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Your search keyword '"Smith, Andrew G."' showing total 312 results
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312 results on '"Smith, Andrew G."'

1. Essential Emergency and Critical Care: a consensus among global clinical experts

Author

Schell, Carl Otto, Khalid, Karima, Wharton-Smith, Alexandra, Oliwa, Jacquie, Sawe, Hendry R, Roy, Nobhojit, Sanga, Alex, Marshall, John C, Rylance, Jamie, Hanson, Claudia, Kayambankadzanja, Raphael K, Wallis, Lee A, Jirwe, Maria, Baker, Tim, Asghar, Adam, Laytin, Adam D, Holloway, Adrian J, Adib, Ahmed Rhassane El, Michaelides, Alexia, Munoz, Alvaro Coronado, Muzuka, Amos, Fernández, Analía, Pembe, Andrea B, Wellhagen, Andreas, Smith, Andrew G, Gadgil, Anita, Hvarfner, Anna, Abayadeera, Anuja, Agulnik, Asya, Godard, Aurélie, Venkatesh, Balasubramanian, Yousif, Bargo Mahamat, Morton, Bhakti Sarang Ben, Kumar, Bharath, Vijayaraghavan, Tirupakuzhi, King, Bobby, Rice, Brian, Thwaites, C Louise, Tai, Chian Wern, Owoo, Christian, Sendagire, Cornelius, Petersen, Dan Brun, Tatay, Daniel, Skinner, David Lee, Kinyua, Denis, Ghosh, Dhruva, Aryal, Diptesh, Mlombwa, Donald, Thi, Duyen, Bui, Hanh, Lugazia, Edwin R, Riviello, Elisabeth, Molyneux, Elizabeth M, Heyns, Ellena, Nsutebu, Emmanuel Fru, Montalvo, Erika, Moreno, Ernesto Gerardo, Kanyangira, Esther Banda, Muttalib, Fiona, Mupeta, Francis, Diaz, Franco, Bulamba, Fred, Nzanzu, Furaha, Pascal, Blaise, Wooldridge, Gavin, Mwakisambwe, Gibonce, Richards, Guy A, Ammar, Hala, Mangat, Halinder S, Ghali, Hasanein H, Shah, Hiral A, Shum, Hoi Ping, Abdullahi, Ibrahim Salim, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, von der Osten, Ingrid T, Mcknight, Jacob, Lee, James S, Namagga, Jane Kasozi, Eriksen, Jaran, Armour-Marshall, Jasmine, Kellett, John, Metcalfe, John Z, Moore, Jolene, Blixt, Jonas, Langton, Josephine, Mejia, Juan Gutierrez, Silesky-Jiménez, Juan Ignacio, Soni, Kapil Dev, Kohne, Karl Martin, Rowan, Kathryn, Yokobatake, Kazuhiro, Doi, Kent, Rudd, Kristina E, Akuamoah-Boateng, Kwame Asante, Irestedt, Lars, Losonczy, Lia I, Zhang, Lina, Kurland, Lisa, Guinness, Lorna, and Bains, Lovenish

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Health Services, Clinical Research, Emergency Care, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Consensus, Critical Care, Emergency Medical Services, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, EECC Collaborators, EECC Collaborators*, health policy, health services research, health systems, surgery, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundGlobally, critical illness results in millions of deaths every year. Although many of these deaths are potentially preventable, the basic, life-saving care of critically ill patients are often overlooked in health systems. Essential Emergency and Critical Care (EECC) has been devised as the care that should be provided to all critically ill patients in all hospitals in the world. EECC includes the effective care of low cost and low complexity for the identification and treatment of critically ill patients across all medical specialties. This study aimed to specify the content of EECC and additionally, given the surge of critical illness in the ongoing pandemic, the essential diagnosis-specific care for critically ill patients with COVID-19.MethodsIn a Delphi process, consensus (>90% agreement) was sought from a diverse panel of global clinical experts. The panel iteratively rated proposed treatments and actions based on previous guidelines and the WHO/ICRC's Basic Emergency Care. The output from the Delphi was adapted iteratively with specialist reviewers into a coherent and feasible package of clinical processes plus a list of hospital readiness requirements.ResultsThe 269 experts in the Delphi panel had clinical experience in different acute medical specialties from 59 countries and from all resource settings. The agreed EECC package contains 40 clinical processes and 67 requirements, plus additions specific for COVID-19.ConclusionThe study has specified the content of care that should be provided to all critically ill patients. Implementing EECC could be an effective strategy for policy makers to reduce preventable deaths worldwide.

