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The first compact accelerator-based neutron source (CANS) for industrial and healthcare use in Hungary, the ‘LvB’ project, is being installed at the premises of Mirrotron Ltd. at Martonvásár. In the first phase of the operation, a fast neutron spectrum with energies up to 1 MeV is generated by the impact of a 2.5 MeV and 1 mA time-average intensity pulsed proton beam on a Li target. This target is surrounded by a lead reflector and the beam extraction opening faces of a bi-spectral para-H2 and H2O quasi-one-dimensional moderator, to provide cold and thermal neutron beams primarily for applied material investigations by neutron scattering. Recent results of MCNP6.2 simulations of the initial configuration of the ‘LvB’ compact neutron source confirm the expected neutron beam brightnesses to be approx. 107 n/cm2/s/sr/Å time-average at 4 Å neutron wavelength.

Hong Zhou,1,* Xuefeng Ma,1,* Jinghua Pan,2 Hanlin Shuai,1 Shanshan Liu,3 Xin Luo,1 Ruiman Li1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; 3Gynecology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block can provide effective analgesia for abdominal surgery. However, many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown controversial results in hysterectomy. We conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs to investigate the effectiveness of TAP block after hysterectomy.Methods: Studies were gathered from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up to March 2018. RCTs involving TAP blocks in women undergoing hysterectomy were selected. The primary outcome of mean 24 hours morphine consumption and other outcomes, such as time to first request for analgesic, rest, and pain scores on movement at different times, and rates of nausea and vomiting, were compared between TAP block and no or sham block groups.Results: A total of 841 participants were included in the 13 selected RCTs. Compared with no or sham blocks, TAP block reduced mean 24-hour morphine consumption in abdominal hysterectomy (AH) (weighted mean difference [WMD] –10.77 mg, P=0.04) but not in laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH)/robotic-assisted hysterectomy (RH) (WMD –1.39 mg, P=0.24). TAP block in AH prolonged analgesic time and reduced nausea and vomiting rates. TAP block also reduced the postoperative pain score at rest and on movement at different times in the AH subgroup, but it did not significantly reduce the postoperative pain score at rest, 6–8, and 24 hours, as well as the pain score on movement at 2, 6–8, and 24 hours in the LH/RH subgroup.Conclusion: TAP block is an effective analgesic for AH. TAP block can reduce postoperative morphine consumption in AH and pain scores at rest and on movement for AH without increasing side effects. However, TAP block has limited analgesic effects for women undergoing LH/RH, as it does not reduce postoperative morphine consumption and pain scores at rest and on movement. Keywords: TAP block, ultrasound-guided, hysterectomy, meta-analysis, abdominal, laparoscopic

Abstract Background Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop renal cysts and/or angiomyolipomas (AMLs) due to inactive mutations of either TSC1 or TSC2 and consequential mTOR hyperactivation. The molecular events between activated mTOR and renal cysts/AMLs are still largely unknown. Methods The mouse model of TSC-associated renal cysts were constructed by knocking out Tsc2 specifically in renal tubules (Tsc2 f/f; ksp-Cre). We further globally deleted PRAS40 in these mice to investigate the role of PRAS40. Tsc2 −/− cells were used as mTOR activation model cells. Inhibition of DNA methylation was used to increase miR-142-3p expression to examine the effects of miR-142-3p on PRAS40 expression and TSC-associated renal cysts. Results PRAS40, a component of mTOR complex 1, was overexpressed in Tsc2-deleted cell lines and mouse kidneys (Tsc2 f/f; ksp-Cre), which was decreased by mTOR inhibition. mTOR stimulated PRAS40 expression through suppression of miR-142-3p expression. Unleashed PRAS40 was critical to the proliferation of Tsc2 −/− cells and the renal cystogenesis of Tsc2 f/f; ksp-Cre mice. In contrast, inhibition of DNA methylation increased miR-142-3p expression, decreased PRAS40 expression, and hindered cell proliferation and renal cystogenesis. Conclusions Our data suggest that mTOR activation caused by TSC2 deletion increases PRAS40 expression through miR-142-3p repression. PRAS40 depletion or the pharmacological induction of miR-142-3p expression impaired TSC2 deficiency-associated renal cystogenesis. Therefore, harnessing mTOR/miR-142-3p/PRAS40 signaling cascade may mitigate hyperactivated mTOR-related diseases.

Abstract University students are highly vulnerable to experiencing academic burnout due to various pressures, necessitating an exploration of its causes and effects. Time perspective theory emphasizes how individuals' perspectives of past, present, and future events shape their behavior. Yet, the relationship between time perspective, burnout, and academic achievement remains unclear. This study investigates this association in Chinese undergraduates using survey and official grade point average (GPA) data. Results indicate positive correlations between Past-Negative, Present-Hedonistic (PH), Present-Fatalistic time perspectives, and academic burnout. Additionally, only Present-Hedonistic (PH) and future time perspectives significantly predict GPA. A mediation model reveals misbehavior as a mediator between Present-Hedonistic (PH) time perspective and GPA. These findings highlight time perspective’s importance in academic well-being and outcomes, shedding light on the distinct roles of future and Present-Hedonistic time perspectives.

Abstract Tertiary lymphoid structures are immune cell aggregates linked with cancer outcomes, but their interactions with tumour cell aggregates are unclear. Using nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a model, here we analyse single-cell transcriptomes of 343,829 cells from 77 biopsy and blood samples and spatially-resolved transcriptomes of 31,316 spots from 15 tumours to decipher their components and interactions with tumour cell aggregates. We identify essential cell populations in tertiary lymphoid structure, including CXCL13+ cancer-associated fibroblasts, stem-like CXCL13+CD8+ T cells, and B and T follicular helper cells. Our study shows that germinal centre reaction matures plasma cells. These plasma cells intersperse with tumour cell aggregates, promoting apoptosis of EBV-related malignant cells and enhancing immunotherapy response. CXCL13+ cancer-associated fibroblasts promote B cell adhesion and antibody production, activating CXCL13+CD8+ T cells that become exhausted in tumour cell aggregates. Tertiary lymphoid structure-related cell signatures correlate with prognosis and PD-1 blockade response, offering insights for therapeutic strategies in cancers.

