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RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a série de dados pluviométricos, sob o aspecto da homogeneidade, no cálculo do Índice de Precipitação Padronizado (IPP) e sua relação com os eventos de El Niño - Oscilação Sul (ENOS), para as regiões fisiográficas do Estado de Alagoas. Para tanto, foram avaliadas séries pluviométricas mensais utilizadas na determinação do IPP obtidas nas estações da Rede Hidrometeorológica da Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste, disponíveis nas bases de dados Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOClim Net) e na Agência Nacional de Águas. Nas avaliações, foram adotados dois critérios para a seleção das séries: i) séries superiores ou iguais a 20 anos e ii) início e fim das séries, a partir de 1960 até 1990. Baseando-se nesses critérios, foram selecionadas 36 estações no Estado de Alagoas, distribuídas nas regiões fisiográficas da Zona da Mata, do Litoral, do Sertão, do Sertão do São Francisco, do Baixo São Francisco e do Agreste. Nas séries selecionadas, foi realizado o preenchimento de falhas por regressão linear e aplicou-se o método do resíduo acumulado para análise de homogeneidade. O IPP foi determinado para as séries não homogeneizadas e homogeneizadas, e posteriormente foi usado para caracterização da severidade da seca nas regiões fisiográficas do Estado de Alagoas. Eventos fortes de ENOS, juntamente com IPP homogeneizados, definem padrões mais realísticos dos períodos úmidos e secos do estado, em comparação aos eventos moderados de ENOS, associados com IPP não homogeneizados.

The aim of this study was to document the impacts of an environmental education program with adolescents and older adults on attitudes about old age, and to investigate possible associations of these attitudes with age group, economic class, residing with grandparents, and grandparents' contribution to parenting. We investigated adolescents between 10 and 11, and between 14 and 15 years old divided into Experimental Group (EG), who participated in three intergenerational workshops at School, and Control Group (CG). The results indicated that younger adolescents had more positive attitudes than older ones and there was an association between a higher frequency of contact with grandparents and more positive attitudes in the Persona domain among 14- to 15-year-olds. There was no association between attitudes and the other variables investigated. At the end of the intervention, all EG adolescents showed more positive attitudes in the cognition domains, and older adolescents in the Agency domain.

This article is an integrative review regarding the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for teaching Dentistry. Thus, the article aimed to analyze papers that show the use of these technologies as resources and tools for learning. The stages in the elaboration of this integrative review were: establishing the guiding question and aims of the study, establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles, defining the research instrument and information to be extracted from the articles selected, results analysis, and discussion. For this, bibliographical data was collected from the SciELO, ColecionaSUS, and Periódicos CAPES databases in the search for articles published in the last five years, written in Portuguese, and containing the following keywords in Health Sciences: "education in dentistry", "dentistry", "dentistry informatics", "distance learning", and "education", and which were related in context to the topic of study. Eleven articles were selected as the results, which were analyzed using the data collection instrument. It was concluded that the current technologies used as teaching resources and tools contribute as allies for improving ways of teaching and learning, particularly in the area of dentistry, in a way that makes courses more interactive and dynamic, and adding personal and technical skills to the profiles of the professionals trained.

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o crescimento das atividades criativas, que fazem interface com o turismo, nas 27 capitais brasileiras e nas cidades criativas reconhecidas pela Organizaçãodas Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura de Santos (SP) e Paraty (RJ). Para tan-to, realizou-se uma aplicação estatística com dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais de 2011 a 2020. Para comparar as potencialidades locais em diferentes períodos, optou-se pelo uso do quociente locacional, shift-share e seu desdobramento Esteban-Marquillas. Os resultados encontrados ilustram que, a partir de 2017, as taxas de encolhimento das atividades criativas foram superiores ao encolhimento das atividades convencionais. O quociente locacional elucida que não houve mudanças estruturais abruptas em termos de concentração espacial das atividades criativas, o shift-share enfatiza o agravamento do encolhimento da economia criativa, coincidindo com os períodos das crises econômicas/institucionais e de distanciamento social derivado da covid-19.

