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Purpose – The objective of this study is to ascertain consumers' interest in purchasing electric vehicles by examining the correlation between the consumer purchase intention variable and the independent variables, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and price sensitivity as moderating factors. Methodology – The type of research carried out in this research is causal associative research with quantitative techniques. The population of this study are vehicle users using fuel oil in the JABODETABEK area and who do not yet own an electric vehicle. The sample in this study was 119 car users who use oil fuel. Data processing uses SmartPLS software to measure research data using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Findings – The study's findings indicate that although subjective norms have no bearing on customer purchase intention, attitude, perceived behavioural control, and price sensitivity do. The association between price sensitivity and subjective norms is also influenced, although it is unaffected by the relationship between attitude, perceived behavioural control, and consumer purchase intention. Originality/Novelty – This research model uses the price sensitivity variable as an intervening variable for consumer purchase intention for electric vehicles among oil-fueled vehicle users who have never used an electric car in the Jabodetabek area (Indonesia).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of ispring suite assisted number pattern learning media on the mathematics learning outcomes of class VIII students. This research is a quantitative research using experimental methods and using a pretest-posttest control group design. Sampling used the Random Sampling technique and the selected classes were class VIII-6 as the experimental class and class VIII-4 as the control class. The research instrument uses a learning achievement test in the form of a description/essay. Inferential analysis was performed using the anacova test. The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect on the use of iSpring Suite assisted number pattern learning media on students' mathematics learning outcomes

Abstract Dysregulated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a frequent or common event during advanced progression of multiple cancers. With this signaling activation, it enhances their tumorigenic growth and facilitates metastasis and therapy resistance. Advances show that this signaling pathway can play dual regulatory roles in the control of cellular processes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness in cancer progression. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is shown to be common in prostate cancer and also castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the transcriptional regulators of this pathway in prostate cancer are still not well characterized. NURR1 (NR4A2) is an orphan nuclear receptor and plays an important role in the development of dopaminergic neurons. Previously, we have shown that NURR1 exhibits an upregulation in isolated prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) and a xenograft model of CRPC. In this study, we further confirmed that NURR1 exhibited an upregulation in prostate cancer and also enhanced expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Functional and molecular analyses showed that NURR1 could act to promote both in vitro (cancer stemness and EMT) and also in vivo oncogenic growth of prostate cancer cells (metastasis and castration resistance) via its direct transactivation of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) and activation of β-catenin to mediate the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrated that NURR1 activity in prostate cancer cells could be modulated by small molecules, implicating that NURR1 could be a potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer management.

Abstract Background Vancomycin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic to treat gram-positive infections. The efficacy of vancomycin is known to be directly related to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) divided by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen. However, in most countries, steady-state plasma concentrations are used as a surrogate parameter of target AUC/MIC, but this practice has some drawbacks. Hence, direct AUC-guided monitoring of vancomycin using model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) tools has been proposed for earlier attainment of target concentrations and reducing vancomycin-related nephrotoxicity. However, solid scientific evidence for these benefits in clinical practice is still lacking. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to investigate the clinical utility of MIPD dosing of vancomycin administered via continuous infusion in hospitalized adults. Methods Participants from 11 wards at two Belgian hospitals are randomly allocated to the intervention group or the standard-of-care comparator group. In the intervention group, clinical pharmacists perform dose calculations using CE-labeled MIPD software and target an AUC24h of 400 to 600 mg × h/L, whereas patients in the comparator group receive standard-of-care dosing and monitoring according to the institutional guidelines. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients reaching the target AUC24h/MIC of 400–600 between 48 and 72 h after start of vancomycin treatment. Secondary endpoints are the proportion of patients with (worsening) acute kidney injury (AKI) during and until 48 h after stop of vancomycin treatment, the proportion of patients reaching target AUC24h/MIC of 400–600 between 72 and 96 h after start of vancomycin treatment, and the proportion of time within the target AUC24h/MIC of 400–600. Discussion This trial will clarify the propagated benefits and provide new insights into how to optimally monitor vancomycin treatment. Trial registration EudraCT number: 2021-003670-31. Registered June 28, 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05535075. Registered September 10, 2022. Protocol version 3, protocol date: April 21, 2023.