Background: Atrophic scarring is a severe form-disfiguring sequela of acne, which can lead to negative effect on patients’ life. Fractional microplasma radiofrequency (RF) has emerged as a promising modality, leveraging dermal fibroblast remodeling to enhance aesthetic results for scars and hyperpigmentation. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of high-power fractional microplasma RF for atrophic acne scars, considering patient tolerance to procedural discomfort. Methods: In this prospective study, 95 Chinese patients with atrophic facial acne scars underwent three sessions of fractional microplasma RF treatment, with assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Patients were categorized based on treatment power: Group A (50-70 W) and Group B (70-85 W). Efficacy was determined by three independent dermatologists using digital photographs and Echelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'Acné (ECCA) scores, and patient-reported outcomes gauged satisfaction levels. Results: Eighty-six patients completed the study. Significant improvements were observed, with a reduction in ECCA scores from 107.21 to 42.27 (P

This is an article in the field of metallurgical engineering, which proposed a new idea of mixing molten blast furnace slag with steel slag to achieve self-pulverization of steel slag, and systematically studied the influence mechanism of special components of CaF2 and CeO2 in blast furnace slag of Baotou Iron and Steel Company on the self-pulverization of steel slags. Using analytically pure CaO, SiO2, CaF2 and CeO2 as starting materials, pure C2S specimens were prepared with n ( CaO ) : n ( SiO2 ) = 2 : 1, then different mass fractions of CaF2 and CeO2 were added, respectively. The effect of CaF2 and CeO2 on the self-pulverization behavior of C2S was investigated by calcining the specimen at 1 450 °C for 1 h and cooling with the furnace. The results showed when CaF2 was incorporated into C2S and the content of CaF2 was less than 2.5%, it had little effect on the self-pulverization of C2S. However, when the content of CaF2 was more than 2.5%, the specimen had different degrees of agglomeration, which affected the self-pulverization of C2S. Considering that excessive CaF2 would affect the environment, the content of CaF2 should be controlled below 2.5%. When CeO2 incorporated into C2S and the content was 0.25%, C2S could still be completely self-pulverized, but when the CeO2 content was more than 0.5%, C2S no longer self-pulverized.Therefore, the CeO2 content must be less than 0.25 %, and the self-pulverization effect of C2S was relatively good.

This paper presents a systematic methodology for analyzing and optimizing an innovative antenna mount designed for phased array antennas, implemented through a novel 2-PSS&1-RR circular-rail parallel mechanism. Initially, a comparative motion analysis between the 3D model of the mount and its full-scale prototype is conducted to validate effectiveness. Given the inherent complexity, a kinematic mapping model is established between the mount and the crank-slider linkage, providing a guiding framework for subsequent analysis and optimization. Guided by this model, feasible inverse and forward solutions are derived, enabling precise identification of stiffness singularities. The concept of singularity distance is thus introduced to reflect the structural stiffness of the mount. Subsequently, also guided by the mapping model, a heuristic algorithm incorporating two backtracking procedures is developed to reduce the mount's mass. Additionally, a parametric finite-element model is employed to explore the relation between singularity distance and structural stiffness. The results indicate a significant reduction (about 16%) in the antenna mount's mass through the developed algorithm, while highlighting the singularity distance as an effective stiffness indicator for this type of antenna mount.

Abstract Sotatercept is a breakthrough, first‐in‐class biologic, that is FDA‐approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was developed using data from two phase 1 studies in healthy participants, and two phase 2 studies and one phase 3 study in participants with PAH. The pooled sotatercept PK data encompassed single intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) doses ranging from 0.01 to 3.0 mg/kg, as well as multiple SC doses ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/kg, with PK samples collected up to a maximum of ~150 weeks following Q3W and Q4W dosing regimens. The final PopPK analysis included 350 participants, with 30 and 320 participants receiving sotatercept IV and SC, respectively. A two‐compartment model with a first‐order absorption rate constant and a linear disposition from central compartment well‐described sotatercept PK. The estimated bioavailability is ~66%; bioavailability, clearance (CL), and central volume (VC) have low to moderate inter‐individual variability. Time‐varying body weight and baseline albumin concentration were statistically significant predictors of PK; CL and VC were predicted to increase with increasing body weight, while CL was predicted to decrease with increasing baseline albumin concentration. However, the magnitude of covariate effects is not predicted to meaningfully alter the disposition of sotatercept. Altogether, the PopPK modeling results demonstrate favorable PK characteristics (low to moderate variability and typical bioavailability), supporting sotatercept as a SC biological agent for the treatment of patients with PAH.

AbstractContext Sepsis can result in critical organ failure, and notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) offers mitochondrial protection.Objective To determine whether NGR1 improves organ function and prognosis after sepsis by protecting mitochondrial quality.Materials and methods A sepsis model was established in C57BL/6 mice using cecum ligation puncture (CLP) and an in vitro model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/mL)-stimulated primary intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (IMVECs) and then determine NGR1’s safe dosage. Groups for each model were: in vivo—a control group, a CLP-induced sepsis group, and a CLP + NGR1 treatment group (30 mg/kg/d for 3 d); in vitro—a control group, a LPS-induced sepsis group, and a LPS + NGR1 treatment group (4 μM for 30 min). NGR1’s effects on survival, intestinal function, mitochondrial quality, and mitochondrial dynamic-related protein (Drp1) were evaluated.Results Sepsis resulted in approximately 60% mortality within 7 days post-CLP, with significant reductions in intestinal microvascular perfusion and increases in vascular leakage. Severe mitochondrial quality imbalance was observed in IMVECs. NGR1 (IC50 is 854.1 μM at 30 min) targeted Drp1, inhibiting mitochondrial translocation, preventing mitochondrial fragmentation and restoring IMVEC morphology and function, thus protecting against intestinal barrier dysfunction, vascular permeability, microcirculatory flow, and improving sepsis prognosis.Discussion and conclusions Drp1-mediated mitochondrial quality imbalance is a potential therapeutic target for sepsis. Small molecule natural drugs like NGR1 targeting Drp1 may offer new directions for organ protection following sepsis. Future research should focus on clinical trials to evaluate NGR1’s efficacy across various patient populations, potentially leading to novel treatments for sepsis.

Abstract The cycling stability of O3‐type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) as a commercial cathode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is still a challenge. In this study, the Ni/Fe/Mn elements are replaced successfully with tantalum (Ta) in the NFM lattice, which generated additional delocalized electrons and enhanced the binding ability between the transition metal and oxygen, resulting in suppressed lattice distortion during charging and discharging. This caused significant mitigation of voltage decay and improved cycle stability within the potential range of 2.0–4.2 V. The optimized Na(Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3)0.97Ta0.03O2 sample achieved a reversible capacity of 162.6 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 0.1 C and 73.2 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 C. Additionally, the average charge/discharge potential retention reached 98% after 100 cycles, significantly mitigating the voltage decay. This work demonstrates a significant contribution towards the practical utilization of NFM cathodes in the SIBs energy storage field.

Abstract Hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a driver of hypertensive vascular remodeling. This study aimed to uncover the mechanism of BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in VSMC growth and hypertensive vascular remodeling. With the help of TargetScan, miRWalk, miRDB, and miRTarBase online database, we identified that BACH1 might be targeted by miR-196a-5p, and overexpressed in VSMCs and aortic tissues from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-196a-5p suppressed VSMC proliferation, oxidative stress and hypertensive vascular remodeling. Double luciferase reporter gene assay and functional verification showed that miR-196a-5p cracked down the transcription and translation of BACH1 in both Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs. Silencing BACH1 mimicked the actions of miR-196a-5p overexpression on attenuating the proliferation and oxidative damage of VSMCs derived from SHRs. Importantly, miR-196a-5p overexpression and BACH1 knockdown cooperatively inhibited VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress in SHRs. Furthermore, miR-196a-5p, if knocked down in SHRs, aggravated hypertension, upregulated BACH1 and promoted VSMC proliferation, all contributing to vascular remodeling. Taken together, targeting miR-196a-5p to downregulate BACH1 may be a promising strategy for retarding VSMC proliferation and hypertensive vascular remodeling.

