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A new equation of state (NEOS) for Halides has been developed using the theory of lattice potential and the concept of volume dependence of the short-range force constant. The derivation of this equation of state involved the use of the third-order approximation of the lattice potential. A comparative analysis was conducted between the isothermal equations of state, including Vinet EOS, Murnaghan EOS, Holzapfel EOS, Born-Mie EOS, Birch-Murnaghan EOS, and the newly derived NEOS. The NEOS was used to analyze the compression behavior of Halides, and it was found that Vinet EOS and NEOS agreed with the experimental data for Halides up to high compression. However, Murnaghan EOS, Born-Mie EOS, Holzapfel EOS, and Birch-Murnaghan EOS are usually less sensitive to calculating pressure at high compression. It was also observed that for some Halides, such as NaBr and NaI, Vinet EOS could not produce results consistent with experimental findings. In contrast, NEOS consistently produced results that matched the experimental findings for all Halides samples, unequivocally demonstrating its reliability and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manipulation of spin textures by spin currents is of fundamental and technological interest. A particularly interesting system is the 2D van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2, in which Néel-type skyrmions have recently been observed. The origin of these chiral spin textures is of considerable interest. Recently, it was proposed that these derive from defects in the structure that lower the symmetry and allow for a bulk vector Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction. Here, we demonstrate current-induced domain wall motion in Fe3GeTe2 flakes, in which the maximum domain wall velocity is an order of magnitude higher than those reported in previous studies. In heterostructures with Pt or W layers on top of the Fe3GeTe2 flakes, domain walls can be moved via a combination of spin transfer and spin-orbit torques. The competition between these torques leads to a change in the direction of domain wall motion with increasing magnitude of the injected current. In this work, the researchers realize the current-induced motion of Néel type chiral domain walls via spin-transfer-torque in the pristine van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 and via spin-orbit-torques in heterostructures with platinum or tungsten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic heart disease is among the primary causes of cardiovascular-related deaths worldwide. Conventional treatments including surgical interventions and medical therapies aid in preventing further damage to heart muscle but are unable to provide a permanent solution. In recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as an attractive alternative to restore damaged myocardium after myocardial injury. Allogeneic (donor-derived) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in preclinical and clinical studies, making them the most widely accepted candidates for cardiac cell therapy. MSCs promote cardiac repair by modulating host immune system and secreting various soluble factors, of which prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important one. PGE2 plays a significant role in regulating cardiac remodeling following myocardial injury. In this review, we provide an overview of allogeneic MSCs as candidates for myocardial regeneration with a focus on the role of the PGE2/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) pathway in mediating these effects. Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, COX2, PGE2, cardiac ischemia, immunoprivilege, cell therapy. La maladie cardiaque ischemique est parmi les principales causes de deces liees au systeme cardiovasculaire a l'echelle mondiale. Les traitements classiques, y compris les interventions chirurgicales et les traitements medicaux, contribuent a la prevention de plus de dommages au muscle cardiaque, mais ne sont pas en mesure de fournir une solution definitive. Au cours des dernieres annees, le traitement par les cellules souches s'est revele constituer un autre choix attrayant pour le retablissement du myocarde endommage a la suite de lesions myocardiques. Les cellules souches mesenchymateuses (CSM) allogeniques (issues de donneurs) se sont revelees tres prometteuses dans les etudes precliniques et cliniques, ce qui en a fait les candidates les plus largement acceptees pour la therapie cellulaire cardiaque. Les CSM favorisent la reparation du creur par l'intermediaire de la modulation du systeme immunitaire de l'hote et la secretion de divers facteurs solubles, dont la PGE2 est l'une des plus importantes. La PGE2 joue un role important dans la regulation du remodelage du creur a la suite de lesions cardiaques. Dans cet article de synthese, nous of frons un aperqu des CSM allogeniques en tant que candidates pour la regenerescence du myocarde, avec une attention particuliere sur le role de la voie de signalisation PGE2/COX2 dans la mediation de ces effets. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: cellules souches mesenchymateuses, COX2, PGE2, ischemie cardiaque, immunoprivilege, therapie cellulaire., Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths around the globe, consuming nearly 17.9 million lives annually (World Health Organization 2017). In Canada alone, these deaths account for almost [...]

