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11. Author Correction: The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx

Author

Frankell, Alexander M., Dietzen, Michelle, Al Bakir, Maise, Lim, Emilia L., Karasaki, Takahiro, Ward, Sophia, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Colliver, Emma, Huebner, Ariana, Bunkum, Abigail, Hill, Mark S., Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Moore, David A., Black, James R. M., Liu, Wing Kin, Thol, Kerstin, Pich, Oriol, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Cook, Daniel E., Salgado, Roberto, Wilson, Gareth A., Bailey, Chris, Angelova, Mihaela, Bentham, Robert, Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Abbosh, Christopher, Nicholson, Andrew G., Le Quesne, John, Biswas, Dhruva, Rosenthal, Rachel, Puttick, Clare, Hessey, Sonya, Lee, Claudia, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Smith, Jon, Xing, Wei, Nicod, Jerome, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M., Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Blyth, Kevin G., Fennell, Dean A., Forster, Martin D., Lee, Siow Ming, Falzon, Mary, Hewish, Madeleine, Shackcloth, Michael J., Lim, Eric, Benafif, Sarah, Russell, Peter, Boleti, Ekaterini, Krebs, Matthew G., Lester, Jason F., Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Ahmad, Tanya, Thakrar, Ricky M., Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Janes, Sam M., Dive, Caroline, Blackhall, Fiona H., Summers, Yvonne, Cave, Judith, Marafioti, Teresa, Herrero, Javier, Quezada, Sergio A., Peggs, Karl S., Schwarz, Roland F., Van Loo, Peter, Miedema, Daniël M., Birkbak, Nicolai J., Hiley, Crispin T., Hackshaw, Allan, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2024
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14. The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx

Author

Frankell, Alexander M., Dietzen, Michelle, Al Bakir, Maise, Lim, Emilia L., Karasaki, Takahiro, Ward, Sophia, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Colliver, Emma, Huebner, Ariana, Bunkum, Abigail, Hill, Mark S., Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Moore, David A., Black, James R. M., Liu, Wing Kin, Thol, Kerstin, Pich, Oriol, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Cook, Daniel E., Salgado, Roberto, Wilson, Gareth A., Bailey, Chris, Angelova, Mihaela, Bentham, Robert, Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Abbosh, Christopher, Nicholson, Andrew G., Le Quesne, John, Biswas, Dhruva, Rosenthal, Rachel, Puttick, Clare, Hessey, Sonya, Lee, Claudia, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Smith, Jon, Xing, Wei, Nicod, Jerome, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M., Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Blyth, Kevin G., Fennell, Dean A., Forster, Martin D., Lee, Siow Ming, Falzon, Mary, Hewish, Madeleine, Shackcloth, Michael J., Lim, Eric, Benafif, Sarah, Russell, Peter, Boleti, Ekaterini, Krebs, Matthew G., Lester, Jason F., Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Ahmad, Tanya, Thakrar, Ricky M., Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Janes, Sam M., Dive, Caroline, Blackhall, Fiona H., Summers, Yvonne, Cave, Judith, Marafioti, Teresa, Herrero, Javier, Quezada, Sergio A., Peggs, Karl S., Schwarz, Roland F., Van Loo, Peter, Miedema, Daniël M., Birkbak, Nicolai J., Hiley, Crispin T., Hackshaw, Allan, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2023
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19. Rehabilitation versus surgical reconstruction for non-acute anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL SNNAP): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