Abstract Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB) plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune systems, significantly influencing various physiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, and stemness. The function of NF-ĸB in cancer progression and response to chemotherapy has gained increasing attention. This review highlights the role of NF-ĸB in inflammation control, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. NF-ĸB is instrumental in altering the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which are key in the regulation of carcinogenesis. Specifically, in conditions including colitis, NF-ĸB upregulation can intensify inflammation, potentially leading to the development of colorectal cancer. Its pivotal role extends to regulating the tumor microenvironment, impacting components such as macrophages, fibroblasts, T cells, and natural killer cells. This regulation influences tumorigenesis and can dampen anti-tumor immune responses. Additionally, NF-ĸB modulates cell death mechanisms, notably by inhibiting apoptosis and ferroptosis. It also has a dual role in stimulating or suppressing autophagy in various cancers. Beyond these functions, NF-ĸB plays a role in controlling cancer stem cells, fostering angiogenesis, increasing metastatic potential through EMT induction, and reducing tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Given its oncogenic capabilities, research has focused on natural products and small molecule compounds that can suppress NF-ĸB, offering promising avenues for cancer therapy.

The microstructure, phase transformation behavior, heat treatment effects, and their impacts on the mechanical properties and high-temperature oxidation resistance of IN718 nickel-based superalloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) both before and after heat treatment was systematically investigated. The heat treatment process involved a two-step aging at 720 °C for 8 h plus 620 °C for 10 h with a controlled slow cooling rate of 10 °C/min. Through the comprehensive use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the evolution of the microstructure and its mechanism of influence on material properties were revealed. The study identified the formation of γ phase, γ′ phase, γ'' phase, δ phase, and Laves phase during the SLM forming process. Heat treatment played a key role in improving the microstructure and properties of the SLM-processed alloy, with experimental results showing that the mechanical performance and high-temperature oxidation resistance were significantly enhanced after heat treatment. Specifically, the material after heat treatment exhibited a yield strength of 1472 MPa, a tensile strength of 1608 MPa, and an elongation of 9.2%, which represented increases of 76.5%, 38.4%, and 16.5% respectively, compared to the as-printed alloy. Moreover, the oxidation resistance at 1000 °C of the heat-treated samples improved significantly, with weight loss reduced from −0.17 mg/cm2 before heat treatment to −0.15 mg/cm2. Microstructural analysis further indicated that heat treatment optimized the crystal orientation, promoted the formation of more precipitated phases and reduced defects, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the material. This work provides significant scientific insights into understanding and optimizing the IN718 nickel-based superalloy processed by SLM, demonstrating the crucial role of heat treatment in improving its microstructure and properties.

Abstract Accurate differentiation between angina with no obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is crucial for tailored treatment strategies, yet public data scarcity hampers understanding. Given the higher incidence of both conditions in women, this study prospectively enrolled 80 female ANOCA and 39 age-matched female controls, subjecting them to three types of mental stress tasks. ECGs were continuously monitored across Rest, Stress, and Recover stages of the mental stress tasks, with PET/CT imaging during the Stress stage to evaluate myocardial perfusion. With PET/CT serving as the gold standard for MSIMI diagnosis, 35 of the 80 ANOCA patients were diagnosed as MSIMI. Using ECG variables from different stages of mental stress tasks, we developed five machine learning models to diagnose MSIMI. The results showed that ECG data from different stages provide valuable information for MSIMI classification. Additionally, the dataset encompassed demographic details, physiological, and blood sample test results of the patients. We anticipate this new dataset will significantly push further progress in ANOCA and MSIMI research.

Abstract Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has attracted great attention in fluorescent sensors and luminescent materials due to its unique photobiological and photochemical features. However, the current structures are far from meeting the specific demands for ESIPT molecules in different scenarios; the try‐and‐error development method is labor‐intensive and costly. Therefore, it is imperative to devise novel approaches for the exploration of promising ESIPT fluorophores. This research proposes an artificial intelligence approach aiming at exploring ESIPT molecules efficiently. The first high‐quality ESIPT dataset and a multi‐level prediction system are constructed that realized accurate identification of ESIPT molecules from a large number of compounds under a stepwise distinguishing from conventional molecules to fluorescent molecules and then to ESIPT molecules. Furthermore, key structural features that contributed to ESIPT are revealed by using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. Then three strategies are proposed to ensure the ESIPT process while keeping good safety, pharmacokinetic properties, and novel structures. With these strategies, >700 previously unreported ESIPT molecules are screened from a large pool of 570 000 compounds. The ESIPT process and biosafety of optimal molecules are successfully validated by quantitative calculation and experiment. This novel approach is expected to bring a new paradigm for exploring ideal ESIPT molecules.

The Bypass Dual-Throat Nozzle (BDTN) has garnered growing attention due to its remarkable thrust vectoring capabilities. This type of nozzle boasts broad application prospects as it achieves deflection control of the jet stream merely through regulating the opening and closing of bypass channels. Our comprehensive study delves deeply into the intricate parameterization of the bypass channel within the BDTN. Research has demonstrated that utilizing Fluent software in conjunction with the Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model, standard wall functions, and the Sutherland formula for viscosity coefficient approximation can yield a relatively accurate representation of the vector flow field structure within the BDTN. Following the validation of the numerical computation methodology employed in this study, we have investigated the influence of factors such as bypass channel radius, precise valve positioning, and actuation direction on the nozzle's vectoring performance. Key findings indicate that, due to the relatively small proportion of secondary flow, the radius of the bypass channel has minimal impact on the thrust vector angle. The positioning of the valve and its opening direction are critical in determining the thrust vector angle, requiring careful consideration during the design and optimization process. Fully opening the bypass channel does not necessarily yield the maximum thrust vector angle. Moreover, the total pressure, velocity, position, and direction of the secondary flow within the bypass channel exert a more profound influence on the nozzle's vector performance compared to the mere presence of the secondary flow itself. Notably, the forward opening method of the valve emerges as the preferred choice, as it facilitates more precise later vector control.

In Northeast China, permafrost is controlled by a combination of biotic, climatic, physiographic, and anthropogenic factors. Due to the complexity of these governing or influencing factors, it is challenging to exactly describe the features of the Xing’an permafrost in Northeast China. By integrating remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, we have quantified these influencing factors of permafrost changes as an important approach to understanding the nature of latitudinal and mountain permafrost in Northeast China at the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, we combine Geographical Detector (Geodetector) model, trend analysis, and multi-source RS data to quantify the controlling or influencing factors of permafrost thermal state and of permafrost changes, and explain the interactions among permafrost, environment, and climate. The results indicate that, at the regional scale, changes in the thermal state of permafrost are primarily governed or influenced by mean annual land surface temperature (MALST), precipitation, and snow cover duration (SCD). Topographic factors also affect the spatial patterns of permafrost development. Additionally, in the context of climate warming, the insulation effect of snow cover on the permafrost is weakened, or has been weakening. Moreover, the interactive effects among various factors significantly enhance their explanatory power for changes in the thermal state of permafrost. The study emphasizes the complexity of the interactions among permafrost, climate, and the environment, and highlights the significance of understanding these interactions for regional socio-economic development, ecological management, carbon pool stabilization, and research on future climate change in Northeast China.