Three months after the first shipment of RTS,S1/AS01 vaccines, Cameroon started, on 22 January 2024, to roll out malaria vaccines in 42 districts among the most at risk for malaria. Cameroon adopted and implemented the World Health Organization (WHO) malaria vaccine readiness assessment tool to monitor the implementation of preintroduction activities at the district and national levels. One week before the start of the vaccine rollout, overall readiness was estimated at 89% at a national level with two out of the five components of readiness assessment surpassing 95% of performance (vaccine, cold chain and logistics and training) and three components between 80% and 95% (planning, monitoring and supervision, and advocacy, social mobilisation and communication). ‘Vaccine, cold chain and logistics’ was the component with the highest number of districts recording below 80% readiness. The South-West and North-West, two regions with a high level of insecurity, were the regions with the highest number of districts that recorded a readiness performance below 80% in the five components. To monitor progress in vaccine rollout daily, Cameroon piloted a system for capturing immunisation data by vaccination session coupled with an interactive dashboard using the R Shiny platform. In addition to displaying data on vaccine uptake, this dashboard allows the generation of the monthly immunisation report for all antigens, ensuring linkage to the regular immunisation data system based on the end-of-month reporting through District Health Information Software 2. Such a hybrid system complies with the malaria vaccine rollout principle of full integration into routine immunisation coupled with strengthened management of operations.

Basal Stem Rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma spp., is one of the most important emerging diseases of oil palm in Colombia and is so far restricted to only two producing areas in the country. However, despite the controls established to prevent its spread to new areas, containment has not been possible. This study aimed to understand BSR’s propagation mechanisms and related environmental conditions by measuring Ganoderma basidiospores’ concentrations at various heights using four 7-day Burkard volumetric samplers in a heavily affected plantation. Meteorological data, including solar radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed, were also recorded. Analysis revealed higher basidiospore concentrations below 4 m, peaking at 02:00 h, with increased levels towards the study’s end. Spore concentrations were not directly influenced by temperature, humidity, or precipitation, but showed higher releases during drier periods. A significant correlation was found between wind speed and spore concentration, particularly below 1.5 m/s, though higher speeds might aid long-distance pathogen spread. This study highlights the complexity of BSR propagation and the need for continued monitoring and research to manage its impact on Colombia’s oil palm industry.

This paper tells about the mental model of prospective scholars on the topic of temperature and heat. The purpose of this research is to improve students' mental model by using problem based learning (PBL) model. The number of samples in the study amounted to 72 students with two different classes. The results of the study showed that, (1) the improvement of mental model that studied with PBL was higher than that studied with conventional learning. (2) high-skilled student mental models that are learning with PBL are higher than those studied by conventional learning. (3) low-skilled student mental models that study with PBL are higher than students learning with conventional learning. The conclusion of this study is the improvement of students' mental models using PBL models on the topic of conductivity in water. Thus the PBL model can be recommended in improving students' mental models on temperature and heat topics. The implication in this research is to improve the students' mental model as the agent of science education change.

Abstract Tropical peatlands are globally significant in the terrestrial carbon cycle as they are comprised of a large forest carbon sink and a large peat carbon store—both of which can potentially be exchanged with the atmosphere on decadal time frames. Greenhouse gas emissions from fire-disturbance and development of tropical peatlands over the last few decades, and the potential for ongoing emissions, highlights the need for policy to slow or halt emissions and to activate mechanisms to sequester carbon through restoration of degraded peatlands. The UN REDD + scheme provides a means for developing countries to receive payments for avoided deforestation and forest degradation, but the steps to achieve REDD+ compliance are rigorous and the details required can be a barrier to activating benefits—especially for peatlands where repeated cycles of fire interrupt forest recovery and create a range of recovery classes. Therefore, to improve estimates of peat fire emissions and of carbon balance of tropical peatlands, the biomass and combustion factor parameters need to be developed and applied according to forest recovery stage. In this study we use published activity data from the extensive 1997 fires in the peatlands of Indonesian Borneo to detail a transparent and accountable way to estimate and report emissions from tropical peatland fires. This example for estimating and reporting emissions is provided to assist REDD+ countries to efficiently develop their capacity for improving emissions estimates from fire-impacted tropical peatlands.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek eko-enzim terhadap produksi telur, fertilitas, daya tetas ayam IPB-D1. Ayam yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebayak 96 ekor (72 betina dan 24 jantan). Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, tiap ulangan ada 4 ekor ayam (1 jantan, 3 betina). Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu: P1 = air minum tanpa eko-enzim (kontrol), P2 = 1 cc eko-enzim/L air minum / 3 hari, P3 = 2 cc eko-enzim/L air minum /3 hari, P4 = 3 cc eko-enzim/L air minum/ 3 hari. Jumlah telur yang digunakan untuk mengamati kualitas telur yaitu sebanyak 72 butir, 6 butir tiap perlakuan, dan 3 ulangan. Hasil analisis statistik berpengaruh nyata (P

The fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong (2022) had brought a series of chaos to society. Nevertheless, its Asian neighbours, namely Singapore and Macao, have avoided such chaos. By investigating the well-rounded preventive measures and social environment in Singapore and Macao, this article highlights the Hong Kong government’s “idleness”. It reveals that the relationship between a government and its people does play a significant role in operating COVID-19 measures, which could directly prevent a large-scale outbreak.

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in mild to severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. Aim To explore in-hospital antibiotic use in severe acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), to analyze determinants of in-hospital antibiotic use, and to investigate its association with hospital length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted in Ghent University Hospital. Severe AECOPD were defined as hospitalizations for AECOPD (ICD-10 J44.0 and J44.1) discharged between 2016 and 2021. Patients with a concomitant diagnosis of pneumonia or ‘pure’ asthma were excluded. An alluvial plot was used to describe antibiotic treatment patterns. Logistic regression analyses identified determinants of in-hospital antibiotic use. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to compare time to discharge alive and time to in-hospital death between antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated AECOPD patients. Results In total, 431 AECOPD patients (mean age 70 years, 63% males) were included. More than two-thirds (68%) of patients were treated with antibiotics, mainly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. In multivariable analysis, several patient-related variables (age, body mass index (BMI), cancer), treatment-related variables (maintenance azithromycin, theophylline), clinical variables (sputum volume and body temperature) and laboratory results (C-reactive protein (CRP) levels) were associated with in-hospital antibiotic use independent of sputum purulence, neutrophil counts, inhaled corticosteroids and intensive care unit of which CRP level was the strongest determinant. The median hospital LOS was significantly longer in antibiotic-treated patients (6 days [4–10]) compared to non-antibiotic-treated patients (4 days [2–7]) (p

Stabilisasi tanah adalah suatu proses untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat tanah dengan menambahkan bahan aditif agar dapat menaikkan kekuatan tanah. Tanah lempung adalah jenis tanah yang memiliki nilai daya dukung yang kecil sehingga diperlukan upaya stabilisasi agar dapat meningkatkan nilai daya dukungnya. Wilayah Indonesia cenderung mempunyai tanah jenis lempung contohnya seperti daerah Universitas Musamus, Rimba Jaya, Kabupaten Merauke, Provinsi Papua Selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan semen + tailing terhadap nilai kuat tekan bebas. Di dalam penelitian ini, proses stabilisasi yaitu mencampur tanah asli dengan semen + tailing dalam berbagai variasi yaitu 8% semen + 5% tailing, 8% semen + 10% tailing, dan 8% semen + 15% tailing. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sampel tanah dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai tanah lempung dengan plastisitas tinggi yaitu A-6 menurut AASHTO. Penambahan semen dan tailing mempengaruhi nilai kuat tekan bebas, tanah asli memiliki nilai kuat tekan 9.62 kg/ setelah distabilisasi dengan kadar 8% semen dan tailing dengan variasi kadar 5%, 10% dan 15% nilai UCS yang didapatkan adalah 21.73 kg/ , 24.95 kg/ , dan 26.19 kg/ . Selain itu, hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan semen dan tailing dengan variasi persentase dapat meningkatkan nilai CBR soaked menjadi 10.71% dengan persentase optimum pada kadar fly ash 15%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semen dan tailing mampu menaikkan daya dukung tanah lempung. Soil stabilization is a process to improve soil properties by adding additives to increase soil strength. Clay soil is a type of soil that has a small bearing capacity, therefore stabilization is needed to increase its bearing capacity value. The majority of Indonesia's territory tends to have clay soil type, for example, around Muramus University, Rimba Jaya, Merauke, South Papua. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of the soil and to ensure the effectiveness of the addition of cement and tailing on the value of unconfined compressive strength. In this research, the stabilization process involved mixing original soil with cement + tailing in any variations, which is 8% cement + 5% tailing ash, 8% cement + 10% tailing, and 8% cement + 15% tailing. The soil sample can be classified as clay with high plasticity, namely A-6 according to AASHTO. The addition of cement + tailing affects the value of unconfined compressive strength, the original soil has a compressive strength value of 9.62 kg/cm2 after stabilization with 8% cement and tailing with varying levels of 5%, 10% and 15% UCS values ​​obtained are 21.73 kg/ , 24.95 kg/ , dan 26.19 kg/ . In addition, the results shows that the addition of cement and tailing with varying percentages can increase the soaked CBR value to 10.71% with the optimum percentage at 15% tailing composition.