Author

Emsley, Richard, Peat, George, Snow, Martyn, Campbell, Marion, Howell, Tessa, Johnson, Hilary, McDonnell, Stephen, Pinkney, Thomas, Williams, Mark, Campbell, Helen, Davies, Jackie, Li, Jiyang, Bagg, Christina, Haywood, Laura, Nicholson, Anne, Riches, Joanne, Symons, Sean, Vertue, Mark, Al Mouazzen, Louay, Bray, Rachel, Clark, Damian, Coulthard, James, Holland, Tim, Howells, Nick, Jones, Andrew, Kapur, Richard, Kiszely, Alastair, Krishnan, Harry, MacDonald-Taylor, Karen, Manara, Jon, Murray, James, Negrut, Corina, Pai, Vishai, Porteous, Andrew, Putnis, Sven, Robinson, James, Rupasinghe, Shav, Selvaratnam, Veenesh, Smith, James, Smith, Nick, Stevens, Jarrad, Taylor, Clare, Theodorides, Anthony, Vetharajan, Niraj, Vint, Helen, Young, Lucy, Bullock, Susan, Cook, Rebecca, Dodds, Alexander, Freeman-Hicks, Amanda, Hillout, Paula, Cornell, Thomas, Coutts, Abbie, Dean, Suzy, Devooght-Johnson, Nicki, Ferrell, Emma, Fletcher, Eve, Hall, Chrissie, Kent, Benjamin, Kessly, Sandra, Kincaid, Robin, Lazizi, Mohamed, Mostafa, Ahmed, Nisbett, Toby, Powell, Tim, Riddlestone, Peter, Roberton, Andrew, Summers, Jessica, Whitbread, Lucy, Wroath, Belinda, Fenlon, Emma, Hall, Andrew, Jeffrey, Helen, Thonse, Raghuram, Dunne, Debra, Metcalfe, Andy, McGowan, Kerri, Middleton, Simon, Shah, Feisal, Spalding, Tim, Marie Suddens, Charlie, Sweed, Tamar, Teuke, Joanna, Thompson, Peter, Wright, David, Amero, Justine, Brown, Emma, Chissell, Hugh, Croucher, Andrea, Dickinson, Gareth, Hawkes-Blackburn, Catherine, Peacocke, Alice, Smith, Graham, Snipe, Carol, Dearnley, Kim, Mayahi, Reza, Andrews, Barry, Barcelona, Massimo, Giles, Hazel, Gokturk, Abdulkerim, Harnett, Paul, Jeeves, Katie, Kadunyi, Joyce, Mendoza, Sheena, Reichert, Ines, Santamaria, Marta, Virdee, Harshinder, Anand, Sanjeev, Aslam-Pervez, Nayef, Draycott, Stephen, Howarth, Faye, Jina, Irfan, Maher, Niall, Ross, Denise, Worstenholme, Lindsey, Baig, Abdul, Bhaskaran, Arun, Banks, Daniel, Brear, Tracy, Christie, Carla, Cowen, Laura, Davis, Jack, Dixey, Ross, Esler, Colin, Essop-Adam, Amirah, Haines, Christina, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Varachia, Husein, Wood, Richard, Gray, Glaxy, Nichols, Jessica, Panes, Alice, Partridge, Susan, Rogerson, Lawrie, Sharma, Pankaj, Triggs, David, Venables, Ian, Wilcock, Danielle, Buckley, Sarah, Darian, Thelma, Denis, Elizabeth, Duncan, Jo, Hirst, Charlotte, Newman, James, Richardson, Fern, Smith, Jon, Adcode, Megan, Cottingham, Megan, Foster, Eliza, Kelly, Andrew, McKay, Niamh, Rewbury, Jane, Whitcher, Alison, Williams, James, Zebracki, Esther, Davies, Llinos, Jayachandran, Jayadeep, Tardivel, Alison, Whitehead, Victoria, Batting, Martha, Bond, Amy, Deakin, Marc, Dodd, Christopher, Hudak, Alison, Hynes, Samantha, Jones, Luke, Lang, Gail, McKenna, David, Morris, Susan, Scott-Dempster, Clare, Sykes, Adam, Vichos, Iason, Wood, Simon, Clifton, Rupert, Diaz, Stephanie, Hendy, Craig, Modi, Nishil, O'Mahony, Brendan, O'Sullivan, Susan, Parker, Nicola, Pecheva, Mira, Rumonovic, Rowan, McLoughlin, Emma, Rushbrook, Jeremy, Thornhill, Anna, Parkinson, Valerie, Sales, Rafael, Van