Mulched drip irrigation (MDI) is generally accepted as a method to decrease soil salinization and improve crop yields in arid and semi-arid regions. However, there remain gaps in how MDI drives soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamic microbial assembly processes with time, and the mediating role of microorganisms remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the aforementioned issues across soil profiles in cotton fields with different years of MDI. The results showed that MDI did not cause the differences in SOC, particular organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) in soil layers. The POC and MOC contents had a parabola relationship with time, and showed an opposite trend in soil. After 15 years of MDI, the ratio of MOC/SOC increased to a peak value of 50 % and 52 % in topsoil and subsoil, respectively; the ratio of POC/SOC decreased to valley values of 50 % and 48 %, respectively (P < 0.05). Long-term MDI reduced the differences in oxidase between soil layers but accelerated SOC loss by increasing polyphenol oxidase activity (P < 0.05). Compared with that of other years, with 10 years of MDI, bacterial Shannon diversity decreased to a valley value, and fungal Shannon diversity reached to a top value in subsoil (P < 0.05). In general, stochastic processes were mainly controlled by dispersal limitation, and undominated processes dominated microbial assembly; however, there was a close relationship between bacterial communities and organic carbon fractions. The high percentage of positive linkages among microorganisms indicated that long-term MDI was beneficial for carbon fixation. Additionally, a decrease of fungal oligotroph/copiotroph ratio, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota was beneficial for the accumulation of SOC and POC in topsoil (P < 0.05). In conclusion, long-term MDI is useful for the fixation of organic carbon via improving soil POC content and strengthening linkages within community assemblies.

The divertor must simultaneously withstand unprecedented high heat fluxes of up to 20 MW/m2 and high-energy neutron irradiation of 14-MeV during fusion reactor operation. Accordingly, it is necessary to simultaneously meet the excellent heat dissipation capacity of the divertor and maintain good material performance in harsh neutron irradiation environments. The flat-type divertor demonstrates better heat transfer performance compared to monoblock divertor. Nevertheless, under the condition of a heat flux of 20 MW/m2, the heat transfer and thermal fatigue performance of flat-type divertor using advanced materials are still unidentified. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of the heat transfer capabilities and thermal fatigue characteristics of potassium-doped tungsten (KW)/Cu/Oxide dispersion strengthened copper (ODS-Cu)/reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) divertor mockup adopts hypervaportron (HV) structure by numerical simulations combined with experiments. The numerical results indicate that the flat-type KW/Cu/ODS-Cu/RAFM divertor mockup expresses excellent heat transfer capacity. The contact area between the edge of the fins and the bottom surface of the ODS-Cu heat sink induces a significant increase in water flow velocity to ∼15 m/s. The peak temperature of loaded KW surface is only ∼985 °C under the flow rate of 5 t/h and inlet temperature of 20 °C. During the high heat flux tests, the prepared flat-type divertor mockup successful endured 1000 cycles of 20 MW/m2 with the peak temperature of 883 °C, and the surface temperature experienced a fluctuation of 2.4 % during the thermal fatigue tests. This study can provide a strong data reference and technical support for the development of fusion reactors, and is of great significance in advancing the commercialization of fusion energy.

Background: Prevention of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and effective medical intervention of persistent HPV infection and precancerous lesions are critical for the prevention of cervical cancer. Aims: The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the outcomes of ALA PDT and observation only in the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). Methods: In PDT Group (n = 138), ALA PDT was applied to patients with colposcopic biopsy confirmed cervical LSIL accompanied with HR-HPV infection longer than 1 year or HPV 16/18 subtype infection. Cervical LSIL only patients received 3 times of ALA PDT and those with concurrent cervical canal or vaginal lesions received 6 times ALA PDT. Control Group (n = 69) received observation only. Colposcopy, TCT and HPV typing were performed before and after treatment. Patients were followed up for up to two years. Result: The observation group showed 26.1%, 34.8% and 53.6% HR-HPV negative conversion at 3-6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. LSIL regression rate of the observation group was 33.33%, 36.23% and 65.22% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. There was 62.32%, 80.56% and 89.22% patients achieved HPV clearance at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after PDT treatment, respectively. The LSIL remission rate was 89.86%, 94.40% and 96.08% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after ALA PDT, respectively. The abnormal TCT (≧ ASCUS) was reduced from 92% to 10.1%, 4.6% and 3.9% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after ALA PDT, respectively. The patient age was not a factor affecting the clearance of HPV infection and the LSIL regression rate of PDT treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the application of multiple ALA PDT treatments has added value in achieving both short-term and long-term HPV and lesion clearance.

Abstract Creating a diverse dipolar microenvironment around the active site is of great significance for the targeted induction of intermediate behaviors to achieve complicated chemical transformations. Herein, an efficient and general strategy is reported to construct hypercross‐linked polymers (HCPs) equipped with tunable dipolar microenvironments by knitting arene monomers together with dipolar functional groups into porous network skeletons. Benefiting from the electron beam irradiation modification technique, the catalytic sites are anchored in an efficient way in the vicinity of the microenvironment, which effectively facilitates the processing of the reactants delivered to the catalytic sites. By varying the composition of the microenvironment scaffold structure, the contact and interaction behavior with the reaction participants can be tuned, thereby affecting the catalytic activity and selectivity. As a result, the framework catalysts produced in this way exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of glycinate esters and indole derivatives. This manipulation is reminiscent of enzymatic catalysis, which adjusts the internal polarity environment and controls the output of products by altering the scaffold structure.

BackgroundMounting evidence suggests a correlation between heavy metals exposure and diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent and irreversible complication of diabetes that can result in blindness. However, studies focusing on the effects of exposure to heavy metals on DR remain scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between heavy metals exposure and DR.MethodsA total of 1,146 diabetics from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018 were included in this study. Heavy metal levels were measured via urine testing. Weighted logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were utilized to investigate the potential relationships between exposure to 10 heavy metals and DR. Finally, subgroup analysis was conducted based on the glycemic control status.ResultsAmong the 1,146 participants, 239 (20.86%) were diagnosed with DR. Those with DR had worse glycemic control and a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease compared to those without DR. Moreover, both the WQS regression and BKMR models demonstrated a positive relationship between exposure to mixed heavy metals and the risk of DR. The results of weighted logistic regression revealed a positive correlation between cobalt (Co) and antimony (Sb) exposure and the risk of DR (OR = 1.489, 95%CI: 1.064–2.082, p = 0.021; OR = 1.475, 95% CI: 1.084–2.008, p = 0.014), while mercury (Hg) exposure was found to promote DR exclusively in the group with good glycemic control (OR = 1.509, 95% CI: 1.157–1.967, p = 0.003). These findings were corroborated by the results of the RCS analysis.ConclusionHeavy metal exposure is associated with an increased risk of DR, especially Sb, Co, and Hg exposure. Nevertheless, well-designed prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.

