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Alessandro Gialluisi,1 Federica Santonastaso,2 Marialaura Bonaccio,1 Francesca Bracone,1 Nitin Shivappa,3,4 James R Hebert,3,4 Chiara Cerletti,1 Maria Benedetta Donati,1 Giovanni de Gaetano,1 Licia Iacoviello1,2 On behalf of the Moli-sani Investigators1Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; 2Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; 3Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; 4Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USACorrespondence: Alessandro GialluisiDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell´Elettronica, 86077, Pozzilli, ItalyTel +390865915244Email alessandro.gialluisi@gmail.comBackground: Depression is a mood disorder characterized by a high rate of resistance to pharmacological treatments, which has often been linked to chronic inflammation. This can be influenced by different environmental factors, in particular pro-inflammatory diets. However, a mediating role of circulating inflammation has never been observed.Aim: To test the association between a dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and continuous depressive symptoms (adapted version of PHQ9) in an Italian population cohort (N=13,301), along with potential explanatory effect of a composite index (INFLA-score) based on four circulating inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein, granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet and white blood cell counts.Results: Significant positive associations were observed between DII and total depressive symptoms (standardized β (SE) = 0.038 (0.005), p < 0.001), and with two factors tagging somatic (0.012 (0.003), p < 0.001) and cognitive symptoms (0.012 (0.003), p < 0.001), after adjustment for different potential confounders (socioeconomic status, chronic health conditions and lifestyles). These associations were about twice as strong in women than in men. INFLA-score explained a small but significant proportion of the association with total depressive symptoms (0.90– 2.30%, p < 0.05), which was mainly driven by granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (1.18– 1.65%). This effect was even stronger for the somatic (2.66– 4.66%) but not for the cognitive factor (0%).Conclusion: These findings support a strong link between inflammatory diet and depression, especially with somatic symptoms and within women. Moreover, they provide novel evidence for a potential explanatory role of circulating inflammation in this association, suggesting new paths for prevention and treatment of major and atypical depression.Keywords: dietary inflammatory index, depressive symptoms, atypical depression, circulating inflammation, granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, white blood cells

Wen Chen,1 Mo’ez Al-Islam E Faris,2 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,3 Haifa MS AlGahtani,4,5 Zahra Saif,6 Ahmed Jahrami,7 Nitin Shivappa,8,9 James R Hebert,8,9 Haitham Jahrami4,6 1Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, 361000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 3Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; 4College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; 5Renewal and Reward Center, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 6Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain; 7Bahraini Association for Intellectual Disabilities and Autism, Sanad, Bahrain; 8Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; 9Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USACorrespondence: Haitham JahramiMinistry of Health, PO Box 12, Manama, BahrainTel +973 17286334Fax +973 17286335Email hjahrami@health.gov.bhPurpose: This case-control study aimed to examine the association between the inflammation potential of the diet and depression.Patients and Methods: Ninety-six patients with major depression disorder were matched with 96 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) scores were calculated based on the participants’ responses to a detailed nutritional assessment using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Descriptive results were reported. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with E-DII scores and depression adjusting for covariates including age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, level of education, and employment.Results: The mean E-DII score of participants in the study was 1.32± 1.08, indicating a generally pro-inflammatory diet. Patients with depression had elevated E-DII scores compared to age- and sex-matched controls with E-DII scores of 1.72± 1.09 vs 0.90± 0.90, respectively (P=0.001). Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with depression were nearly three times more likely to be in the extreme ends of pro-inflammatory diet (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.82– 4.15).Conclusion: Adult Bahraini patients with depression have higher dietary inflammation potential compared to the general population controls. Further research is needed to confirm these results and provide effective interventions to reduce the burden of this dietary inflammation.Keywords: inflammation, depression, case-control study, mental health, Arabian population groups

Purpose: Many dietary factors have either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. We previously developed a dietary inflammatory index (DII) to assess the inflammatory potential of diet. In this study, we conducted a construct validation of the DII based on data from a food frequency questionnaire and three inflammatory biomarkers in a subsample of 2567 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Methods: We used multiple linear and logistic regression models, controlling for potential confounders, to test whether baseline DII predicted concentrations of interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2, or an overall biomarker score combining all three inflammatory biomarkers. Results: The DII was associated with the four biomarkers with beta estimates (95% confidence interval) comparing the highest with lowest DII quintiles as follows: interleukin-6: 1.26 (1.15-1.38), Ptrend < .0001; tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2: 81.43 (19.15-143.71), Ptrend=.004; dichotomized hs-CRP (odds ratio for higher vs. lower hs-CRP): 1.30 (0.97-1.67), Ptrend=.34; and the combined inflammatory biomarker score: 0.26 (0.12-0.40), Ptrend=.0001. Conclusions: The DII was significantly associated with inflammatory biomarkers. Construct validity of the DII indicates its utility for assessing the inflammatory potential of diet and for expanding its use to include associations with common chronic diseases in future studies.