This study aims to provide an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural sector, map the distribution of greenhouse gas emissions, and formulate effective mitigation strategies in Minahasa District. Primary data on rice field types, land processing systems, and fertilizer doses were obtained from the respondents. The method is the interview, and the instrument is the questionnaire. Secondary data is in the form of planting area and emission factor data. Data processing uses the Tier-1 method to obtain the amount of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. Spatial mapping of greenhouse gas emissions is done with the help of ArcMap. After that, the greenhouse gas mitigation strategy was formulated. Total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions: 3,578,093.27 t CO2-eq/y, consists of emissions CH4: 71,711.87 t CO2-eq/y; CO2 Fertilizer: 1,828,235.40 t/y; N20 Land Managed: 1,665,299.66 t CO2-eq/y; and emission N2O Indirect: 12,846.33 t CO2-eq/y. The largest gas emissions are CO2 (51.10 %) and N2O Land Managed (46.54 %). The largest GHG-contributing is West Langowan District (285,165.25 t CO2-eq/y). Various adaptation efforts are to adjust planting time and patterns and reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers. In contrast, mitigation efforts are implementing organic farming, regulating intermittent irrigation systems (dry and wet), using low-emission rice varieties, and utilizing soil improvement materials such as biochar.

For successful plant breeding in any crop species, the importance of diversity in the available germplasm population is known and established. Thirty-two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes from the IRAD gene bank in Cameroon were evaluated for divergence in terms of their morpho-agronomic traits, fungal disease resistance, and bacterial disease resistance to assess the opportunity for genetic improvement of the crop. The trait associations were estimated using correlation coefficients and genotypes were classified into groups using cluster and principal component analyses. Seven qualitative and 16 quantitative traits comprising growth, phenological, yield, and disease variables were evaluated in this study. The qualitative markers revealed the degree of polymorphism among the 32 common bean genotypes. The number of phenotypic classes per character (Na) ranged from 2 to 18, with an average of 5.14. The expected gene diversity (He) ranged from 0.37 to 0.93 (mean = 0.56). The number of effective phenotypic classes (Ne) ranged from 1.82 to 14.22, with a mean of 3.85. An extensive range of variation was evident for the majority of traits, highlighting their utility for characterizing common bean germplasm. Many qualitative traits, including seed coat color, seed shape, and seed size, and also some quantitative traits of economic importance including seed yield, were found to be highly variable within the collection, with the MAC55 genotype displaying the highest yield (32.65 g per plant). Four genotypes, namely MAC55, BOA-5-1M6, FEB 192, and Banguem showed resistance to the two main common bean diseases, angular leaf spot and common blight. We detected highly significant correlations among several traits related to yield. A high broad-sense heritability was found for most of the quantitative traits. We carried out two-dimensional principal component analysis and used hierarchical clustering to group the analyzed germplasm according to their phenotypic similitudes. The evidence of agro-morphological diversity in the present collection and the identification of discriminant characters between the available germplasm through the use of PCA analysis have significant implications for establishing breeding schemes in common bean.