Published
2021

4. CD4 receptor diversity represents an ancient protection mechanism against primate lentiviruses

Author

Russell, Ronnie M., Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic, Liu, Weimin, Sherrill-Mix, Scott, Li, Yingying, Connell, Jesse, Loy, Dorothy E., Trimboli, Stephanie, Smith, Andrew G., Avitto, Alexa N., Gondim, Marcos V. P., Plenderleith, Lindsey J., Wetzel, Katherine S., Collman, Ronald G., Ayouba, Ahidjo, Esteban, Amandine, Peeters, Martine, Kohler, William J., Miller, Richard A., François-Souquiere, Sandrine, Switzer, William M., Hirsch, Vanessa M., Marx, Preston A., Piel, Alex K., Stewart, Fiona A., Georgiev, Alexander V., Sommer, Volker, Bertolani, Paco, Hart, John A., Hart, Terese B., Shaw, George M., Sharp, Paul M., and Hahn, Beatrice H.

Published
2021

6. Contribution of proteasome-catalyzed peptide cis -splicing to viral targeting by CD8⁺ T cells in HIV-1 infection

Author

Paes, Wayne, Leonov, German, Partridge, Thomas, Chikata, Takayuki, Murakoshi, Hayato, Frangou, Anna, Brackenridge, Simon, Nicastri, Annalisa, Smith, Andrew G., Learn, Gerald H., Li, Yingying, Parker, Robert, Oka, Shinichi, Pellegrino, Pierre, Williams, Ian, Haynes, Barton F., McMichael, Andrew J., Shaw, George M., Hahn, Beatrice H., Takiguchi, Masafumi, Ternette, Nicola, and Borrow, Persephone

Published
2019

8. CD4 receptor diversity in chimpanzees protects against SIV infection

Author

Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic, Russell, Ronnie M., Liu, Weimin, Stewart-Jones, Guillaume B. E., Sherrill-Mix, Scott, Li, Yingying, Learn, Gerald H., Smith, Andrew G., Gondim, Marcos V. P., Plenderleith, Lindsey J., Decker, Julie M., Easlick, Juliet L., Wetzel, Katherine S., Collman, Ronald G., Ding, Shilei, Finzi, Andrés, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Peeters, Martine, Leendertz, Fabian H., van Schijndel, Joost, Goedmakers, Annemarie, Ton, Els, Boesch, Christophe, Kuehl, Hjalmar, Arandjelovic, Mimi, Dieguez, Paula, Murai, Mizuki, Colin, Christelle, Koops, Kathelijne, Speede, Sheri, Gonder, Mary K., Muller, Martin N., Sanz, Crickette M., Morgan, David B., Atencia, Rebecca, Cox, Debby, Piel, Alex K., Stewart, Fiona A., Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N., Mjungu, Deus, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V., Pusey, Anne E., Kwong, Peter D., Sharp, Paul M., Shaw, George M., and Hahn, Beatrice H.

Published
2019

10. Completeness of HIV-1 Envelope Glycan Shield at Transmission Determines Neutralization Breadth

Author

Wagh, Kshitij, Kreider, Edward F., Li, Yingying, Barbian, Hannah J., Learn, Gerald H., Giorgi, Elena, Hraber, Peter T., Decker, Timothy G., Smith, Andrew G., Gondim, Marcos V., Gillis, Lindsey, Wandzilak, Jamie, Chuang, Gwo-Yu, Rawi, Reda, Cai, Fangping, Pellegrino, Pierre, Williams, Ian, Overbaugh, Julie, Gao, Feng, Kwong, Peter D., Haynes, Barton F., Shaw, George M., Borrow, Persephone, Seaman, Michael S., Hahn, Beatrice H., and Korber, Bette

Published
2018
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16. Resistance to type 1 interferons is a major determinant of HIV-1 transmission fitness

Author

Iyer, Shilpa S., Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic, Sherrill-Mix, Scott, Learn, Gerald H., Plenderleith, Lindsey, Smith, Andrew G., Barbian, Hannah J., Russell, Ronnie M., Gondim, Marcos V. P., Bahari, Catherine Y., Shaw, Christiana M., Li, Yingying, Decker, Timothy, Haynes, Barton F., Shaw, George M., Sharp, Paul M., Borrow, Persephone, and Hahn, Beatrice H.

