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Purpose: This paper aims to clarify under which conditions, and via what mechanisms, power asymmetry is likely to affect team learning. This work is part of a two-paper series. Part I presents the theoretical arguments linking power asymmetry to team learning via egalitarianism and the moderating role of environmental hardship. In Part II, the authors provide an empirical evaluation of the conceptual model presented in Part I. Design/methodology/approach: Data was gathered on 4,637 military personnel nested in 143 ongoing teams. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the proposed moderated mediation model. The results show that under higher levels of environmental hardship, teams with higher power asymmetry (greater hierarchy) show greater team egalitarianism and higher team learning. Findings: The results show that under higher levels of environmental hardship, teams with higher power asymmetry (greater hierarchy) show greater team egalitarianism and higher team learning. Research limitations/implications: The empirical examination of the proposed relationships is based on a large sample of military teams in the real world. Future research would benefit from testing the model on different samples across industries and adopting different operationalizations for environmental hardship relevant to each industry. Originality/value: This work provides insights to help practitioners to preserve the coordination benefits of hierarchy, while still promoting more egalitarianism and team learning in hierarchical teams. [For "Power Asymmetry, Egalitarianism and Team Learning -- Part 1: Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of Environmental Hardship," see EJ1273428.]

Infectious disease physicians in England have been diagnosing and managing occasional cases of viral hemorrhagic fever since 1971, including the United Kingdom's first case of Ebola virus disease in 1976. Specialist isolation facilities to provide safe and effective care have been present since that time. Following the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and the avian influenza A (H7N9) outbreak in 2013, and the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, clinical and public health preparedness and response pathways in England have been strengthened for these types of diseases, now called high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs). The HCID program, led by NHS England and Public Health England between 2016 and 2018, helped to deliver these enhancements, which have since been used on multiple occasions for new UK cases and outbreaks of MERS, mpox, avian influenza, and Lassa fever. Additionally, HCID pathways were activated for COVID-19 during the first 3 months of 2020, before the pandemic had been declared and little was known about COVID-19 but HCID status had been assigned temporarily to COVID-19 as a precaution. The HCID program also led to the commissioning of a network of new airborne HCID treatment centers in England, to supplement the existing network of contact HCID treatment centers, which includes the United Kingdom's only 2 high-level isolation units. In this case study, the authors describe the airborne and contact HCID treatment center networks in England, including their formation and structures, their approach to safe and effective clinical management of patients with HCIDs in the United Kingdom, and challenges they may face going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma (Os) is the greatest histologic mimicker of all bone tumors. We conducted a retrospective study on its various histopathological patterns, vis-à-vis, clinical and diagnostic features, highlighting its variations. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the demographic distribution of Os presenting to our centers and appreciate the histological variations of the disease prevalent in this part of the world as such a study had not been done before. Materials and Methods: Over a period of 25 years, we encountered 100 cases of Os at our institution. The clinical details, investigative findings, gross appearance of tumor tissue obtained, and their hematoxylin and eosinstained microscopic appearance were studied. Results: The majority were in the 2nd and 3rd decades with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. Long bones were most commonly involved. Microscopically, apart from the conventional type, the histological variants encountered were small cell, soft tissue, malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like, telangiectatic, and juxtacortical including parosteal, periosteal, and dedifferentiated parosteal. Patients were treated with radical amputations, chemo-radiotherapy, and limb salvage surgeries. Conclusion: Being obvious that Os presents with a variety of presentations eluding any prediction regards its biologic behavior, the pathologist should be keen on thorough sampling of tumor tissue and correlate the histologic type with the radiological appearance and clinical presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to understand the effects of team power asymmetry (hierarchy) on team learning. Design/methodology/approach: Literature suggests that power asymmetry can hurt team learning due to unequal interactions. The authors integrate the situated focus theory of power and the theory of adversarial growth to propose that environmental hardship can moderate this relationship. Such that, under environmental hardship there is a shift in power relations within hierarchical teams, such that power asymmetry positively relates to team learning via increased team egalitarianism (interactional equality). Findings: The study is presented in two parts. Part 1 reviews the literature and builds the theoretical arguments for the conceptual model, while Part 2 empirically examines the model on a sample of military teams. In Part 1, the authors propose a theoretically derived model and directions for future research in team power, dynamics and learning. Research limitations/implications: It provides directions to empirically validate a contingency-based model to resolve the dilemma of creating equality and high levels of team learning in hierarchical teams. Originality/value: The conceptual model and hypotheses contribute to the team learning literature by theoretically clarifying the conditions under which power asymmetry is likely to improve team learning. [For "Power Asymmetry, Egalitarianism and Team Learning -- Part II: Empirical Examination of the Moderating Role of Environmental Hardship," see EJ1294401.]

