls and 25 multi-rivers took part, the selection criterion was delivered by caesarean section. Results: The fear of giving birth was the cause of caesarean section in 12 of the 25 primigravidas and 12 of the 25 multigravidas. Conclusion: Fear of childbirth may be a very important issue related to planning the delivery method.

The daily energy requirement of infants depends on age, sex and body weight. Breastfeeding is the most appropriate way to feed babies in the first 6 months of their lives. According to WHO recommendations, one should aim for exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of your child's life. After 6 months, the baby's diet should be extended, continuing breastfeeding. It is recommended to continue feeding with the mother's milk, according to the WHO, until the second year of life, and according to AAP up to 12 months, with the simultaneous introduction of supplementary foods. When, for various reasons, it is not possible to feed the infant with mother's milk, the products substituting for female milk are used. Infant formula is intended for children under 6 months of age and fully satisfies the nutritional needs of an infant. Complementary Feeding should be started between 17 and 26 weeks of age.

Cerebral palsy in children is a syndrome of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous system in its early development [1]. Damage to the structure of the upper motor neuron during its early development leads to dysfunction of the central motor control system and, consequently, to impairment of the child’s functional development [2,3]. The consequences of damage to the central motor control system include the presence of muscular tension disorders, especially spasticity [4,5]. Botulinum toxin is one of the many pharmacological agents used to reduce spasticity. Botulinum toxin therapy is one of the most effective and currently safest methods for the treatment of spasticity in children [6].

Teachers belong to professions particularly vulnerable to burnout. Due to level of teacher’s legal and social responsibility, and impact they have on students, this occupational group is under constant research interest about burnout and coping with stress. Many analyzes indicate connection between individual differences (coping style, emotional intelligence), working conditions, and level of burnout. This article provides review of this research.

Introduction: Physical effort has a positive effect on the human body, through its protective effect on the development of many diseases, along with cardiovascular system diseases. Irisin is an adipomiokine that is a fragment of the doemeny of extracellular FNDC5 protein. It is released from FNDC5 due to physical activity and peroxisome proliferator receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) stimulation. It forms a link between the muscles and other tissues of the body. Moreover, it affects the conversion of white adipose tissue into brownish-like fat tissue. Aim: For over 15 years ischemic heart disease has been one of the most common causes of death in the world. Therefore, attempts have been made to clarify the role it has in ischemic heart disease. Conclusions: It has been proven, that the concentration of irisin decreases in patients with myocardial infarction it also correlates with the severity of stable coronary disease and a higher SYNTAX score. Hence, the hypothesis was that the level of this protein probably depends on the inflow of blood to the myocardium. It can therefore be used for the panel of myocardial damage. The New Approach of therapeutic options uses irisin with stem cells during the repairing of myocardium. Despite much interest in irisin, there are still many questions that need to be answered, in particular those related to the irisin cell receptor and what is related to the clarification of its mechanisms in physiology.

A significant increase in the incidence of depression, change of lifestyle and nutrition, forces researchers to seek understanding of the various mechanisms of the formation of such a disorder. Numerous studies draw attention to dysbiosis - a disorder of the composition and function of the intestinal microflora. In current studies, strong correlations can be observed between microbiota disorders and the occurrence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

This paper aims to is to review the literature on the relationship between microbiota and the immune system in terms of the quality of life of patients after arterial repair operations. Angiology is a branch of medicine dealing with vascular diseases of the blood and lymphatic system. As a sub-discipline of surgery, together with techniques of surgical radiology, it has gained high recognition in the medical environment. Despite increasing progress in the process of arterial repair, postoperative complications in the form of swelling of the lower extremities of the operated side are still a problem. This problem concerns about 6% of patients. Another problem is the risk of vascular transplant infection. The high mortality rate estimated at 9% is worrying. Equally alarming is the percentage of limb amputations at the level of the shin or thigh. It should also be emphasized that the above complications may significantly indicate weakened immunity of patients, thus translating into the slower tissue regeneration process. Even the increasing degree of emotional disturbances as a result of weakened microflora.

Tattoo is one of the most frequently used techniques of permanent body decoration, it is a graphic sign obtained on the skin as a result of the introduction of dye into the skin tissue. It happens that the tattoo begins to disturb, life circumstances change, the tattoo reminds you of something you would like to forget. The development of tattoo removal methods is the expression of a search for a method to completely remove it without damaging the tissue. The methods used so far include: lasers, surgery, peels, dermabrasion (chemical and mechanical), cryosurgery, electrosurgery, light coagulation in the infrared range, salabrasia (use of sodium chloride), camouflage, etc., however, no method guarantees complete removal of the tattoo.

Rehabilitation of patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is the subject of many physiotherapeutic discussions. Of all sports injuries, about 70% are damage to the knee joint. Among these, in turn, the injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament occupy the leading position. Reconstruction is the best way to recreate a damaged ACL. The return of the patient to full physical fitness and daily activities are conditioned by surgery and improvement procedures. Early rehabilitation, the selection of appropriate rehabilitation methods, as well as individual characteristics of the patient affect the acceleration of the rehabilitation procedure and the results achieved at particular stages of physiotherapy

SIDS - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is a sudden, unexpected death of an infant during sleep, which can not be justified by a medical history or post-mortem examination. This is undoubtedly one of the worst situations that young parents can encounter. Fear for child is enormous and often man tries to do everything to protect his offspring from danger, pain and illness. Unfortunately, SIDS concern healthy-growing infants, who are not suspected of any disease. The vast majority of cases occur in a baby cot, less often in the bed of parents, a pram or a car seat. It mainly concerns children up to 6 months old, but it also happens at a later age. The aim of this work is to discuss the risk factors and prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

The human motoriness is the whole of behaviors, possibilities and needs movement differently manifested at every stage of life. The pre-school period is the so-called golden period of motoriness. At this stage of life, all movement skills that affect further development of the child are improved, both in the physical, mental, intelectual and social spheres. External interventions to improve and improve skills in small and large motor skills seem to be extremely important. We should hold on the occurrence of motor development disorders and the introduction of rehabilitation as soon as possible.