Published
2017

28. Antibiotic treatment failure in children aged 1 to 59 months with World Health Organization-defined severe pneumonia in Malawi: A CPAP IMPACT trial secondary analysis.

Author

Mvalo, Tisungane, Smith, Andrew G., Eckerle, Michelle, Hosseinipour, Mina C., Kondowe, Davie, Vaidya, Dhananjay, Liu, Yisi, Corbett, Kelly, Nansongole, Dan, Mtimaukanena, Takondwa A., Lufesi, Norman, and McCollum, Eric D.

Subjects
*ANTIBIOTICS, *TREATMENT failure, *HEALTH facilities, *ETIOLOGY of pneumonia, *SECONDARY analysis, *PNEUMONIA
Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in children <5 years globally. Early identification of hospitalized children with pneumonia who may fail antibiotics could improve outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis from the Malawi CPAP IMPACT trial evaluating risk factors for antibiotic failure among children hospitalized with pneumonia. Methods: Participants were 1–59 months old with World Health Organization-defined severe pneumonia and hypoxemia, severe malnutrition, and/or HIV exposure/infection. All participants received intravenous antibiotics per standard care. First-line antibiotics were benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for five days. Study staff assessed patients for first-line antibiotic failure daily between days 3–6. When identified, patients failing antibiotics were switched to second-line ceftriaxone. Analyses excluded children receiving ceftriaxone and/or deceased by hospital day two. We compared characteristics between patients with and without treatment failure and fit multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate associations between treatment failure and admission characteristics. Results: From June 2015–March 2018, 644 children were enrolled and 538 analyzed. Antibiotic failure was identified in 251 (46.7%) participants, and 19/251 (7.6%) died. Treatment failure occurred more frequently with severe malnutrition (50.2% (126/251) vs 28.2% (81/287), p<0.001) and amongst those dwelling ≥10km from a health facility (22.3% (56/251) vs 15.3% (44/287), p = 0.026). Severe malnutrition occurred more frequently among children living ≥10km from a health facility than those living <10km (49.0% (49/100) vs 35.7% (275/428), p = 0.014). Children with severe malnutrition (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.2 (95% CI 1.52, 3.24), p<0.001) and pre-hospital antibiotics ((aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01, 2.14), p = 0.043) had an elevated aOR for antibiotic treatment failure. Conclusion: Severe malnutrition and pre-hospital antibiotic use predicted antibiotic treatment failure in this high-risk severe pneumonia pediatric population in Malawi. Our findings suggest addressing complex sociomedical conditions like severe malnutrition and improving pneumonia etiology diagnostics will be key for better targeting interventions to improve childhood pneumonia outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Facile Synthesis of Functionalised Hyperbranched Polymers for Application as Novel, Low Viscosity Lubricant Formulation Components.

Author

Goodwin, Sophie R., Stimpson, Amy, Moon, Richard, Cowie, Lauren, Aragrag, Najib, Filip, Sorin V., Smith, Andrew G., and Irvine, Derek J.

Subjects
VISCOSITY, LUBRICANT additives, MONOMERS, BASE oils, OLIGOMERS, POLYMERS, POLYMERIZATION
Abstract

A novel, previously unreported, method for synthesising hyperbranched (HB) materials is detailed. Their use as additives to produce lubricant formulations that exhibit enhanced levels of wear protection and improved low-temperature oil viscosity and flow is also reported. The lubricant formulations containing HB additives were found to exhibit both significantly lower viscosities and improved in-use film-forming properties than the current industry standard formulations. To achieve this, alkyl methacrylate oligomers (predominantly dimers and trimers) were synthesised using catalytic chain transfer polymerisation. These were then used as functional chain transfer agents (CTA) to control the polymerisation of divinyl benzene (DVB) monomers to generate highly soluble, high polydispersity HB polymers. The level of dimer/trimer purification applied was varied to define its influence on both these HB resultant structures and the resultant HB additives' performance as a lubricant additive. It was shown that, while the DVB acted as the backbone of the HB, the base oil solubility of the additive was imparted by the presence of the alkyl chains included in the structure via the use of the oligomeric CTAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. High-Frequency Percussive Ventilation in Viral Bronchiolitis.