A simple and affordable plasmonic ELISA platform is demonstrated using silver nanocrystals as chromogens, and nanocatalysts in the place of enzyme. Apart from ultralow detection limitup to 10 molecules of human Immunoglobulin G (2.5 × 10−18 g/1.68 × 10−19 M), we exhibit very broad dynamic range covering 11-log which goes up to 100 × 10−9 g/6.72 × 10−9 M. To achieve this broad dynamic range and highly controlled standard deviation, nanocatalysts were tuned in terms of shape, size, metallic ratio, surface modification and other parameters. A comparative study is also done between traditional chromogen to independently developed new silver chromogen, and among different catalysts. Our results indicate plasmonic ELISA with small size nanocatalysts may become a very powerful detection strategy for biomolecules.

Porous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate icaritin (PTI) scaffold is an ideal alternative for repairing bone defects, but their osteoinductive activity are limited. In this study, we fabricated a MXene (Ti3C2Tx) composite PTI (TPTI) scaffold and evaluated its characterization. We co-cultured the scaffolds with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to access the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the TPTI scaffold under on-demand near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Then TPTI scaffold was implanted in a femoral condyle defect model to evaluate the osteogenic properties by micro-computed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The results of experiments reveal that MPTI scaffold has appropriate spatial structure, suitable mechanical strength, and superior photothermal properties. It can maintain the temperature at 42.0 ± 0.5 °C and promote the release of ICT from scaffold under 0.85 W cm−2 NIR irradiation. Furthermore, the scaffold is biocompatible and could promote cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralization in vitro, as well as the repair of bone defects in vivo, and its effect is further enhanced under NIR irradiation. In conclusion, the MPTI scaffold has the potential to be applied in bone defects repairing, and its osteogenic property can be promoted under NIR irradiation through mild photothermal therapy.

Abstract Background Current cancer therapies often fall short in addressing the complexities of malignancies, underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. RNA interference technology, which specifically suppresses gene expression, offers a promising new approach in the fight against tumors. Recent studies have identified a novel immunostimulatory small-interfering RNA (siRNA) with a unique sequence (sense strand, 5’-C; antisense strand, 3’-GGG) capable of activating the RIG-I/IRF3 signaling pathway. This activation induces the release of type I and III interferons, leading to an effective antiviral immune response. However, this class of immunostimulatory siRNA has not yet been explored in cancer therapy. Methods IsiBCL-2, an innovative immunostimulatory siRNA designed to suppress the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), contains a distinctive motif (sense strand, 5’-C; antisense strand, 3’-GGG). Glioblastoma cells were subjected to 100 nM isiBCL-2 treatment in vitro for 48 h. Morphological changes, cell viability (CCK-8 assay), proliferation (colony formation assay), migration/invasion (scratch test and Transwell assay), apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assess RIG-I and MHC-I molecule levels, and ELISA was utilized to measure the levels of cytokines (IFN-β and CXCL10). In vivo heterogeneous tumor models were established, and the anti-tumor effect of isiBCL-2 was confirmed through intratumoral injection. Results IsiBCL-2 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on glioblastoma cell growth and induced apoptosis. BCL-2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 67.52%. IsiBCL-2 treatment resulted in an apoptotic rate of approximately 51.96%, accompanied by a 71.76% reduction in MMP and a 41.87% increase in ROS accumulation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated increased levels of RIG-I, MAVS, and MHC-I following isiBCL-2 treatment. ELISA tests indicated a significant increase in IFN-β and CXCL10 levels. In vivo studies using nude mice confirmed that isiBCL-2 effectively impeded the growth and progression of glioblastoma tumors. Conclusions This study introduces an innovative method to induce innate signaling by incorporating an immunostimulatory sequence (sense strand, 5’-C; antisense strand, 3’-GGG) into siRNA, resulting in the formation of RNA dimers through Hoogsteen base-pairing. This activation triggers the RIG-I signaling pathway in tumor cells, causing further damage and inducing a potent immune response. This inventive design and application of immunostimulatory siRNA offer a novel perspective on tumor immunotherapy, holding significant implications for the field.

Abstract Objective The diagnosis of hidden hearing loss (HHL) in calm state has not yet been determined, while the nutritional status is not involved in its pathogenic risk factors. In utero iron deficiency (ID) may delay auditory neural maturation in infants. We evaluated the association between ID and HHL as well as the modification effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on this association in newborns. Study design We included 859 mother-newborns from the baseline of this observational northeast cohort. Data on exposure assessment included iron status [maternal hemoglobin (Hb) and neonatal heel prick serum ferritin (SF)] and SES (occupation, education and income). Auditory neural maturation was reflected by auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing and electrocochleography (ECochG). Results Iron status and SES were independently and jointly associated with the prediction of neonatal HHL by logistic and linear regression model. The mediation effects were performed by Process. ID increased absolute latency wave V, interpeak latency (IPL) III-V, and summting potentials (SP) /action potentials (AP), which were combined as HHL. Low SES showed the highest risk of HHL and the highest levels of related parameters in ID newborns. Moreover, after Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were positive, preschool children who experience ID in neonatal period were more likely to suffer from otitis media with effusion (OME). High SES also showed similar risk effects. Conclusion Both low and high SES may strengthen the risk of ID on neonatal HHL in Northeast China.

Introduction This study analyzes the impact of active smoking and secondhand smoke on the ischemic stroke burden of Pakistan, 1990–2019. Methods We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of ischemic stroke-related indicators in Pakistan, including the number of deaths, mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY rates, and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Joinpoint analysis was applied to assess sex-specific temporal trends in the burden of active smoking and secondhand smoke in Pakistan and regions of Pakistan. These assessments incorporated the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and we have made comparative analyses of epidemiological differences between active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. Results The burden of ischemic stroke related to tobacco use is presented in terms of the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and the age-standardized disabilityadjusted life year rate (ASDR) per 100000 population. The results (ASMR/ ASDR) for Pakistan were 6.04/130.81, in the middle SDI region 7.69/176.54, and low-middle SDI region 5.64/124.22. Pakistan’s ASMR is higher than the global average of 5.85, while ASDR is lower than the global average of 140.23. From 1990 to 2019, a downward trend in both ASMR and ASDR was observed, indicating progress in controlling tobacco-related stroke burdens. Individuals aged ≥70 years experienced the highest rates of stroke (ASMR: 66.31; ASDR: 1091.20). Gender disparities were evident: men were more affected by active smoking (ASMR: 3.08; ASDR: 78.47) than women (ASMR: 0.79; ASDR: 20.76), while women faced a higher burden from secondhand smoke (ASMR: 0.66; ASDR: 16.33) compared to men (ASMR: 0.79; ASDR: 9.93). Regional differences within Pakistan show fluctuating death and DALY rates. Notably, an increasing trend in female ASDR due to secondhand smoke in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Region (annual percentage change, APC=0.17 from 2010 to 2019) calls for focused health interventions. Conclusions The study finds ASMR for tobacco-related ischemic stroke in Pakistan exceeds global averages, with significant gender and age disparities in exposure to smoke, highlighting the need for targeted health interventions.