The aim of this study was to develop a material capable of rapidly absorbing bodily fluids and forming a resilient, adhesive, viscoelastic hydrogel in situ to prevent post-surgical adhesions. This material was formulated using O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), and a crosslinking pigment derived from genipin and glutamic acid (G/GluP). Both crosslinked (O-CMCS/OHA-G/GluP) and non-crosslinked hydrogels (O-CMCS/OHA) were evaluated using a HAAKE™ MARS™ rheometer for their potential as post-surgical barriers. A rheological analysis, including dynamic oscillatory measurements, revealed that the crosslinked hydrogels exhibited significantly higher elastic moduli (G′), indicating superior gel formation and mechanical stability compared to non-crosslinked hydrogels. The G/GluP crosslinker enhanced gel stability by increasing the separation between G′ and G″ and achieving a lower loss tangent (tan δ < 1.0), indicating robustness under dynamic physiological conditions. The rapid hydration and gelation properties of the hydrogels underscore their effectiveness as physical barriers. Furthermore, the O-CMCS/OHA-G/GluP hydrogel demonstrated rapid self-healing and efficient application via spraying or spreading, with tissue adherence and viscoelasticity to facilitate movement between tissues and organs, effectively preventing adhesions. Additionally, the hydrogel proved to be both cost effective and scalable, highlighting its potential for clinical applications aimed at preventing post-surgical adhesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The venoarteriolar reflex (VAR) consists of a local vasoconstriction occurring in response to an increase in venous transmural pressure. Its underlying mechanisms, including its impact on contralateral perfusion, still need clarification. In this study we assessed VAR in a group of healthy subjects by performing a unilateral limb dependency procedure. During dependency skin perfusion decreased significantly in both the dependent and the contralateral hands. Cutaneous sympathetic activity increased during dependency and upon returning to the initial position. These results corroborate previous reports that unilateral limb dependency impacts contralateral perfusion and suggest the participation of the sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic activation seems to occur in response to the postural change itself and does not seem to be related to the VAR. The venoarteriolar reflex (VAR) is described as a vasoconstriction occurring in response to an increase in venous transmural pressure. Its underlying mechanisms are still not clarified, particularly the neural pathway that supposedly evokes this reflex. In addition, recent studies have shown that the postural maneuvers that evoke VAR also produce a decrease in contralateral perfusion, which is also poorly understood. Our study aimed to explore the contralateral response to unilateral upper limb dependency and its underlying mechanisms. Fifteen young, healthy subjects (24.1 ± 5.8 y.o.) participated in this study after giving informed consent. While seated, subjects remained for 7 min with both arms at heart level (baseline), after which a random hand was placed 40 cm below the heart level for 5 min (dependency) before resuming the initial position for another 7 min (recovery). Skin perfusion was assessed bilaterally with photoplethysmography, and electrodermal activity (EDA) was assessed in the contralateral hand. During hand dependency, perfusion decreased significantly in both limbs, although it was more pronounced in the dependent limb, corroborating previous reports that unilateral limb dependency evokes a decrease in contralateral perfusion. Transient EDA peaks were detected in the first seconds of the dependency and recovery phases. These results support the participation of the sympathetic nervous system as a mechanism regulating contralateral perfusion during unilateral limb dependency. This sympathetic activation is probably attributed to the postural changes themselves and is likely not related to the VAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee intake is increasingly recognized as a life-style factor associated with the preservation of health, but there is still a debate on the relative effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. We now tested how the regular drinking of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee for 3 weeks impacted on the behavior of male and female adult mice. Males drinking caffeinated coffee displayed statistically significant lower weight gain, increased sensorimotor coordination, greater motivation in the splash test, more struggling in the forced swimming test, faster onset of nest building, more marble burying and greater sociability. Females drinking caffeinated coffee displayed statistically significant increased hierarchy fighting, greater self-care and motivation in the splash test and faster onset of nest building. A post-hoc two-way ANOVA revealed sex-differences in the effects of caffeinated coffee (p values for interaction between the effect of caffeinated coffee and sex) on the hierarchy in the tube test (p = 0.044; dominance), in the time socializing (p = 0.044) and in the latency to grooming (p = 0.048; selfcare), but not in the marble burying test (p = 0.089). Intake of decaffeinated coffee was devoid of effects in males and females. Since caffeine targets adenosine receptors, we verified that caffeinated but not decaffeinated coffee intake increased the density of adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) and increased A1R-mediated tonic inhibition of synaptic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum and ventral but not dorsal hippocampus, the effects being more evident in the ventral hippocampus of females and striatum of males. In contrast, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee both ameliorated the antioxidant status in the frontal cortex. It is concluded that caffeinated coffee increases A1R-mediated inhibition in mood-related areas bolstering wellbeing of both males and females, with increased sociability in males and hierarchy struggling and self-care in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biostatistics is a critical skill to physicians in an evidence-based medicine era, but teaching basic statistical concepts is challenging. Students often experience anxiety caused by the complexity of statistics and might express negative attitudes toward the subject. We aimed to analyze the effect of an introductory biostatistics course using RStudio on attitude toward statistics and assess its acceptance among medical students. Forty-three 1st-year medical students were included. Pre- and post-course attitudes toward statistics were assessed using the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS-28) scale and technology acceptance was assessed by a Technology Acceptance Model scale at the end of the course. There was a statistically discernible (significant) gain in the scores of three of the four SATS dimensions: affection (p = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.442), cognitive competence (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.605), and difficulty (p = 0.008, Cohen's d = 0.421). Acceptance of RStudio was moderate to high in 93% of the participants, without statistical differences between genders. RStudio can be useful in the teaching of statistics to medical students, being well accepted and positively associated with students' attitude toward statistics. Supplementary files for this article are available online.

Analisar o itinerário terapêutico realizado pelas pessoas em situação de rua em um município da região sul do Estado de Mato Grosso. Estudo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa realizado com 15 pessoas em situação de rua. Coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevistas gravadas com aplicação de instrumento semiestruturado em local frequentemente procurado pelos participantes. Definiu-se três núcleos temáticos: “Motivações para o viver na rua”, “As necessidades das pessoas em situação de rua” e “A busca pelo cuidado”, o que possibilitou a análise do percurso das pessoas em situação de rua na procura por assistência e cuidado. Os achados revelam que os percursos realizados pelas pessoas em situação de rua visam a busca por meios de sobrevivência, como alimentação e moradia. Além disso, nota-se que o acesso desses indivíduos aos serviços de saúde é limitado. Portanto, faz-se necessário ações que ampliem o acesso aos serviços de saúde com foco na promoção da saúde, respeitando a singularidade desse grupo populacional e os direitos constitucionais.

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