Winchester syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder with a handful of cases reported to date. We report a 14‐year‐old male who presented with growth retardation, contracture of left lower limb due to thick indurated skin, hypertrichosis, and bilateral corneal opacity. There was complete improvement in joint contracture with oral betamethasone pulse and weekly oral methotrexate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary malignant melanoma rarely occurs in the oral cavity. The tongue is a particularly unusual primary site; lesions may be pigmented or amelanotic. Primary malignant melanoma is frequently mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma. Case Report: A 27-year-old male presented with a large, painless, ulceroproliferative mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue for 6 months. Squamous cell carcinoma was suspected, and the lesion was biopsied. Histopathology was compatible with primary amelanotic malignant melanoma. The patient had no cutaneous lesions consistent with malignant melanoma, and no definitive metastatic lesions were found. Ultrasound and computed tomography did not reveal any evidence of regional draining lymph node metastasis or suspicious lesions anywhere else in the body. The patient underwent composite resection of the tongue tumor and bilateral neck lymph node dissection, had an uneventful postoperative recovery, but was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Primary oral amelanotic malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive, potentially fatal tumor and because of its rarity, presents a diagnostic challenge. The ideal treatment modality for primary malignant melanoma of the tongue is poorly defined, but surgery is regarded as the most effective course of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human performance applications of mindfulness-based training have demonstrated its utility in enhancing cognitive functioning. Previous studies have illustrated how these interventions can improve performance on traditional cognitive tests, however, little investigation has explored the extent to which mindfulness-based training can optimise performance in more dynamic and complex contexts. Further, from a neuroscientific perspective, the underlying mechanisms responsible for performance enhancements remain largely undescribed. With this in mind, the following study aimed to investigate how a short-term mindfulness intervention (one week) augments performance on a dynamic and complex task (target motion analyst task; TMA) in young, healthy adults (n = 40, age range = 18–38). Linear mixed effect modelling revealed that increased adherence to the web-based mindfulness-based training regime (ranging from 0–21 sessions) was associated with improved performance in the second testing session of the TMA task, controlling for baseline performance. Analyses of resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) metrics demonstrated no change across testing sessions. Investigations of additional individual factors demonstrated that enhancements associated with training adherence remained relatively consistent across varying levels of participants' resting-state EEG metrics, personality measures (i.e., trait mindfulness, neuroticism, conscientiousness), self-reported enjoyment and timing of intervention adherence. Our results thus indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive training leads to performance enhancements in distantly related tasks, irrespective of several individual differences. We also revealed nuances in the magnitude of cognitive enhancements contingent on the timing of adherence, regardless of total volume of training. Overall, our findings suggest that mindfulness-based training could be used in a myriad of settings to elicit transferable performance enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its discovery in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world with being declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Comorbidities are one of the most concerning clinical considerations for mortality. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in Patna, Bihar, from June 2020 to December 2020. It included adult patients who succumbed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during this period, and their relevant information, such as demographic information hospital stay duration, haematological parameters and comorbidities, was gathered. Results: The mean age of the study group was 63.5 (11.8) years. Of 150 cases, 126 men (about 84 per cent) and 24 women were involved (16 per cent). In our study, hypertension (HTN) was shown to be the most frequent comorbidity at 68.7% (103/150), followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) at 61.3% (92/150). The most prevalent haematological disorder identified in our investigation was anaemia and leucocytosis. Conclusion: The categorisation of patients who would need extra measures including early hospitalisation, heightened monitoring and intense therapy would be made easier by identifying patient traits and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite frequent reference to "work-life" issues in the organizational literature, little theoretical or empirical attention has been paid to nonwork areas beyond family. The purpose of the research described here is to move beyond work-family conflict to a broader conceptualization and measurement of work interference with life. A measure of work interference with life across eight nonwork domains and two forms of interference (strain- and time-based) was developed and tested in two studies of 1811 and 3145 university alumni from multiple organizations and diverse occupations. In Study 1 evidence for the dimensionality of this measure is presented. In Study 2 work interference with life demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond work interference with family with respect to job satisfaction, turnover intentions, life satisfaction, and mental health. The results of relative importance analyses are presented for the same outcomes. This research has implications for designing more inclusive work-life policies and practices and presents a new lens for understanding individual differences at the work-life interface. (Contains 9 tables.)