Background: All women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) require optimal care. With western Uttarakhand alone recording a HIP prevalence of 9.7%, the successful implementation of HIP guidelines pan-India at primary healthcare level becomes paramount. Aim and objective: The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the baseline awareness of medical undergraduates regarding HIP management protocols assuming higher their knowledge better the successful implementation of these guidelines within the community. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out among 309 medical undergraduates at a private teaching institute in Uttarakhand. Data was collected using a selfadministered, pre-tested questionnaire. Based on individual knowledge scores, participants were subdivided into: good (score≥24), moderate (score 12-24), and poor (score<12) knowledge categories. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: Most subjects (92.2%) reported reading Indian textbooks on obstetrics; despite this, only 3.6% of subjects had good awareness of the protocols. Sub-domain analysis showed while 90.0% of respondents had a fair understanding of the disease basics, more than two-thirds lagged in recollecting its standard diagnostic and management protocols including the role of health workers. Conclusion: Most medical undergraduates have overall poor-to-moderate awareness of HIP management especially the diagnostic and management protocols including the role of health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition are major global health problems, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB complicating international efforts. The role of vitamin D in susceptibility to and as an adjunctive treatment for TB is being studied extensively, although no study has included MDR-TB patients in context to dietary profile with vitamin D levels and sunlight exposure. Objective: This study aimed to estimate vitamin D serum levels and examine their association with dietary intake of vitamin D and sun exposure in patients with MDR-TB. Methods: North Indian participants were enrolled in three groups: MDR-TB, drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (DS-PTB), and healthy controls. All consenting participants underwent the estimation of macro- and micronutrient intake and sunlight exposure using structured questionnaires. Serum biochemistry, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium levels, was measured, and the correlation between variables was determined. Results: 747 participants were enrolled. Significant differences among the three groups were found in mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, body mass index, macronutrient intake, dietary vitamin D and calcium content, and sun exposure index (SEI). All except sun exposure (SEI was highest in DS-PTB patients) were found to follow the trend: MDR-TB < DS-PTB < healthy controls. The mean serum vitamin D levels of all groups were deficient and correlated positively with dietary intake and SEI. Conclusion: In this study's we found significant association of serum vitamin D concentrations, dietary intake and sunlight exposure in MDR-TB, DS-PTB patients and healthy controls. Dietary intake may be more important than sun exposure in determining serum levels. However, the significance of this finding is uncertain. Further studies are required to confirm the association, direction, and potential for vitamin D supplementation to treat or prevent MDR-TB infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Middle age is a link between adulthood and old age, which requires special attention. During middle age among females, changes like menopause occur, which is responsible for causing various physical, vasomotor, psychological, and social changes, which may affect overall well-being and positive mental health status. Hence, the present study has been planned to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged females. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study carried out in rural and urban areas of district Dehradun among 400 females. A stratified systematic random sampling technique method was used. All the females fulfilling the inclusion criteria and aged 40–60 years were included in the study. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms. Results: A total of 400 women were recruited in the study, 200 from rural and urban areas each. The mean age of the total study participants was 50.00 ± 0.32 years. Among 400 middle-aged women, 189 were premenopausal and 211 were postmenopausal. The frequencies of occurrence of menopausal symptoms were explored in 189 premenopausal and 211 postmenopausal women. The mean age of premenopausal women was 44.21 ± 2.35 and postmenopausal was 54.39 ± 4.21. Females experienced varying grades of MENQOL symptoms. Conclusions: It was found that majority of the females' quality of life were found to be affected with different grades of menopausal symptoms. With increasing age, symptoms also increase and are significantly high among postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background- Healthcare providers serve as the backbone of the healthcare delivery system, and motivating them is crucial for its enhancement, which is often a challenging task. Understanding the motivational factors that keep employees engaged is a pressing concern for leaders and senior personnel. Aims & Objectives: This study aimed to assess the motivation levels of healthcare personnel working in a tertiary healthcare institution in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It sought to explore the various factors influencing employee motivation in the healthcare sector. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involved 150 healthcare personnel, and data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and Microsoft Excel. Frequency percentages and mean standard deviations were used for categorical and continuous data, respectively. The Chi-Square test and Fischer Exact test were employed to assess relationships between categorical variables. Results: Among the study groups, technicians displayed the highest motivation levels, while doctors exhibited lower motivational indices. Across doctors, nurses, and technicians, "rewards" ranked as the top motivating factor. Health personnel identified monetary support, incentives, promotion, resource improvement, appreciation, feedback, communication, job security, training, teamwork, and effective management as significant motivational factors. Conclusion: Satisfied healthcare workers not only inspire their colleagues but also foster a positive work environment, enhancing the overall functioning of the institution. Employee motivation directly impacts the performance of healthcare organizations. Recognizing non-financial motivators, such as appreciation, teamwork, professional growth, and training, alongside financial incentives, is essential to maintaining a motivated and efficient healthcare workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel binuclear transition metal complexes was synthesized by reaction of a Schiff base ligand (1-Methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrimidin-4-ylimino)-propylideneamino-acetic acid) (LaH) derived from 4-amino-pyrimidine-2-one, diacetyl, glycine and corresponding chloride salt of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) metals in 1:1 (metal : ligand) molar ratio. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurement, magnetic moment measurement and various spectral studies viz. IR, UV-visible, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EPR and ESI-MS. Molar conductance measurement data revealed non-electrolytic nature of metal complexes. Electronic absorption spectral data, electronic paramagnetic resonance parameters and magnetic moment values revealed an octahedral geometry for binuclear metal complexes. Cyclic voltammetric study of Ni(II) complex shows a couple of one electron anodic responses near 0.70 V and 1.10 V. In vitro biological activity of Schiff base ligand and binuclear complexes has been checked against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis) to assess their antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Perturbations from thunderstorms can play a notable role in the dynamics of the ionosphere. In this work, ionospheric perturbation effects due to thunderstorms were extracted and studied. Thunderstorm-associated lightning activities and their locations were detected by the World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). The mechanical components of ionospheric perturbations due to thunderstorms were extracted from the total electron content (TEC), which was measured at selected thunderstorm locations using the polynomial filtering method. Further analyses were conducted using wavelet analysis and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to study the frequency modes and periodicities of TEC deviation. It was revealed that the highest magnitudes of TEC deviations could reach up to ~2.2 TECUs, with dominant modes of frequency in the range of ~0.2 mHz to ~1.2 mHz, falling within the gravity wave range and the second dominant mode in the acoustic range of >1 mHz to <7.5 mHz. Additionally, a 20–60 min time delay was observed between the sprite events, the other high-energy electrical discharges, and the time of occurrence at the highest peak of acoustic-gravity wave perturbations extracted from TEC deviations. The possible mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is further proposed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is an agricultural nation where 70% of the people depend on successful agriculture. However, as the population grows, farms are distributed among families; as a result, the average Indian farmer holds just two acres of land. The system addresses the innovative idea of the Joystick based system in all farming systems. By implementing this project, we can eliminate many difficulties in agriculture. The system runs on solar energy, which is the cleanest energy in the world. Cultivators are very popular these days. The most common machines are used to trim soft grass. As part of our project, Joystick based solar cultivator, seeding and watering system is developed for use and construction. It is placed in a suitable machine structure. The motor has 1000 rpm and is connected to the power source by a coil of wire. The engine revolutions increased with the help of the gears. The electric switch controlled motor makes it easy to use. The machine is controlled by a smartphone. The system is like a mobile robot with four wheels and a cultivator attached to the back of the robot. The seeding system is installed on the robot. The water pump and water tank are installed in the system and can be controlled wirelessly. These characteristics make the system ideal for farming. The aim of the project is to design and develop a complete system that can be used as a cultivator, seeding, irrigation system and mower. The system cultivates the field, sows the seeds and also has an irrigation system for the crops. The entire system is solar powered and controlled by a Joystick smartphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]