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In the face of global issues like growing unemployment, entrepreneurship is essential for boosting a country's economic competitiveness, encouraging growth, and guaranteeing sustainability. However, after enjoying the rewards of entrepreneurship, it became clear that it had a negative effect on the environment due to resource exploitation and rising carbon emissions. There is still a significant void in the scholarly synthesis of sustainable entrepreneurship, despite its increasing significance. In order to provide nuanced insights, this chapter reviews research by combining systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. The chapter's research questions cover the state of sustainability and entrepreneurial intentions today, as well as influential papers, successful researchers, themes, trends, and research gaps. This review, which looks at 291 academic papers from Web of Science and Scopus, directs future research on entrepreneurship, especially in relation to sustainability principles. In order to help achieve the SDGs and promote a more sustainable future, this paper aims to advance academic knowledge and guide the course of significant research in sustainable entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tropical countries, combating leaf curl disease in hot peppers has become important in improvement programs. Leaf curl disease is caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted begomoviruses, which mainly include chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). However, multiple begomoviruses have also been found to be associated with this disease. The Capsicum annuum line, DLS-Sel-10, was found to be a tolerant source against this disease during field screening. In this study, we characterized the resistance of DLS-sel-10 against chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) in comparison to the susceptible cultivar Phule Mukta (PM), focusing on the level, stage, and nature of resistance. Comprehensive investigations involved screening of DLS-Sel-10 against the whitefly vector ChiLCV. The putative tolerant line displayed reduced virus infection at the seedling stage, with increasing resistance during vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages. Both DLS-Sel-10 and PM could be infected with ChiLCV, although DLS-Sel-10 remained symptomless. Insect feeding assays revealed DLS-Sel-10 as a less preferred host for whiteflies compared to PM. In conclusion, DLS-Sel-10 demonstrated tolerance not only to ChiLCV but also served as an unfavorable host for the whitefly vector. The study highlighted an age-dependent increase in tolerance within DLS-Sel-10, showcasing its potential for effective leaf curl disease management in chilli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperatures present a formidable challenge to the cultivation of hot pepper, profoundly impacting not only vegetative growth but also leading to flower and fruit abscission, thereby causing a significant reduction in yield. To unravel the intricate genetic mechanisms governing heat tolerance in hot pepper, an F2 population was developed through the crossing of two distinct genotypes exhibiting contrasting heat tolerance characteristics: DLS-161-1 (heat tolerant) and DChBL-240 (heat susceptible). The F2 population, along with the parental lines, was subjected to comprehensive phenotyping encompassing diverse morphological, physiological, and biochemical heat-related traits under high temperature conditions (with maximum temperature ranging from 31 to 46.5°C and minimum temperature from 15.4 to 30.5°C). Leveraging the Illumina Nova Seq-6000 platform, Double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was employed to generate 67.215 Gb data, with subsequent alignment of 218.93 million processed reads against the reference genome of Capsicum annuum. Subsequent variant calling and ordering resulted in 5806 polymorphic SNP markers grouped into 12 LGs. Further QTL analysis identified 64 QTLs with LOD values ranging from 2.517 to 11.170 and explained phenotypic variance ranging from 4.05 to 19.39%. Among them, 21 QTLs, explaining more than 10% phenotypic variance, were identified as major QTLs controlling 9 morphological, 3 physiological, and 2 biochemical traits. Interestingly, several QTLs governing distinct parameters were found to be colocalized, suggesting either a profound correlation between the QTLs regulating these traits or their significant genomic proximity. In addition to the QTLs, we also identified 368380 SSR loci within the identified QTL regions, dinucleotides being the most abundant type (211,381). These findings provide valuable insights into the genetics of heat tolerance in hot peppers. The identified QTLs and SSR markers offer opportunities to develop heat-tolerant varieties, ensuring better crop performance under high-temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prion diseases are immedicable neurodegenerative conditions affecting both animals and humans. The disease was first discovered by Stanley B. Prusiner and he defined