De Snepscheut-Jones, Katja, Wilcock, David, Wright, Daniel, Allison, Joanna, Baker, Simon, Beesley, Kate, Ferrari, Gill, Lankester, Benedict, Lewis, Alison, Lyons, Joanne, O'Callaghan, Jamie, Sutcliffe, Sarah, Wood, Dianne, Bannister, Emily, Brown, Chloe, Burden, Debbie, Campbell, Terence, Craig, Emma, Easow, Rashmi, Foxton, Julie, Hazlerigg, Alexandra, Jayabev, Chethan, Murdoch, Rosie, Parsons, Georgie, Brown, Harry, Carvelli, Paula, Montaser, Rugaia, Pepper, Ali, Sivarajan, Sinduja, Templeton-Ward, Oliver, Wilson, Eva, Cronin, Julie, Diment, Sarah, King, Victoria, Shean, Katharine, Vachtsevanos, Leonidas, Wilcocks, Katharine, Wilson, Ben, McNestry, Paul, Ollerenshaw, Joanna, Stoddard, James, Sutton, Paul, Anand, Sanjay, Bell, Judith, Chikate, Albert, Daniel, Diane, Davies, Timothy, Finnigan, Tom, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Hopkins, Susan, Kerrison, Sharon, McGowan, Angela, Sands Johnson, David, Smith, Lara, Turner, Philip, Wilkinson, Helen, Allsop, Lynne, Anthony, Deborah, Boulton, Rebecca, Brown, Sarah, Desai, Vikram, Gill, Mandy, Heeley, Cheryl, Kulkarni, Sushrut, Lovegrove, Wayne, Nash, Dominic, Ann Sewell, Terri, Shelton, Sarah, Slack, Katie, Cartwright, James, Connor, Lynda, Davies, Andrew, Davies, Caroline, Gainard, Glyn, Graham-Woollard, Dave, Murphy, Carl, Quinn, Leanne, Thomas, Caradog, Travers, Jenny, Williams, Marie, Bell, Amanda, Deo, Sunny, Francis, Katharine, Jackson, Tracy, McCafferty, Laura, Navadgi, Basalingappa, Plank, Karan, Satish, Venkat, Thelwall, Claire, Knight, Rachel, Patel, Rahul, Paton, Bruce, Acharya, Ashutosh, Aland, Utuman, Areirobulos, Miltiades, de Feyter, Pascal, Ditchfield, Lisa, Iqbaz, Hafiz, Massey, Daniel, Stables, Gareth, Appleby, Sarah, Brown, Michael, Cable, Sarah, Damen, Alexander, Da Rocha, Joana, Foster, Louise, Hamilton, Elizabeth, Hatton, Catriona, Honeywell, Cassie, Kulkarni, Kunal, Markham, Lucy, Mohammed, Haadiya, O'Grady, John, Joshi, Yogesh, Mclintock, Heather, Morgan, Tania, Stockport, Jane, Agrawal, Pranshu, Armstrong, Jo, Briggs, Shannon, Coupe, Ben, Evans, Anne, Gilbert, Rob, Latham, Sandra, Mohammed, Aslam, Beard, David J, Davies, Loretta, Cook, Jonathan A, Stokes, Jamie, Leal, Jose, Fletcher, Heidi, Abram, Simon, Chegwin, Katie, Greshon, Akiko, Jackson, William, Bottomley, Nicholas, Dodd, Matt, Bourke, Henry, Shirkey, Beverly A, Paez, Arsenio, Lamb, Sarah E, Barker, Karen, Phillips, Michael, Brown, Mark, Lythe, Vanessa, Mirza, Burhan, Carr, Andrew, Monk, Paul, Morgado Areia, Carlos, O'Leary, Sean, Haddad, Fares, Wilson, Chris, and Price, Andrew