Author

White, Benjamin R., Cadotte, Noelle, McClellan, Eric B., Presson, Angela P., Bennett, Erin, Smith, Andrew G., and Aljabari, Salim

Subjects
VIRAL disease treatment, INTENSIVE care units, SCIENTIFIC observation, CONFIDENCE intervals, EXTRACORPOREAL membrane oxygenation, PEDIATRICS, SEVERITY of illness index, T-test (Statistics), HIGH-frequency ventilation (Therapy), BRONCHIOLE diseases, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, REACTIVE oxygen species, HEMODYNAMICS, ODDS ratio, OXYGEN in the body, TRACHEA intubation, LONGITUDINAL method, PULMONARY gas exchange, CHILDREN
Abstract

BACKGROUND: High-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) is an alternative mode of mechanical ventilation that has been shown to improve gas exchange in subjects with severe respiratory failure. We hypothesized that HFPV use would improve ventilation and oxygenation in intubated children with acute bronchiolitis. METHODS: In this single-center prospective cohort study we included mechanically ventilated children in the pediatric ICU with bronchiolitis 1-24 months old who were transitioned to HFPV from conventional invasive mechanical ventilation from November 2018-April 2020. Patients with congenital heart disease, on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and with HFPV duration < 12 h were excluded. Subject gas exchange metrics and ventilator parameters were compared before and after HFPV initiation. RESULTS: Forty-one of 192 (21%) patients intubated with bronchiolitis underwent HFPV, and 35 met inclusion criteria. Median age of cohort was 4 months, and 60% were previously healthy. All subjects with available oxygenation saturation index (OSI) measurements pre-HFPV met pediatric ARDS criteria (31/35, 89%). Mean CO2 decreased from 65.4 in the 24 h pre-HFPV to 51 (P < .001) in the 24 h post initiation. SpO2/FIO2 was significantly improved at 24 h post-HFPV (153.3 to 209.7, P = .001), whereas the decrease in mean OSI at 24 h did not meet statistical significance (11.9 to 10.2, P = .15). The mean peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) decreased post-HFPV from 29.7 to 25.0 at 24 h (P < .001). No subjects developed an air leak or hemodynamic instability secondary to HFPV. Two subjects required ECMO, and of these, one subject died. CONCLUSIONS: HFPV was associated with significant improvement in ventilation and decreased exposure to high PIPs for mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis in our cohort and had a potential association with improved oxygenation. Our study shows that HFPV may be an effective alternative mode of ventilation in patients with bronchiolitis who have poor gas exchange on conventional invasive mechanical ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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36. Continuous positive airway pressure for children in resource-limited settings, effect on mortality and adverse events: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Sessions, Kristen L., Smith, Andrew G., Holmberg, Peter J., Wahl, Brian, Mvalo, Tisungane, Chisti, Mohammod J., Carroll, Ryan W., and McCollum, Eric D.

Subjects
CONTINUOUS positive airway pressure, BRONCHIOLITIS, MEDICAL libraries, MEDICAL personnel, CRITICAL care medicine
Abstract

Objective: Determine non-invasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) outcomes for paediatric respiratory distress in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting: LMIC hospitals.Patients: One month to 15 year olds with respiratory distress.Interventions: We searched Medline, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus on 7 April 2020. Included studies assessed CPAP safety, efficacy or effectiveness. All study types were included; neonatal only studies were excluded. Data were extracted by two reviewers and bias was assessed. Certainty of evidence was evaluated, and risk ratios (RR) were produced for meta-analyses. (PROSPERO protocol CRD42018084278).Results: 2174 papers were screened, 20 were included in the systematic review and 3 were included in two separate meta-analyses of mortality and adverse events. Studies suitable for meta-analysis were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from Bangladesh, Ghana and Malawi. For meta-analyses comparing death or adverse events between CPAP and low-flow oxygen recipients, we found no clear CPAP effect on mortality (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.72) or adverse events (RR 1.52, CI 0.71 to 3.26). We downgraded the certainty of evidence for both death and adverse events outcomes to 'low' due to design issues and results discrepancies across RCTs.Conclusions: Evidence for CPAP efficacy against mortality and adverse events has low certainty and is context dependent. Hospitals introducing CPAP need to have mechanisms in place to optimise safety in the context it is being used; this includes the location (a high dependency or intensive care area), adequate numbers of staff trained in CPAP use, close monitoring and mechanisms for escalation, daily direct physician supervision, equipment that is age appropriate and user-friendly and continuous monitoring of outcomes and quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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