Ammoniacal thiosulfate has been used lately as an alternative lixiviant for leaching gold from sulfides ores which are not amenable for cyanidation. However, the oxidation of the sulfide minerals generates products that inhibit the dissolution of gold and can promote the degradation of the leaching solution. The complexity of the ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching system has prevented the unification and clarification of the mechanisms of oxidation of sulfide ores used for gold extraction.In this study, a method combining polarization curves, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and in situ Raman spectroscopy was implemented to investigate the oxidation process of high-purity pyrite. Pyrite samples were dispersed in carbon paste electrode (CPE-Py). The polarization curves of CPE-Py exhibited an increase in current values for overpotentials greater than 0.1 V, indicating the initiation of mineral oxidation processes. Subsequently, a maximum current was observed initially, followed by subsequent decrease, indicating the occurrence of passivation processes on the electrode surface. Hydrodynamic polarization curves demonstrated that the overpotential at which the passivation process occurs is independent of mass transport, suggesting that the passivation products were formed through solid-state transformation.Impedance spectra revealed that at overpotentials below 0.1 V, a partially resolved capacitive semicircle was observed, which was associated with the resistance encountered when charge was transferred between the solution and the surface layer interface. This resistance decreased as the polarization overpotential increased, implying a decrease in charge transfer kinetics. At higher overpotentials (0.3 V–0.4 V), a second capacitive semicircle appeared, linked to the oxidation of one or several species present in the mineral.In situ Raman spectroscopy was utilized to identify the oxidation species of pyrite in ammonia-thiosulfate ((NH4)2S2O3) leaching solution at a pH = 10.2. The composition of the species varied depending on the applied anodic potential. At low anodic potentials (0.1 V), Fe(OH)2 and thiosulfate (S2O32−) were formed, while at high anodic potentials (0.4 V), iron products such as Fe3O4 and γ-FeOOH, as well as sulfide species including thiosulfate, tetrathionates and sulfates (S2O32−, S4O6−2 and SO42−) were formed.

The development of science and technology has positively impacted human life, which has now reached the age of electric voice commands. An intelligent home management system allows humans to operate their house's electrical gadgets, such as lighting, using simple voice commands, eliminating the need to move around to switch on or off equipment. When users of indoor lighting use sound waves to operate the system or turn on the lights, the sound sensor sends an input signal to the microcontroller, which is then processed with the microcontroller's output in the form of a voltage to turn on the load. The system will function when the FC-04 sound sensor receives sound input (sound code). The FC-04 sound sensor can only provide a digital output signal with a value of 1 and 0 in the form of a clap, which is then accumulated on Arduino with a value above 400 million by the program uploaded to be used as a 5-volt output to turn on/off the lights. This is because when turning on the lights from a certain distance, several factors can affect it, including setting the sound sensor's sensitivity and noise levels in the surrounding area.

The temperature of the Indonesian Low-Speed Tunnel (ILST) wind tunnel test section was measured using a Pt100-type Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) sensor. With the upgrade of the Indonesian Low-Speed Tunnel - Data Acquisition and Reduction System (ILST-DARS) using Ethernet communication, an integrated RTD linearization circuit was designed with the Conditioning Unit (CU) Mk3 to replace the Newport 267B 16-bit parallel and DAS-Hub as the current RTD interface. In this research, the design of the signal conditioner uses the RTD_Linearization_v7.xls program from Texas Instruments, the LTspice simulator software, and the AMP01E precision instrumentation amplifier. Based on the calibration results in the range of 20 – 50 0C, this signal conditioner has an average deviation value of 0.38 0C (1.31%). In the wind tunnel speed variation testing with a range of 30 – 65 m/s, the RTD signal conditioner had an average deviation of 0.41 K (0.14%). The Repeatability Test procedure was carried out at a wind speed of 65 m/s with an angle of attack for the test model from -90 to 200 and data were collected 10 times at each angle. The average deviation of temperature against variations in the angle of attack of the test model in this procedure is 0.25 K (0.08%) and the average deviation of wind speed against variations in the angle of attack of the test model is 0.03 m/s (0.04%).

Uncaria guianensis (Aublet) J.F. Gmel y U. tomentosa (Willd. Ex Roemer & Schultes) DC., ambas especies conocidas popularmente como uña de gato, son reconocidas por su uso en la medicina tradicional y por su potencial comercial en la industria farmacéutica. El creciente interés por la comercialización especialmente de U. tomentosa ha llevado a una extracción intensiva principalmente en bosques primarios sin tener en cuenta aspectos de sustentabilidad. A pesar de su importancia en el mercado internacional, son pocas las experiencias que se conocen sobre el manejo agroecológico de estas especies, y en países como Perú y Costa Rica se ha investigado exclusivamente U. tomentosa. A través del análisis participativo del manejo agroecológico de la uña de gato, se encontró que las comunidades tikuna conocen las características morfológicas de las especies, las zonas de crecimiento, la regeneración natural, el control de malezas y los métodos de extracción de la corteza. No obstante, tienen deficiencias técnicas para la implementación de prácticas como el inventario de las especies, la multiplicación del material vegetal, las asociaciones agroforestales y el procesamiento de la corteza. La estructuración de la red de valores permitió identificar tanto los actores sociales como las actividades requeridas para llevar a cabo las iniciativas productivas, las cuales se pueden integrar a las actividades turísticas y artesanales, propias de estas comunidades. Se espera que este estudio aporte información adicional que conduzca al aprovechamiento de las especies de Uncaria, así como a la autonomía y manejo sustentable de las poblaciones indígenas amazónicas.