Published
2022
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20. Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine formulations in healthy adults: interim results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1–2, dose-ranging study

Author

Goepfert, Paul A, Fu, Bo, Chabanon, Anne-Laure, Bonaparte, Matthew I, Davis, Matthew G, Essink, Brandon J, Frank, Ian, Haney, Owen, Janosczyk, Helene, Keefer, Michael C, Koutsoukos, Marguerite, Kimmel, Murray A, Masotti, Roger, Savarino, Stephen J, Schuerman, Lode, Schwartz, Howard, Sher, Lawrence D, Smith, Jon, Tavares-Da-Silva, Fernanda, Gurunathan, Sanjay, DiazGranados, Carlos A, and de Bruyn, Guy

Published
2021
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23. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced oral cavity cancer.

Author

Yaniv, Dan, Seiwert, Tanguy Y., Margalit, Danielle N., Williams, Michelle D., Barbon, Carly E. A., Largo, Rene D., Smith, Jon A., and Gross, Neil D.

Subjects
HEAD & neck cancer diagnosis, THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents, HEAD & neck cancer treatment, SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma, HEAD & neck cancer, COMPUTED tomography, GLOSSECTOMY, TREATMENT effectiveness, ADJUVANT chemotherapy, COMBINED modality therapy, TONGUE tumors, PLASTIC surgery, SPEECH therapy
Abstract

This article presents a case study of a 51-year-old Caucasian male with advanced oral cavity cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation therapy. The treatment was successful, resulting in tumor regression and improved pain and eating. The article also discusses the importance of surgical factors and the conflicting results regarding the impact of neoadjuvant therapy on outcomes. Perspectives from plastic surgery, pathology, radiation oncology, speech pathology, and a patient's experience are provided. The document concludes by discussing future directions, including the potential use of immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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29. A replication-competent adenovirus-vectored influenza vaccine induces durable systemic and mucosal immunity

Author

Matsuda, Kenta, Migueles, Stephen A., Huang, Jinghe, Bolkhovitinov, Lyuba, Stuccio, Sarah, Griesman, Trevor, Pullano, Alyssa A., Kang, Byong H., Ishida, Elise, Zimmerman, Matthew, Kashyap, Neena, Martins, Kelly M., Stadlbauer, Daniel, Pederson, Jessica, Patamawenu, Andy, Wright, Nathaniel, Shofner, Tulley, Evans, Sean, Liang, C. Jason, Candia, Julian, Biancotto, Angelique, Fantoni, Giovanna, Poole, April, Smith, Jon, Alexander, Jeff, Gurwith, Marc, Krammer, Florian, and Connors, Mark

Subjects
Immune response -- Testing, Influenza vaccines -- Testing, Adenoviruses -- Usage -- Health aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

BACKGROUND. To understand the features of a replicating vaccine that might drive potent and durable immune responses to transgene-encoded antigens, we tested a replication-competent adenovirus type 4 encoding influenza virus H5 HA (Ad4-H5-Vtn) administered as an oral capsule or via tonsillar swab or nasal spray. METHODS. Viral shedding from the nose, mouth, and rectum was measured by PCR and culturing. H5-specific IgG and IgA antibodies were measured by bead array binding assays. Serum antibodies were measured by a pseudovirus entry inhibition, microneutralization, and HA inhibition assays. RESULTS. Ad4-H5-Vtn DNA was shed from most upper respiratory tract-immunized (URT-immunized) volunteers for 2 to 4 weeks, but cultured from only 60% of participants, with a median duration of 1 day. Ad4-H5-Vtn vaccination induced increases in H5-specific [CD4.sup.+] and [CD8.sup.+] T cells in the peripheral blood as well as increases in IgG and IgA in nasal, cervical, and rectal secretions. URT immunizations induced high levels of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against H5 that remained stable out to week 26. The duration of viral shedding correlated with the magnitude of the NAb response at week 26. Adverse events (AEs) were mild, and peak NAb titers were associated with overall AE frequency and duration. Serum NAb titers could be boosted to very high levels 2 to 5 years after Ad4-H5-Vtn vaccination with recombinant H5 or inactivated split H5N1 vaccine. CONCLUSION. Replicating Ad4 delivered to the URT caused prolonged exposure to antigen, drove durable systemic and mucosal immunity, and proved to be a promising platform for the induction of immunity against viral surface glycoprotein targets. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01443936 and NCT01806909. FUNDING. Intramural and Extramural Research Programs of the NIAID, NIH (U19 AI109946) and the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), NIAID, NIH (contract HHSN272201400008C)., Introduction Induction of a durable antibody response capable of neutralizing diverse isolates is a high priority for the development of vaccines against viruses such as HIV, severe acute respiratory syndrome [...]

Published
2021
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46. Haemodialysing babies weighing <8 kg with the newcastle infant dialysis and ultrafiltration system (Nidus): comparison with peritoneal and conventional haemodialysis

Author

Coulthard, Malcolm G., Crosier, Jean, Griffiths, Clive, Smith, Jon, Drinnan, Michael, Whitaker, Mike, Beckwith, Robert, Matthews, John N.S., Flecknell, Paul, and Lambert, Heather J.