Prions as infectious, transmissible proteinaceous particles that lack nucleic acid and are composed exclusively of a modified isoform of the non-infectious cellular prion protein (PrPC). The dentist must bear in mind of this disease because the Prions resist the standard sterilization procedures in normal clinical use and is barely completely eliminated by incineration. This article reviews current knowledge of the presence of prion within the mouth, risk of transmission and discusses infection control protocol for the patients with prion disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant families like Asclepiadaceae have been found to be rich sources of pregnane and cardiac glycosides. Brevoside, a novel pregnane monoglycoside, was isolated from the chloroform extract of the whole plant Sarcostemma brevistigma (family: Asclepiadaceae). The structure of the isolated compound, brevoside, was elucidated by chemical degradation and physicochemical techniques like 1H, 13C, 2D NMR spectroscopy, and ES-MS techniques. The structure of the compound was deduced as 11α-O-4-methoxy benzoyl-20-oxo-pregn-5-ene-3β, 14β - diol -12-O-α-D-cymaropyranoside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) mediates the membrane permeation of mitochondrial matrix proteins. Tom20 is a subunit of the TOM complex and binds to the N‐terminal region (ie, presequence) in mitochondrial matrix precursor proteins. Previous experimental studies indicated that the presequence recognition by Tom20 was achieved in a dynamic‐equilibrium among multiple bound states of the α‐helical presequence. Accordingly, the co‐crystallization of Tom20 and a presequence peptide required a disulfide‐bond cross‐linking. A 3‐residue spacer sequence (XAG) was inserted between the presequence and the anchoring Cys residue at the C‐terminus to not disturb the movement of the presequence peptide in the binding site of Tom20. Two crystalline forms were obtained according to Ala or Tyr at the X position of the spacer sequence, which may reflect the dynamic‐equilibrium of the presequence. Here, we have performed replica‐exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations to study the effect of disulfide‐bond linker and single amino acid difference in the spacer region of the linker on the conformational dynamics of Tom20‐presequence complex. Free energy and network analyses of the REMD simulations were compared against previous simulations of non‐tethered system. We concluded that the disulfide‐bond tethering did not strongly affect the conformational ensemble of the presequence peptide in the complex. Further investigation showed that the choice of Ala or Tyr at the X position did not affect the most distributions of the conformational ensemble of the presequence. The present study provides a rational basis for the disulfide‐bond tethering to study the dynamics of weakly binding complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most of the daily living activities (ADL) require dual-task (DT) performance so as to efficiently accomplish different tasks in everyday life like shifting objects from one place to other, monitoring the environment, and judging the threats and balancing efficiently to transfer self, etc. Due to disruption of the motor function of basal ganglia, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) demonstrate noticeable problems while performing DT with a significant amount of gait and balance impairments which are also known as fall risk factors. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the long-term effect of a DT training program applied with basic principles of motor learning on falling and ADL in patients with PD. Study Design: Pre-test and post-test experimental study design. Methods: Fifty-four patients with PD were allocated into two groups by simple randomization. Outcomes were recorded for fear of fall (FOF) by Tinetti Fall Efficacy Scale, ADL by functional independence measure and a number of falls within the last 6 months. Both the groups received occupational therapy services, whereas the patients of the experimental group received a 4 weeks program of one-on-one training program including walking while performing several motor and cognitive tasks. Data for all outcomes were measured before training and posttraining. Follow-up scores were recorded till 2 years after completion of the training program. Results: Both the groups showed significant improvements in FOF and ADL scores. Between the group, analyses showed experimental group had a significant difference in the improvements than the control group. There was a significant difference noted between posttraining and follow-up scores for both the groups. The number of falls in both groups reduced significantly. The experimental group showed a significant reduction in some falls as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The result of this study showed feasibility as well as the efficacy of DT training program to minimize falls and FOF thus resulting in improvement of functional independence with its strong retention effect till 2 years after