Abstract Background To clarify the value of gait analysis and its consistency with traditional scoring scales for the evaluation of knee joint function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods This study included 25 patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) who underwent bilateral TKA, and 25 conditionally matched healthy individuals, categorised into the experimental and control groups, respectively. Patients in the experimental group underwent gait analysis and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) evaluation before and 1 year after TKA. Weight-bearing balance and walking stability were assessed using discrete trends of relevant gait indicators. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed on the gait and WOMAC score data of the experimental group before and after TKA. Results One year after TKA, patients’ gait indices (except gait cycle) were significantly better than before surgery, but significantly worse than that of the control group (P 80%. The WOMAC scores and gait analysis results were significantly correlated before TKA (P

Abstract Bone defects remain a significant challenge in clinical orthopedics, but no targeted medication can solve these problems. Inspired by inflammatory targeting properties of macrophages, inflammatory microenvironment of bone defects was exploited to develop a multifunctional nanocarrier capable of targeting bone defects and promoting bone regeneration. The avidin-modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-Avidin, BPAvi) were combined with biotin-modified Icaritin (ICT-Biotin, ICTBio) to synthesize Icaritin (ICT)-loaded black phosphorus nanosheets (BPICT). BPICT was then coated with macrophage membranes (MMs) to obtain MMs-camouflaged BPICT (M@BPICT). Herein, MMs allowed BPICT to target bone defects area, and BPICT accelerated the release of phosphate ions (PO4 3−) and ICT when exposed to NIR irradiation. PO4 3− recruited calcium ions (Ca2+) from the microenvironment to produce Ca3(PO4)2, and ICT increased the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins. Additionally, M@BPICT can decrease M1 polarization of macrophage and expression of pro-inflammatory factors to promote osteogenesis. According to the results, M@BPICT provided bone growth factor and bone repair material, modulated inflammatory microenvironment, and activated osteogenesis-related signaling pathways to promote bone regeneration. PTT could significantly enhance these effects. This strategy not only offers a solution to the challenging problem of drug-targeted delivery in bone defects but also expands the biomedical applications of MMs-camouflaged nanocarriers. Graphical Abstract

A designed Mg88.7Ni6.3Y5 hydrogen storage alloy containing 14H type LPSO (long-period stacking ordered) and ternary eutectic structure was prepared by regulating the alloy composition and casting. The hydrogen storage performance of the alloy was improved by adding nano-flower-like TiO2@C catalyst. The decomposition of the LPSO structure during hydrogenation led to the formation of plenty of nanocrystals which provided abundant interphase boundaries and activation sites. The nanoscale TiO2@C catalyst was uniformly dispersed on the surface of alloy particles, and the ''hydrogen overflow'' effect of TiO2@C accelerated the dissociation and diffusion of hydrogen on the surface of the alloy particles. As a result, the in-situ endogenous nanocrystals of the LPSO structure decomposition and the externally added flower-like TiO2@C catalyst uniformly dispersed on the surface of the nanoparticles played a synergistic catalytic role in improving the hydrogen storage performance of the Mg-based alloy. With the addition of the TiO2@C catalyst, the beginning hydrogen desorption temperature was reduced to 200 °C. Furthermore, the saturated hydrogen absorption capacity of the sample was 5.32 wt.%, and it reached 4.25 wt.% H2 in 1 min at 200 °C and 30 bar.

Abstract Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary epithelial malignant tumor with an increasing incidence worldwide. Therefore, further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CCA progression is required to identify new therapeutic targets. Methods The expression of RPL35A in CCA and para-carcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. IP-MS combined with Co-IP identified downstream proteins regulated by RPL35A. Western blot and Co-IP of CHX or MG-132 treated CCA cells were used to verify the regulation of HSPA8 protein by RPL35A. Cell experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice were performed to evaluate the effects of RPL35A and HSPA8 on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration of CCA cells and tumor growth in vivo. Results RPL35A was significantly upregulated in CCA tissues and cells. RPL35A knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCCC-9810 and HUCCT1 cells, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle in G1 phase. HSPA8 was a downstream protein of RPL35A and overexpressed in CCA. RPL35A knockdown impaired HSPA8 protein stability and increased HSPA8 protein ubiquitination levels. RPL35A overexpression promoted CCA cell proliferation and migration. HSPA8 knockdown inhibited CCA cell proliferation and migration, and reversed the promoting effect of RPL35A. Furthermore, RPL35A promoted tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, HSPA8 knockdown suppressed tumor growth, while was able to restore the effects of RPL35A overexpression. Conclusion RPL35A was upregulated in CCA tissues and promoted the progression of CCA by mediating HSPA8 ubiquitination.

Abstract Early detection is critical to achieving improved treatment outcomes for child patients with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Therefore, developing effective CHD detection techniques using low-cost and non-invasive pediatric electrocardiogram are highly desirable. We propose a deep learning approach for CHD detection, CHDdECG, which automatically extracts features from pediatric electrocardiogram and wavelet transformation characteristics, and integrates them with key human-concept features. Developed on 65,869 cases, CHDdECG achieved ROC-AUC of 0.915 and specificity of 0.881 on a real-world test set covering 12,000 cases. Additionally, on two external test sets with 7137 and 8121 cases, the overall ROC-AUC were 0.917 and 0.907 while specificities were 0.937 and 0.907. Notably, CHDdECG surpassed cardiologists in CHD detection performance comparison, and feature importance scores suggested greater influence of automatically extracted electrocardiogram features on CHD detection compared with human-concept features, implying that CHDdECG may grasp some knowledge beyond human cognition. Our study directly impacts CHD detection with pediatric electrocardiogram and demonstrates the potential of pediatric electrocardiogram for broader benefits.