Subjects
Infants -- Research -- Care and treatment, Hemodialysis -- Research -- Comparative analysis -- Usage, Health
Abstract

Background To compare the efficacy of the Newcastle infant dialysis and ultrafiltration system (Nidus) with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and conventional haemodialysis (HD) in infants weighing Methods We compared the urea, creatinine and phosphate clearances, the ultrafiltration precision, and the safety of the Nidus machine with PD in 7 piglets weighing 1-8 kg, in a planned randomised cross-over trial in babies, and in babies for whom no other therapy existed, some of whom later graduated to conventional HD. Results Two babies entered the randomised trial; 1 recovered rapidly on PD, the other remained on the Nidus as PD failed. Additionally, 9 babies were treated on the Nidus on humanitarian grounds: 3 because of failed PD, and 3 with permanent kidney failure later converted to conventional HD. We haemodialysed 10 babies weighing between 1.8 and 5.9 kg for 2,475 h during 354 Nidus sessions without any clinically important incidents, and without detectable haemolysis. Single-lumen vascular access was used with no blood priming of circuits. The urea, creatinine and phosphate clearances using the Nidus were around 1.5 to 2.0 ml/min in piglets and babies, and were consistently higher than PD clearances, which ranged from about 0.2 to 0.8 ml/min (p≤0.0002 for each chemical). Ultrafiltration was achieved to microlitre precision by the Nidus, but varied widely with PD. Fluid removal using conventional HD was imprecise and resulted in some hypovolaemic episodes requiring correction. Conclusion The Nidus can provide HD in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and outpatient intermittent HD without blood priming for babies weighing Keywords Infant * Acute renal failure * Chronic renal failure * Renal replacement therapy, Introduction Dialysing small babies is challenging for many reasons. Vascular access for haemodialysis (HD) modalities is problematic as the size of the central venous line (CVL) required for adequate blood [...]

Published
2014
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48. Changes in white pine blister rust infection and mortality in limber pine over time

Author

Smith, Cyndi M., Langor, David W., Myrholm, Colin, Weber, Jim, Gillies, Cameron, and Stuart-Smith, Jon

Subjects
Blister rust -- Control -- Environmental aspects, Pine -- Health aspects -- Environmental aspects, Plant immunology, Earth sciences
Abstract

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis E. James) is under threat from white pine blister rust (WPBR), mountain pine beetle, drought, and fire suppression across its range in western North America. In 2003-2004, we established 85 plots to assess the mortality and incidence of WPBR on limber pine, and remeasured them in 2009. Infection was evident in 74% of the plots in 2003-2004 and 88% of the plots in 2009. The proportion of dead trees increased from 32% in 2003-2004 to 35% in 2009. The percentage of live trees infected increased from 33% in 2003-2004 to 43% in 2009. Mean live limber pine basal area in 2009 ranged from 0.03 to 77.8 [m.sup.2]/ha per plot. Twenty (24%) of the plots had no seedlings in the first measurement, but only 15% in the second measurement. Seedling infection was low (8% in 2003-2004 and 4% in 2009). In 12 plots that were measured three times, mortality increased from 30% of all trees in 1996 to 50% in 2003, then decreased to 46% in 2009. Infection decreased from 73% of live trees in 1996 to 46% in 2003, then increased to 66% in 2009. High mortality and infection levels suggest that the long-term persistence of many limber pine populations in the southern part of the study area are in jeopardy, and continued monitoring is needed to assist with management decisions. Resume: Le pin flexible (Pinus flexilis E. James) est menace par la rouille vesiculeuse du pin blanc (RVPB), le dendroctone du pin ponderosa, la secheresse et la suppression du feu partout dans son aire de repartition dans l'ouest de l'Amerique du Nord. En 2003-2004, nous avons etabli 85 placettes pour evaluer la mortalite et l'incidence de la RVPB sur le pin flexible et nous les avons remesurees en 2009. L'infection etait evidente dans 74 % des placettes en 2003-2004 et 88 % des placettes en 2009. La proportion des arbres morts a augmente de 32 % en 2003-2004 a 35 % en 2009. Le pourcentage d'arbres vivants infectes est passe de 33 % en 2003-2004 a 43 % en 2009. La surface terriere moyenne des pins flexibles vivants variait en 2009 de 0,03 a 77,8 [m.sup.2]/ha par placettes. Il n'y n'avait aucun semis dans 24 % des placettes lors de la premiere mesure contre seulement 15 % lors de la seconde mesure. Le taux d'infection des semis etait faible (8 % en 2003-2004 et 4 % en 2009). Dans 12 placettes remesurees trois fois, la mortalite est passee de 30 % de tous les arbres en 1996 a 50 % en 2003 puis a diminue a 46 % en 2009. Le taux d'infection est passe de 73 % des arbres vivants en 1996 a 46 % en 2003 puis a augmente a 66 % en 2009. Les taux eleves d'infection et de mortalite indiquent que la persistance a long terme de plusieurs populations de pin flexible dans la partie sud de la zone d'etude est menacee et qu'un suivi continu est necessaire pour faciliter les decisions d'amenagement. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Limber pine (Pinus flexilis E. James) is a five-needled white pine that ranges from southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and eastern California, with [...]