Introduction: Salivary gland neoplasms account for approximately 5% of head and neck tumours. The cytomorphology of fine needle aspiration material helps determine the preoperative assessment and risk stratification. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was developed to improve communication between the laboratory and treatment provider. Aims and objective: In the present study, we stratified all salivary gland lesions according to the MSRSGC and evaluated each category's concordance and risk of malignancy (ROM). Materials and methods: This was a 5 year retrospective study. First, all cases were assigned to one of the six MSRSGC categories. Then, following cytohistological correlation, the concordance rates and ROM were calculated based on the final histopathology report. Results: A total of 354 cases were identified, with ages ranging from 2 to 88 years and the commonest age group was the 3rd to 4th decades. Categories I, II, III, IVA, IVB, V, and VI comprised 5.37% (19/354), 26.84% (95/354), 1.13% (04/354), 51.41% (182/354), 1.98% (07/354), 1.13% (04/354), and 12.15% (43/354) of the cases, respectively. The overall concordance rate between the cytological and histopathological diagnoses was 81.25% (65 out of 80 cases), with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at 43.48%, 96.49%, 83.33%, and 80.88%, respectively. Conclusion: The MSRSGC provides a better objective and structured way to communicate with the health care provider. In our study, the overall concordance rate was observed in 62/80 cases, with maximum concordance seen in categories III, IVB, and V of the MSRSGC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines how using a multidimensional battery of predictors (high-school grade point average (GPA), SAT/ACT, and biodata), and weighting the predictors based on the different values institutions place on various student performance dimensions (college GPA, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)), can increase the proportion of some ethnic subgroups often disadvantaged by the use of only traditional measures such as the SAT/ACT. The sample consisted of 836 students from 10 universities across the United States. Results show that meaningfully different proportions of groups would be admitted to universities when the predictors included noncognitive measures and the weights for the various components in the battery were based on performance dimensions other than first-year GPA. These dimensions should reflect institutional values. (Contains 4 tables.)

Context: Dysplastic changes are well documented in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, they are also observed in non-MDS hematological conditions. Aims: To evaluate the megakaryocytic alterations in the bone marrow aspirations in cases of non-MDS related thrombocytopenia. Setting and Design: A prospective study of 144 bone marrow aspirates was conducted in the department of pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The aspirates were studied to assess the number and morphology of the megakaryocytes in non-MDS related thrombocytopenia and evaluate their significance when compared to changes in MDS. Materials and Methods: The bone marrow aspiration smears were stained with Leishman stain and examined under light microscope. Statistical Analysis Used: Fisher′s exact test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated for those features which were significant in the relevant hematological disorders. Results: The sensitivity of immature megakaryocytes, dysplastic forms and micromegakaryocytes in cases of immune thrombocytopenic purpura was 100%, 89% and 42% respectively. The specificity of emperipolesis was 74%. In cases of infection-associated thrombocytopenia, immature megakaryocytes had a sensitivity of 100% and cytoplasmic vacuolization were 86% specific. The sensitivity of the dysplastic forms in megaloblastic anemia was 75%. However, no platelet budding was observed. The presence of micromegakaryocyte had a specificity of 83% in MDS, and was statistically significant when compared to cases of non-MDS conditions (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Careful understanding of the morphological changes of megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspirates can improve the diagnostic accuracy for a wide range of hematological disorders thereby enabling proper therapeutic interventions.