This study investigates the phase evolution and enrichment mechanism of the cementitious materials in a blend of blast furnace (BF) and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags. Theoretical calculations reveal that there is an optimal modification temperature range of 1400–1550 °C, which is crucial for the transformation of the slag constituents. At lower temperatures (500–850 °C), the addition of BF slag reduces the proportion of calcium iron oxide (Ca2Fe2O5, C2F) and promotes the formation of merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8, C3MS2). At higher temperatures (850–1450 °C), the addition of BF slag decreases the free CaO content, enhancing the stability of the modified slag. The presence of the dicalcium silicate and tricalcium phosphate complex (α-Ca2SiO4–Ca3(PO4)2, α-C2S-C3P), dicalcium ferrite (C2F), and magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) in the modified slag facilitates the creation of dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) and C3MS2 phases, which improve the stability of the slag and increase the amount of cementitious active materials, indirectly reducing crushing costs. Experimental results indicate that excessive BF slag content results in the over formation of gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7, C2AS) and C3MS2, potentially affecting the cementitious active material proportion. Insufficient BF slag does not fully utilize its CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3 for enhancing the BOF slag stability and increasing the cementitious material content. A BF slag content of approximately 30 % optimally consumes free CaO, promotes C2S formation, and enhances the stability of the modified slag. This research highlights the crucial role of the temperature and BF slag content in the phase evolution and cementitious potential of BF-modified BOF slags, providing guidelines for optimized utilization in construction materials.

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the bending behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams damaged by overheight vehicle impact strengthened with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Four-point bending tests were conducted on one RC T-beam and six UHPC-strengthened RC T-beams, and the primary parameters included the length and thickness of the UHPC strengthening layer, as well as the filling area of UHPC for the damaged region. The test results demonstrated that the UHPC strengthening layer effectively delayed the development of concrete cracks, improved the bending stiffness, cracking load, and resistance of the T-beams. The UHPC-strengthened T-beams exhibited an increase in cracking and ultimate loads by 39–339 % and 26–113 %, respectively, compared to the RC T-beam. Subsequently, a finite element (FE) model of the UHPC-strengthened T-beams was developed and validated using the experimental results. A parametric study using the validated FE model was conducted, revealing that insufficient strengthened length or excessive strengthened thickness of the UHPC layer increased the risk of debonding failure. Furthermore, for T-beams experiencing bending failure, increasing the thickness and height of the UHPC layer, as well as the UHPC filling area for the damaged region, significantly improved the bending resistance, while the UHPC layer length had little effect on the bending resistance. Finally, based on the calculation theory of RC beams under bending loads and considering the strain-hardening behaviour of UHPC in tension, a design method for the bending resistance of damaged RC T-beams strengthened with UHPC was proposed and verified using the experimental and numerical results.

FK506-binding protein 9 (FKBP9) is involved in tumor malignancy by resistance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the up-regulation of FKBP9 is associated with patients' poor prognosis. The current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is still limited. One previous study showed that FKBP9 could confer glioblastoma cell resistance to ER stress through ASK1-p38 signaling. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism of FKBP9 expression is still indistinct. In this study, we identified the FKBP9 binding proteins using co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. Results showed that FKBP9 interacted with the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP). BiP bound directly to FKBP9 with high affinity. BiP prolonged the half-life of the FKBP9 protein and stabilized the FKBP9 protein. BiP and FKBP9 protein levels were positively correlated in patients with glioma, and patients with high expression of BiP and FKBP9 showed a worse prognosis. Further studies showed that FKBP9 knockout in genetically engineered mice inhibited intracranial glioblastoma formation and prolonged survival by decreasing cellular proliferation and ER stress-induced CHOP-related apoptosis. Moreover, normal cells may depend less on FKBP9, as shown by the absence of apoptosis upon FKBP9 knockdown in a non-transformed human cell line and overall normal development in homozygous knockout mice. These findings suggest an important role of BiP-regulated FKBP9-associated signaling in glioma progression and the BiP–FKBP9 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for glioma.

Abstract The development of ultrasonic‐guided wave sensors is of great significance for structural health monitoring (SHM). In this work, a shear horizontal (SH) ultrasonic guided wave sensor based on the Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 (CTGS) piezoelectric single crystal is demonstrated. The findings reveal that the CTGS‐based ultrasonic guided wave sensor is proficient in transmitting and receiving pure fundamental SH wave (SH0 wave) along two orthogonal main directions (0° and 90°) over a wide frequency range (100–350 kHz), exhibiting strong response to the SH0 wave. Under the driving voltage of 100 V, the peak‐to‐peak values of the sensor output are 110.8 and 8.0 mV at room temperature and high temperature of 600 °C, respectively. Additionally, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the CTGS‐based SH0 sensor is evaluated to be >18.9 dB even at the elevated temperature of 600 °C. Moreover, the CTGS‐based SH0 sensor showcases its reasonable defect localization ability at temperatures up to 600 °C, demonstrating its great potential for application in the high temperature in‐situ SHM.

Many current urban waterlogging emergency scenario constructions overlook the factors that influence users’ concerns, rendering the resulting scenarios less adaptable to various user types and hindering efficient comprehension of waterlogging risks. The objective of this study is to link user concerns with elements of waterlogging emergency scenarios and then proposes a model accommodating various user groups to enhance scenario applicability. Initially, we established a user classification system for urban waterlogging emergencies. Subsequently, we extracted relevant topic keywords from social media and emergency plans, aligning them with different user groups to address their specific concerns. Additionally, we expanded the geographical elements (time, location, people, things, events, and phenomena) of the scenario to encompass its constituent components. Utilising domain ontology, we developed a mapping model between user concerns and scenario elements. Finally, this study employed both prototype system development and questionnaire validation to assess the efficacy of the user model. The validation for mean values, include Accuracy 0.923, Completeness 0.945, Satisfaction 0.879, and model’s effectiveness is 91.7 %. The results indicate that the model has high reliability and could effectively expand the user universality of urban waterlogging emergency scenarios.

To improve the flexural performance of damaged reinforced concrete T-beams, a method of filling ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in the damaged area was adopted. Experimental studies were conducted on two UHPC-reinforced concrete T-beams with different lengths of damaged areas and one undamaged concrete T-beam as a reference. Crack distribution, failure modes, cracking loads, flexural capacities, and strain variation of the specimens were analyzed. Subsequently, a nonlinear finite element (FE) model of the UHPC-reinforced T-beam was developed using ABAQUS, and the FE model results were compared with the experimental results to validate the accuracy of the FE simulation method. The results indicated that the two UHPC-reinforced T-beams exhibited a similar flexural failure process to the undamaged T-beam. The longitudinal tensile strain distribution at the mid-span section showed that the composite section formed by the filling of UHPC in the damaged region still adhered the assumption of the planar section. Owing to the excellent bond performance between UHPC and the existing concrete, the main cracks of the UHPC-reinforced T-beams appeared in the chiseled area, and the crack widths of the UHPC-reinforced T-beams under the same load were smaller than those of the reference T-beam. Overall, the reinforcing method of filling UHPC in the damaged region can restore or even enhance the flexural performance of the damaged reinforced concrete T-beams.