Abstract Background Current diagnosis tools for prostate cancer (PCa) such as serum PSA detection and prostate biopsy cannot distinguish dormant tumors from invasive malignancies, either be used as prognosis marker for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the lethal stage of PCa patients. Exosomes have been widely investigated as promising biomarkers for various diseases. We aim to characterize the proteomic and metabolomic profile of exosomes and to evaluate their potential value for the diagnosis of PCa, especially CRPC. We also investigate the functions of some specific exosome biomarkers in the progression of CRPC. Methods Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis were performed for plasma-derived exosomes collected from tumor-free controls (TFC), PCa and CRPC patients. Expression of specific exosomal proteins were further validated by targeted 4D-parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry among the three cohorts. Tissue distribution and functional role of exosomal protein LRG1 was studied in clinical PCa tissue samples and cell line models. Results Three potential exosomal protein markers were identified. The apolipoprotein E level in PCa samples was 1.7-fold higher than that in TFC (receiver operating characteristic value, 0.74). Similarly, the levels of exosome-derived leucine-rich alpha2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 (ITIH3) in the CRPC group were 1.7 and 2.04 times, respectively, higher than those in the PCa group (ROC values, 0.84 and 0.85, respectively), indicating that LRG1 and ITIH3 could serve as predictive markers for CRPC. For metabolomic evaluation of exosomes, a series of differentially expressed metabolites were identified, and a combined metabolite panel showed ROC value of 0.94 for distinguishing PCa from TFC and 0.97 for distinguishing CRPC from PCa. Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray showed that LRG1 protein was significantly upregulated in advanced prostate cancer and functional assay revealed that ectopic expression of LRG1 can significantly enhance the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells. More importantly, PCa cell derived LRG1-overexpressed exosomes remarkably promoted angiogenesis. Conclusion Integration of proteomics and metabolomics data generated proteomic and metabolic signatures of plasma exosomes that may facilitate discrimination of CRPC from PCa and TFC patients, suggesting the potential of exosomal proteins and metabolites as CRPC markers. The study also confirmed the important role of exosomal protein LRG1 in PCa malignant progression.

Cameroon introduced the malaria vaccine in its routine immunization program on 22 January 2024 in the 42 districts out of 200 that are among the most at risk of malaria. A cross-sectional analysis of the data on key vaccine events in the introduction roadmap and the vaccine uptake during the first 30 days was conducted. In addition to available gray literature related to the introduction of the malaria vaccine, data on the malaria vaccine uptake by vaccination session, collected through a digital platform, were analyzed. A total of 1893 reports were received from 22 January 2024 to 21 February 2024 from 766 health facilities (84% of overall completeness). Two regions out of ten recorded less than 80% completeness. As of 21 February 2024, 13,811 children had received the first dose of the malaria vaccine, including 7124 girls (51.6%) and 6687 boys (48.4%). In total, 36% of the children were vaccinated through outreach sessions, while 61.5% were vaccinated through sessions in fixed posts. The overall monthly immunization coverage with the first dose was 37%. Early results have shown positive attitudes towards and acceptance of malaria vaccines. Suboptimal completeness of data reporting and a low coverage highlight persistent gaps and challenges in the vaccine rollout.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran matematika di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bonepantai. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh model Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran matematika di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bonepantai. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bonepantai. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan Teknik simple random sampling dan diperoleh kelas VIII’3 sebagai kelas yang di belajarkan dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (kelas eksperimen) yang terdiri dari 23 siswa dan kelas VIII’2 sebagai kelas yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model Pembelajaran Langsung (kelas kontrol) yang terdiri dari 24 siswa. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu pretest-posttest control group design dan Teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu pemberian tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang berbentuk essay. Analisis inferensial dalam penelitian ini adalah Uji Anakova. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwasanya terdapat pengaruh model Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, dimana kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model Problem Based Learning lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran langsung pada materi peluang di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bonepantai.