Xanthomas are characterized by the presence of foamy lipid-laden macrophages. The gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon site for xanthoma, with the stomach being the most favored location. They have been associated with various premalignant and malignant conditions of the stomach. We present a case of a 21-year-old female patient with dyspepsia of 4 months duration. Her lipid profile was mildly altered. On upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, multiple discrete yellow patches were found in the antrum, diagnosed as gastric xanthoma on microscopy. Various published literature has emphasized the frequent association of gastric xanthomas with gastritis, gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. Hence, there is a necessity for early recognition, treatment of any coexistent pathology, and close clinical follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the validity of noncognitive and cognitive predictors of the performance of college students at the end of their 4th year in college. Results indicate that the primary predictors of cumulative college grade point average (GPA) were Scholastic Assessment Test/American College Testing Assessment (SAT/ACT) scores and high school GPA (HSGPA) though biographical data and situational judgment measures added incrementally to this prediction. SAT/ACT scores and HSGPA were collected and used in various ways by participating institutions in the admissions process while situational judgment measures and biodata were collected for research purposes only during the first few weeks of the participating students' freshman year. Alternative outcomes such as a self-report of performance on a range of student performance dimensions and a measure of organizational citizenship behavior, as well as class absenteeism, were best predicted by noncognitive measures. The racial composition of a student body selected with only cognitive measures or both cognitive and noncognitive measures under various levels of selectivity as well as the performance of students admitted under these scenarios is also reported. The authors concluded that both the biodata and situational judgment measures could be useful supplements to cognitive indexes of student potential in college admissions. Keywords: college admissions, selection, noncognitive measures, biodata, situational judgment DOI: 10.1037/a0016810

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) aim to standardize clinical care. Increasingly, hospitals rely on locally produced guidelines alongside national guidance. This study examines variation between national and local CPGs, using the example of acute paediatric asthma guidance from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Methods: Fifteen British and Dutch local CPGs were collected with the matching national guidance for the management of acute asthma in children under 18 years old. The drug sequences, routes and methods of administration recommended for patients with severe asthma and the tone of recommendation across both types of CPGs were schematically represented. Deviations from national guidance were measured. Variation in recommended doses of intravenous salbutamol was examined. CPG quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II. Results: British and Dutch national CPGs differed in the recommended drug choices, sequences, routes and methods of administration for severe asthma. Dutch national guidance was more rigidly defined. Local British CPGs diverged from national guidance for 23% of their recommended interventions compared to 8% for Dutch local CPGs. Five British local guidelines and two Dutch local guidelines differed from national guidance for multiple treatment steps. Variation in second-line recommendations was greater than for first-line recommendations across local CPGs from both countries. Recommended starting doses for salbutamol infusions varied by more than tenfold. The quality of the sampled local CPGs was low across all AGREE II domains. Conclusions: Local CPGs for the management of severe acute paediatric asthma featured substantial variation and frequently diverged from national guidance. Although limited to one condition, this study suggests that unmeasured variation across local CPGs may contribute to variation of care more broadly, with possible effects on healthcare quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coinfection of Strongyloides stercoralis and aspergillus found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with stubborn pulmonary symptoms. Strongyloides stercoralis is responsible for a significant human parasitic infection known as strongyloidiasis. Parasitic larvae in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a non-immunocompromised patient. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may be used as the first-line pathological investigation for evaluation and early diagnosis of the breast lesion. The FNAB helps to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. In the present study, we categorized the breast FNAB cases according to the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System (IACYS) for reporting breast FNAB cytology and to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category. Material and Methods: A retrospective data of breast lesions were retrieved from the archives of pathology department between January 2018 and December 2019. The study got approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Only 123 cases with cytology and histopathological correlation were included in this study. The cytological category was given according to IACYS for reporting breast FNAB cytology. Results: The FNAB results were include as insufficient material 3.25% (4/123), benign 46.34% (57/123), atypical 12.2% (15/123), suspicious for malignancy (SM) 4.88% (6/123), and malignant 33.33% (41/123). The ROM was 50%, 7.27%, 40.0%, 83.33%, and 97.5% for NS, benign, atypical, SM, and malignant, respectively. Conclusion: FNAB is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of breast lesions, especially in financial constrained developing countries like India with limited resources, where practice of core needle biopsy is limited. The 5-tier IACYS for reporting breast FNAB improves the reproducibility of cytology reports across the world and helps in triaging the breast lesion patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypercoagulable and proinflammatory states induced by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) lead to thrombotic and embolic events. In this case report, the authors describe how they successfully managed acute critical limb ischaemia in a patient of COVID-19 illness with severe pulmonary disease and high thrombus burden in the infrapopliteal arteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) is a rare benign tumor of the apocrine gland and is commonly seen at the anogenital region. A 32-year-old post-hysterectomy woman presented with excessive vaginal discharge and itching. Small polypoidal mass was noted at vault. Excision of the lesion was done, and histopathology confirmed HP. The patient is symptom free following excision. This case report highlights the presence of pluripotent cells in the vagina and their differentiation into any cell lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]