Background: Estrogen-containing hormonal contraception (HC) is a well-established risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Women with sickle cell disease (SCD) also have an increased risk of VTE. However, it is unknown if exposure to HC exacerbates the risk of VTE in women with SCD. Objectives: Assess the impact of HC on VTE risk in women with SCD and explore additional risk factors contributing to VTE development. Methods: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) with SCD at the University of North Carolina from 2010 to 2022. Results: We identified 370 women with SCD, and 93 (25.1%) had a history of VTE. Among 219 women exposed to HC, 38 of 184 (20.6%) had a VTE while actively using HC, whereas 20 of 151 (13.2%) women never exposed to HC had a VTE. Of the patients exposed to HC, 64 of 184 (34.7%) were on estrogen-containing HC, with 120 of 184 (65.3%) using progestin-only formulations. Cox regression analysis found that progestin-only formulations increased VTE risk (hazard ratio: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.107-3.726, P < .05). However, when accounting for disease severity, the association between progestin-only treatment and VTE risk was not significant. Indeed, a nuanced analysis revealed that both severe (odds ratio: 11.79; 95% CI: 5.14-27.06; P < .001) and moderate (odds ratio: 4.37; 95% CI: 1.77-10.76; P = .001) disease increased risk compared with mild disease. Neither genotype nor hydroxyurea use influenced VTE risk. Conclusion: Overall, we found that increased thrombotic risk is more likely influenced by disease status than HC exposure and should play a role in shared decision-making with patients.

With the increase of extreme weather events such as cold waves, power transmission line icing has become more and more severe, affecting the safe and stable operation of power systems. Thus, icing prediction has become crucial for power grids. In this study, we collect multi-source data including the historical observations of meteorological elements and transmission line icing in Sichuan during 2017–2019, and develop an artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence)-based integrated model to achieve icing thickness prediction according to meteorological elements. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the three-dimensional variational data assimilation method, we analyze the weather conditions in Sichuan of China during the 2020 winter, and obtain the high-precision meteorological element fields that are related to icing prediction. The forecasted meteorological elements are then combined with the AI-based integrated model to predict icing conditions, assisting in the warning of transmission line icing. The results indicate that the AI-based integrated model displays superior performance on the accurate prediction of icing thickness in the test set, with only two samples having prediction errors of more than 3 mm. Data assimilation can effectively improve the forecast accuracy of meteorological elements near icing observation stations and thus enhance the accuracy of icing thickness prediction. In particular, icing thickness prediction is remarkably improved at Gaoqiao, Laolinkou and Erlangshan stations.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations and prognosis of lung transplant (LTx) recipients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsThe research participants were LTx recipients who underwent surgery and were regularly followed up at our center. From 1 December 2022 to 28 February 2023, during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, research participants were interviewed either online or in person. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or self-tested antigens were detected according to accessibility. Diagnosis and treatment were performed according to the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for COVID-19 (10th edition) issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Hospitalized patients underwent chest imaging examinations, routine blood tests, biomarkers for infection and inflammation, and biochemical tests, all of which were taken and recorded. Data were analyzed to describe the features of COVID-19 in LTx recipients.ResultsIn total, 52 patients were enrolled in this study, comprising 48 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 51.71 ± 11.67 years. By 1 December 2022, the mean survival period was 33.87 ± 25.97 months, of which 84.61% of the patients (44/52) had a survival period longer than 12 months. The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in these LTx recipients was 82.69% (43/52), with 3.85% (2/52) of the infected recipients being asymptomatic, 50.00% (26/52) of the infected recipients experiencing mild COVID-19, 11.54% (6/52) having moderate COVID-19, and 17.31% (9/52) having severe or critical COVID-19. The mortality rate among severe and critical patients was 66.67% (6/9).ConclusionLTx recipients in this cohort exhibited a notable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, with 82.69% of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Moreover, the mortality rate among critically ill patients was high.

Fresh ginseng has a high moisture content and is easy to be deteriorated, thus an effective drying method is needed. Infrared drying is known as low energy consumption, and high heat transfer, thus the far infrared (FIR) and near infrared (NIR) drying characteristics of ginseng were investigated and compared. Influences of infrared temperature, radiation distance, and slice thickness on the drying kinetics, specific energy consumption, color change and rehydration ratio were analyzed. Results indicated that the drying rate of ginseng increased with increasing infrared temperature and decreasing radiation distance and slice thickness. The drying time under FIR was shortened by 33.3%, 25% and 20% at 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C compared to that under NIR, indicating that the drying efficiency of FIR was superior to that of NIR and with the decrease of temperature, this improvement became more obvious. The specific energy consumption can be reduced by up to 40% under FIR and the infrared drying was much more energy-efficient than hot air drying, with an energy reduction by up to 51.1%. Optimization of FIR drying showed that the optimal conditions were at a drying temperature of 50 °C, a slice thickness of 2 mm and a radiation distance of the 4th layer.

Summary: Background: Cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) is an essential signature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but its molecular mechanism and pathological significance remain elusive. Methods: Enabled by the label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, which integrated stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with confocal Raman spectroscopy on the same platform, we quantitatively analyzed LD distribution and composition at the single cell level in intact ccRCC cell and tissue specimens in situ without any processing or exogenous labeling. Since we found that commonly used ccRCC cell lines actually did not show the CE-rich signature, primary cancer cells were isolated from human tissues to retain the lipid signature of ccRCC with CE level as high as the original tissue, which offers a preferable cell model for the study of cholesterol metabolism in ccRCC. Moreover, we established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model that retained the CE-rich phenotype of human ccRCC. Findings: Surprisingly, our results revealed that CE accumulation was induced by tumor suppressor VHL mutation, the most common mutation of ccRCC. Moreover, VHL mutation was found to promote CE accumulation by upregulating HIFα and subsequent PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBPs pathway. Inspiringly, inhibition of cholesterol esterification remarkably suppressed ccRCC aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo with negligible toxicity, through the reduced membrane cholesterol-mediated downregulations of integrin and MAPK signaling pathways. Interpretation: Collectively, our study improves current understanding of the role of CE accumulation in ccRCC and opens up new opportunities for treatment. Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U23B2046 and No. 62027824), National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFC2415500), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. YWF-22-L-547), PKU-Baidu Fund (No. 2020BD033), Peking University First Hospital Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation Incubation Guidance Fund (No. 2022CX02), and Beijing Municipal Health Commission (No. 2020-2Z-40713).

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common malignant tumor originating from interstitial cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Different grades require various surgical interventions and adjuvant treatments, which are closely linked to the patient’s prognosis. The current clinical risk stratification method relies heavily on the identification and counting of mitotic figures, which serve as important criteria. However, manual evaluation of pathological slides in clinical practice is often limited by the shortage of experienced clinicians and the subjectivity in interpreting results. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an enhanced YOLOv8 network framework for the automatic detection of mitotic cells in GIST. We substituted the backbone network with VanillaNet, known for its simplified model complexity in feature extraction. This change facilitated the identification of specific targets and improved network performance. Additionally, we introduced the Advanced Feature Pyramid Network (AFPN) to further enhance the model’s accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 0.816, a recall rate of 0.858, and an F1-score of 0.837 on the test dataset. It demonstrates superior efficacy in identifying mitotic cells, outperforming the original YOLOv8 model in overall performance. This augmented model has the potential to significantly reduce reading time while ensuring consistent diagnostic results, thereby greatly improving diagnostic efficiency. Future large-scale validation is necessary for the clinical adoption of this model.