Background/Objectives: To examine the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in adult Americans. Subjects/Method: The United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants during 2005-2010 were included if they had measured data on dietary intake and BMD. DII scores were calculated from estimated micro- and macronutrients from a single 24-h dietary recall. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometers. Risk of fractures was obtained from participant self-report (ever) based on doctor information. Analyze of covariance and [chi].sup.2-tests were employed, while accounting for the complex survey design. Results: A total of 18 318 participants were included, with 51.3% (9397) being men. Age, sex, race, physical activity, smoking, C-reactive protein and body mass index-adjusted mean BMD (g/cm.sup.2) in different bodily sites significantly decreased across increasing quarters of the DII (all P Conclusions: The current study provides evidence suggesting a potential adverse effect of pro-inflammatory diet on bone health; which may have implications for dietary approaches for those with history of abnormal bone health complications., Author(s): M Mazidi [sup.1] [sup.2] , N Shivappa [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , M D Wirth [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , J R Hebert [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , H Vatanparast [sup.6] , [...]

Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania sesban and Sesbania grandiflora Linn is a member of family Fabaceae spread over several countries in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania drummondii, Sesbania rostrata and Sesbania speciosa are other members of this family. The objective of this study is macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, chemical characterisation, extraction and in-vitro antioxidant study of phytoactive extracts. Organoleptic characters, extra feature and macroscopical details of all parts of plant were carried out. The powder of leaves of Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania sesban and Sesbania grandiflora leaves was subjected to evaluate its foreign organic matter, moisture content, total ash value, water-soluble ash value, acid-insoluble ash value, water-soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value. The n-butanol extracts of Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania sesban and Sesbania grandiflora leaves were subjected to TLC with a suitable solvent system for better separation of the components. TLC observations extracts confirms different secondary metabolites like flavonoids, Glycoside, tannins, saponins and phenolic compounds. Moreover, the TLC of flavonoid, saponins and glycosides was well resolved and indicated the presence in a higher amount. For the phytoactive extracts in-vitro antioxidant study was studied and found to be showed a good activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to develop and validate an RP HPLC technique for estimating Celecoxib in both bulk and pharmaceutical dose forms. A thorough review of the literature found that there are ways available, but none of them are as straightforward, specific, exact, or accurate as the established approach for estimating Celecoxib. The chromatographic separation was obtained utilising an isocratic mode of elution on a Thermo Scientific Separation HPLC with a stationary phase of Lichro CART 250-4 (Lichrospher 100) -- RP 18e -- (5 m) column and a mobile phase of Methanol: Water. A UV detector set to 236.0nm was used for detection. According to ICH criteria, the devised approach was validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) scores are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the effects of DII on mortality in Mediterranean countries. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between DII scores and overall, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in people living in a Mediterranean area. Methods: DII scores were calculated using a validated food‐frequency questionnaire. DII scores were then categorised into tertiles. Mortality was ascertained via death certificates. The association between DII scores with overall and cause‐specific mortality was assessed via a multivariable Cox's regression analysis and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The study included 1565 participants (mean age 65.5 years; females 44.7%). After a median follow‐up of 12 years (2005–2017), 366 (23.4%) participants died. After adjusting for 17 potential confounders, people with higher DII scores had an increased risk of death compared to those in the lowest (most anti‐inflammatory) tertile (HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.04–1.82 for the second tertile; HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03–1.86 for the third tertile). Each 1 SD increase in DII score increased the risk of death by 13%. No association was found between DII scores and cancer or CVD death when considered separately. Conclusions: Higher DII scores were associated with a significantly higher mortality risk, whereas the association with cause‐specific mortality was less clear. These findings highlight the potential importance of diet in modulating inflammation and preventing death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and diet is suspected to play a role in its development. Dietary factors may mediate this process through modulation of inflammation, though findings from previous studies have not been consistent. We aimed to longitudinally assess the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®), a frequently used method to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet, and incident BC. We included 10,713 middle-aged, Spanish female university graduates from the SUN cohort. DII® scores were derived from a validated 136-item food-frequency questionnaire, and it was based on scientific evidence on the relationship between diet and inflammatory biomarkers. Diagnosis of BC was reported by the participant or, if deceased, by the next of kin or identified from death certificates. Self-reports of BC were confirmed by revision of medical reports by an experienced oncologist. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between quartiles of DII® and incident BC. After 10.3 years of median follow-up, we identified 100 confirmed and 168 probable incident BC cases. The multivariable-adjusted HR for participants in the 4th quartile to the 1st quartile was 1.44 (95% CI 0.76–2.72; p-trend: 0.339) when confirmed cases were analyzed, and 1.20 (95% CI 0.72–1.99; p-trend: 0.757) for the probable cases. We neither observed statistically significant differences in regard to menopausal status. The apparent increase in risk between DII® scores and BC in our cohort was not statistically significant, which could be partly explained by the small number of observed cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Dietary patterns are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to examine associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) with total, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study; and compare the strengths of the associations.Methods and Results: In our prospective cohort study of 41,513 men and women aged 40-69 years, a food frequency questionnaire was completed at baseline and mortality data were obtained via linkage with local and national registries over an average of 19 years follow up. At baseline, questionnaires were completed and physical measures and blood samples taken. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, alcohol consumption, sex, region of origin, personal history of CVD or diabetes and family history of CVD, were used to assess associations between dietary scores and mortality. More Mediterranean or less inflammatory diets were associated with lower total, CVD and CHD mortality. The hazard ratio for total mortality comparing the highest and lowest quintiles was 1.16 (95%CI: 1.08-1.24) for DII; and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.80-0.93) comparing the highest and lowest three categories of MDS. Using the Bayesian information criterion, there was no evidence that the DII score was more strongly associated with total and CVD mortality than was the MDS.Conclusions: The MDI and the DII show similar associations with total and cardiovascular mortality, consistent with the consensus that plant-based diets are beneficial for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Limited information exists regarding the association between early‐life diet and cardiometabolic risk. Objectives: Examine associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) in pregnancy and early childhood (3–5 years) with adiposity, blood pressure and metabolic markers in mid‐childhood (6–10 years). Methods: Among 992 mother–child pairs from Project Viva, a pre‐birth cohort, we examined associations of DII scores with outcomes using multivariable linear regression adjusted for child age and sex and maternal age, BMI, education, parity, smoking, race and income. Results: Mean (SD) maternal DII in pregnancy was −2.6(1.4) units and in child DII in early childhood was 0.3(0.7). Mean mid‐childhood BMI z‐score was 0.40(0.98) units. In boys only, DII in early childhood was associated with higher BMIz (adjusted β = 0.16 units per unit DII, 95%CI 0.02, 0.29), waist circumference (0.93 cm; −0.07, 1.92) and skin fold thicknesses (1.12 mm; 0.01, 2.23). Dietary inflammatory index in the highest quartiles during both pregnancy and in early childhood, compared to the lowest quartiles, was associated with higher waist circumference (2.4 cm; 0.14, 4.6) in all children, and BMIz in boys (0.78 units; 0.34, 1.22). Associations with BP and metabolic markers were null. Conclusions: A pro‐inflammatory diet in pregnancy and early childhood may promote the development of adiposity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, during 8 years of follow-up, we reported that higher dietary inflammatory index values were associated with a higher risk of incident fractures in women, but not in men, after adjusting for potential confounders. Introduction: Inflammation is a key risk factor for many adverse outcomes in older people. While diet is a potential source of inflammation, little is known about the impact of inflammatory diet on fractures. Thus, we investigated whether higher Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)™ ® scores are associated with fractures in a cohort of North American people. Methods: This longitudinal study with a follow-up of 8 years included 3648 participants (1577 males and 2071 females; mean age = 60.6 years) with/at risk of knee osteoarthritis participating with in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. DII scores were calculated using the validated Block Brief 2000 Food Frequency Questionnaire, categorized into sex-specific quintiles. Information on fractures was obtained through self-reported history of fractures at hip, spine, and forearm. The relationship between baseline DII score and incident fracture was assessed through a Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential baseline confounders, and reported as hazard ratios (HRs). Results: During 8 years of follow-up, 560 individuals developed fractures (15.4%). Adjusting for 10 potential confounders, women in the highest DII score quintile (i.e., most pro-inflammatory diet) had a significantly higher risk for fractures (HR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.02-2.11) compared to women in the lowest quintile. An increase in one standard deviation of DII scores significantly predicted fracture onset in women (adjusted HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.02-1.27). The association between DII score and fractures was not significant among men or in the sample as whole. Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher incidence of fractures in women but not men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: A pro-inflammatory diet is thought to lead to hypertension through oxidative stress and vessel wall inflammation. We therefore investigated the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and developing hypertension in a population-based cohort of middle-aged women.Methods and Results: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health included 7169 Australian women, aged 52 years (SD 1 year) at baseline in 2001, who were followed up through 4 surveys until 2013. The DII, a literature-derived dietary index that has been validated against several inflammatory markers, was calculated based on data collected via a validated food-frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. Hypertension was defined as new onset of doctor-diagnosed hypertension, ascertained through self-report between 2001 and 2013. Generalised Estimating Equation analyses were used to investigate the association between the DII and incident hypertension. The analyses were adjusted for demographic and hypertension risk factors. During 12-years follow-up we identified 1680 incident cases of hypertension. A more pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher risk of hypertension in dichotomised analyses with an ORfully adjusted of 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.45.Conclusion: A pro-inflammatory diet might lead to a higher risk of developing hypertension. These results need to be replicated in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No studies have evaluated the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and colorectal adenoma recurrence. DII scores were calculated from a baseline food frequency questionnaire. Participants (n = 1727) were 40–80 years of age, enrolled in two Phase III clinical trials, who had ≥1 colorectal adenoma(s) removed within 6 months of study registration, and a follow-up colonoscopy during the trial. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). No statistically significant associations were found between DII and odds of colorectal adenoma recurrence [ORs (95% CIs) = 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) and 0.95 (0.73, 1.22)] for subjects in the second and third DII tertiles, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertile (Ptrend = 0.72). No associations were found for recurrent colorectal adenoma characteristics, including advanced recurrent adenomas, large size, villous histology, or anatomic location. While our study did not support an association between a proinflammatory diet and colorectal adenoma recurrence, future studies are warranted to elucidate the role of a proinflammatory diet on the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The prevention of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is of major concern and nutrition has been shown to modulate at least partly MetS risk. Our objective was to investigate whether a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a higher risk of MetS and its components in a large cohort of French adults.Methods and Results: A total of 3726 participants from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort were included in this study. The MetS status was identified at baseline and after 13 years of follow-up using self-reported medication, data from clinical investigations and biological measurements. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was computed using repeated 24 h-dietary records (n = 10.1 ± 3.1). Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the prospective association of the DII (as Q, quartiles) with the incidence of MetS and with the traits contributing to the MetS-definition (blood pressure, glycaemia, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference). A diet with pro-inflammatory properties, as expressed by higher DII scores, was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing the MetS (OR comparing Q4 to Q1: 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.92, P = 0.047). Moreover, higher DII scores were associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Ptrend across quartiles = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively) and triglycerides (Ptrend = 0.01), and with lower HDL-cholesterol (Ptrend = 0.03).Conclusion: A higher DII score was prospectively associated with a higher risk of MetS, with associations with blood pressure, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Promotion of a healthy diet exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to prevent cardio-metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are usually resource constrained, and where the sensor nodes have limited bandwidth, energy, processing power, and memory. Hence, resource mapping is required in a WMSN, which is based on user linguistic quality of service (QoS) requirements and available resources to offer better communication services. This paper proposes an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based resource mapping for video communications in WMSNs. Each sensor node is equipped with ANFIS, which employs three inputs (user QoS request, available node energy, and available node bandwidth) to predict the quality of the video output in terms of varying number of frames/second with either fixed or varying resolution. The sensor nodes periodically measure the available node energy and also the bandwidth. The spatial query processing in the proposed resource mapping works as follows. (i) The sink node receives the user query for some event. (ii) The sink node sends the query through an intermediate sensor node(s) and cluster head(s) in the path to an event node. A cluster head-based tree routing algorithm is used for routing. (iii) The query passes through ANFIS of intermediate sensor nodes and cluster heads, where each node predicts the quality of the video output. (iv) The event node chooses the minimum quality among all cluster heads and intermediate nodes in the path and transmits the video output. The work is simulated in different network scenarios to test the performance in terms of predicted frames/second and frame format. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed resource mapping is the first work in the area of sensor networks. The trained ANFIS predicts the output video quality in terms of number of frames/second (or H.264 video format) accurately for the given input.