Published
2013

49. Changes in blister rust infection and mortality in whitebark pine over time

Author

Smith, Cyndi M., Shepherd, Brenda, Gillies, Cameron, and Stuart-Smith, Jon

Subjects
Forest conservation -- Research -- Canada, Pine -- Diseases and pests -- Protection and preservation, Earth sciences
Abstract

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), a keystone species in subalpine ecosystems of western North America, is under threat across its range from white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, fire exclusion, and climate change. Loss of whitebark pine is predicted to have cascading effects on many ecosystem services. We remeasured 115 whitebark pine plots in the Canadian Rocky Mountains to determine whether infection and mortality rates from blister rust were changing over time and (or) latitude. Average rust infection of trees among plots increased from 42% in 2003-2004 to 52% in 2009, while mortality increased from 18% to 28%. In eight plots that have been measured three times, infection increased from 43% of live trees in 1996 to 70% in 2003 and 78% in 2009. Mortality increased from 26% to 65% in the same time period. Overall, infection and mortality have increased 3%/year over the 13 years of the study. Incidence of infection and mortality was highest among plots in the southern part of the study area, particularly on the western side of the Continental Divide. The slowing rates of infection and mortality that we found suggest that some level of natural selection may already be occurring in areas with high levels of both. Resume: Le pin a ecorce blanche (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), une espece cle dans les ecosystemes subalpins de l'Ouest de l'Amerique du Nord, est menace partout dans son aire de repartition par la rouille vesiculeuse du pin blanc, le dendroctone du pin ponderosa, l'exclusion du feu et les changements climatiques. On prevoit que la perte du pin a ecorce blanche aurait des repercussions en cascade sur plusieurs services de l'ecosysteme. Nous avons remesure 115 places echantillons contenant du pin a ecorce blanche dans les montagnes Rocheuses canadiennes pour determiner si les taux d'infection et de mortalite par la rouille vesiculeuse changeaient avec le temps et la latitude. Le taux moyen d'infection des arbres par la rouille vesiculeuse dans les places echantillons a augmente de 42% en 2003?2004 a 52% en 2009 tandis que la mortalite a augmente de 18% a 28%. Dans huit places echantillons qui ont ete mesurees trois fois, le taux d'infection est passe de 43% des arbres vivants en 1966 a 70% en 2003 et 78% en 2009. La mortalite a augmente de 26% a 65% durant la meme periode. Dans l'ensemble, les taux d'infection et de mortalite ont augmente de 3% par annee durant le cours de l'etude qui a dure 13 ans. L'incidence de l'infection et de la mortalite etait la plus forte parmi les places echantillons situees dans la partie sud de la zone d'etude. Le ralentissement que nous avons observe dans l'augmentation des taux d'infection et de mortalite indique qu'un certain degre de selection naturelle est peutetre deja a l'ouvre dans les regions ou l'infection et la mortalite atteignent des niveaux eleves. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), a keystone species in subalpine ecosystems of western North America, is under threat across the species' range. It is being impacted by white pine [...]

Published
2013

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