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Aims: Neck pain is a common complaint and accounts for a significant proportion of individuals seeking physiotherapy. Assessment for patients with neck pain normally involves a judgment of head posture. Head posture is considered important as deviations from 'normal' may have detrimental biomechanical and physiological implications and provide clues as to optimal interventions. However, studies comparing head posture between patients with neck pain and asymptomatic individuals have shown conflicting results. This article critically appraises the role of head posture assessment for patients with neck pain. Methods: The rationale for a relationship between head posture and neck pain is discussed; clinical assessment of head posture—including issues around surrogate measures, validity and reliability—is explored, and studies comparing patients with neck pain and asymptomatic individuals are examined. Finally, studies investigating techniques to correct head posture are appraised. Findings and conclusions: It is unclear whether the assessment of head posture through observation is valid and/or reliable and whether therapeutic interventions to improve head posture result in gains for the patient. There is a need for further research exploring the links between these factors, and practitioners should be encouraged to re-appraise the value of assessing head posture for patients with neck pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]