Dysmorphophobia (BDD), also called the obsession of perfection, is a disorder involving the extreme negative assessment of one's own appearance resulting from a slight defect that is exaggerated. Dysmorfophobia belongs to hypochondriac disorders. This disease affects 0.7-2.4% of the total population, but knowledge about it is still not common. Perceptual disorders most often affect the skin, hair, nose, body weight, stomach, breasts, eyes, thighs and teeth. Legs, body build, face and face size are less often. In addition to typical psychotherapy, well-chosen relaxation techniques and cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as pharmacotherapy are also applied.

Microbiome is a key element in maintaining health, forming all saprophytic, commensal and parasitic microorganisms that invade the human body. The development of microbiota begins already in the prenatal period, providing the way for further studies on the influence of the course and duration of pregnancy, delivery mode, feeding, exposure to environmental factors and gestational age. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of infants is an important aspect of later health. Probiotics and prebiotics can regulate the composition of bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract and thus influence the homeostasis of human body.

Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care is special time in woman’s life. Often those moment cause many different emotions, both positive and negative. Mothers-to-be are often scared of childbirth, with following strong fear for life and health of their baby. The very moment of delivery can be special experience, unfortunately not always pleasant. This is why there is special note given to the role of social support as factor enhancing the proces of adaptation to the new role. Adequate support can reduce fear of childbirth, reduce probability of postpartum depression and enhance proper mother – child interaction.

Objectives : A still small number of Poles declare regular physical activity. International Obesity reports Task Force shows that 30-45 million children in the world aged 5 to 17 suffer from overweight, and under the age of five, 22 million. In total, nearly 155 million children and adolescents are obese or overweight. Currently in Poland is the highest percentage of men over 15 years of age suffering from these conditions among all European Union countries. The research aims to assess the impact of general conditioning exercises on the development of motor fitness of pre-school children. Material and methods : The research was carried out in 2013 at the kindergarten in Szczecin. The children who took part in the study were aged three to six years. Classes were conducted according to the "Key to Learning" program, which was based on the ideas of LeoVygotsky . The study involved 82 preschoolers, including 38 girls and 44 boys. Results : Compiled results indicate that physical activity determines the proper formation of traits not only motor but also psychological and social behavior in pre-school children. Own research has shown that general development exercises positively influence the level of children's physical fitness, they show on average a very good and good level, which should positively affect their health. Conclusions : Physical efficiency is one of the most important health parameters, and its high level obtained in the early years guarantees correct adaptation in later periods of life. In children and adolescents, the right amount of traffic plays a huge role. Encouraging and introducing as early as possible an active form of spending time both in kindergarten and outside it is very important and positively affects motor efficiency of children. kay words : motor fitness, health, physical activity, general development exercises, sport, children

Cerebral palsy is a broad term, including various, changing with age movement and postural disorders of cerebral origin [1]. Gait of children suffering from cerebral palsy is characterized by changeability. Observed gait abnormalities are caused by incorrect steering of movements of a child and they are the effects of brain damage and compensation mechanisms. The orthoses should be applied in children suffering from cerebral palsy to protect against deformations of lower limbs. An orthosis prevents the occurrence of articular contractures, probably as a result of inhibition of biomechanical changes in periarticular collagen caused by immobilization [9,10]. Selecting an appropriate orthosis is a key element of the process of treatment of diseases of musculoskeletal system. Orthosis should always be selected individually, depending on the needs and capabilities of a patient. The following orthoses can be distinguished: ankle joint orthoses, dynamic foot orthosis and complex orthoses stabilizing ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint. Selecting an appropriate orthopedic equipment is a very important aspect in complex rehabilitation of children suffering from cerebral palsy.

Recent years show a gradual increase in births of children with cerebral palsy. All children affected by this disease entity should be supported neurodevelopmental. The aim of the work is to assess the long-term development of children with cerebral palsy. It is intended, allowed to increase opportunities and leveling development differences neurological rehabilitation of children covered by unifying therapeutic support and education of parents. An important aspect is the assessment of the effects of neurodevelopmental therapy in the context of the intensity and complexity of the treatment and analysis of the development of motor skills of children covered by development assistance.

The basic direction of monitoring and analyzing the process of procreation, getting pregnant, its course, possible complications and delivery is a medical, biological perspective. Psychology has entered medical areas practically with all its basic research directions. Many publications from the fringe of psychology and obstetrics draw attention to the magnitude of possible factors affecting the quality of the relationship of the mother and her newborn child. Preliminary conclusions were based on a pilot study - it included 43 pregnant women. The study was conducted among patients in hospitals, specialist counseling centers and gynecological surgeries, and clients of birthing class. The respondents filled out the following questionnaires: Author's sociometric-medical survey, Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale (Cranley); General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzerer and Jerusalem). Statistical analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) of selected variables showed statistically insignificant (p> 0.05) correlations from very weak to high. A high correlation occurs between the week of pregnancy and a sense of bond with the child (r = 0.792) and a week of pregnancy and a sense of self-generalized effectiveness (r = 0.847).