posttraining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present climate change scenario, controlling plant disease through exploitation of host plant resistance could contribute toward the sustainable crop production and global food security. In this respect, the identification of new sources of resistance and utilization of genetic diversity within the species may help in the generation of cultivars with improved disease resistance. Begomoviruses namely, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Chilli leaf curl virus (ChLCV) are known to cause major yield losses in several economically important crop plants of the family Solanaceae. Though co-occurrence, association and synergistic interactions among these viruses in the host plants is reported, whether orthologous genetic loci in related host plants could be responsible for conferring resistance to these viruses has not been investigated yet. Several loci including Ty1, Ty2, Ty3, Ty4, and ty5 have been reported to confer resistance to leaf curl viruses in tomato. Here, we examined the pepper orthologous markers, corresponding to these QTL regions, for polymorphism between ChLCV susceptible and resistant genotypes of pepper. Further, to examine if the polymorphic markers are segregating with the disease resistance, Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was performed on F2 population derived from crosses between resistant and susceptible lines. However, none of the markers showed polymorphism in BSA suggesting that the tested markers are not linked to genes/QTLs responsible for conferring resistance to ChLCV in the selected genotypes. In silico analysis was performed to study the synteny and collinearity of genes located within these QTL regions in tomato and pepper genomes, which revealed that more than 60% genes located in Ty2 and Ty4, 13.71% genes in Ty1, 23.07% in Ty3, and 44.77%genes located within ty5 QTL region in tomato are conserved in pepper genome. However, despite such a high conservation in gene content, the linkage relationship in these regions seems to be greatly affected by gross rearrangements in both the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel pregnane glycoside, Ichnoside, was isolated from the chloroform extract of the areal parts of the plant Ichnocarpus frutiscens (family: Apocynaceae). The structure of the isolated glycoside, Ichnoside, was elucidated by the acid hydrolysis and chemical transformation / degradation and physicochemical techniques like 1H, 13C, 2D NMR, and FABMS techniques. The structure of the compound was deduced as 3β, 14β, 20β-trihydroxy-pregnane-3-O-α (6-O-methoxy phenyl) galactopyranoside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants of Asclepiadaceae and Apocynaceae families are rich sources of pregnane and cardiac glycosides, which are known to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunostimulant, cardiotonic and hypoglycemic activities. Ichnocarpus frutescens, a species of the Apocyanaceae family, has a large number of uses in the traditional medicine, including treatment for fever, bronchitis, rheumatism, asthma, cholera, and leucoderma. In search for more biologically active compounds, a novel compound, carpuside, was isolated from the chloroform extract of aerial part of the plant I. frutescens. The structure of the isolated glycoside, carpuside, was confirmed by the chemical transformation / degradation and physicochemical techniques like ¹H, 13C, 2D NMR, and FABMS techniques. The structure of the novel compound, carpuside, was deduced as calogenin-3-O-α-L-fucopyranosyl- (1->4)-α-L-digitoxopyranoside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used an in silico approach to survey and compare microsatellites in transcript sequences of four sequenced members of genus Fusarium. G + C content of transcripts was found to be positively correlated with the frequency of SSRs. Our analysis revealed that, in all the four transcript sequences studied, the occurrence, relative abundance and density of microsatellites varied and was not influenced by transcript sizes. No correlation between relative abundance and transcript sizes was observed. The relative abundance and density of microsatellites were highest in the transcripts of Fusarium solani when compared with F. graminearum, F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum. The maximum frequency of SSRs among all four sequence sets was of trinucleotide repeats (67.8%), whereas the dinucleotide repeat represents <1%. Among all classes of repeats, 36.5% motifs were found conserved within Fusarium species. In order to study polymorphism within Fusarium isolates, 11 polymorphic genic-SSR markers were developed. Of the 11 markers, 5 were from F. oxysporum and remaining 6 belongs to F. solani. SSR markers from F. oxysporum were found to be more polymorphic (38%) as compared to F. solani (26%). Eleven polymorphic markers obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the utility of newly developed SSR markers in establishing genetic relationships among different isolates of Fusarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]