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Social norms play an important role in regulating the behavior of societies. They are behavioral standards that are considered acceptable in a group or society and violating them will result in sanction to violator. Both governments and various cultural communities use this social component to solve various problems in society. The use of norms leads to a large reduction in community spending to control harmful behaviors. Social norms have two important aspects of promulgating and sanctioning. They are promulgated by activists in the community and, after creation, are endorsed with a sanction. Norms can be used to promote a variety of different behaviors. Online social networks have established a new and influential platform for promulgating social norms. We first redefined the Rescorla-Wagner conditional learning model in the context of social norms with the help of a norm’s intrinsic properties, and extract the main coefficients in the Rescorla-Wagner model related to it. Based on this model, we extract a network structure related parameter (i.e. clustering coefficient) for any individual in the social network to promulgate the norm with the conditional learning method. In this paper, by using the intrinsic properties of norms, we use and tune the Rescorla-Wagner conditioning model in order to obtain a new model for social norm promulgation. Based on this, we define criteria for the amount of effort required to promulgate norms in social networks. We show that there is negative correlation between the amount of effort required by each node to promulgate a norm and the clustering coefficient of that node. This result can be used to devise effective algorithms for social norms evolution.

Sixty-three conodont species and subspecies from the Kal-e-Sardar section indicate that the strata span early to late Famennian. Contrary to most of the sections measured in the Shishtu Formation, the icriodid-polygnathid biofacies is restricted to the lower part of Kal-e-Sardar Famennian succession. Palmatolepid and bispathodid-dominated biofacies in the middle and upper part of section represent a deep shelf to mid-continental slope marine environment. The currently accepted ranges of P. tichonovitchi, P. tenellus and P. inconcinnus are early Famennian, late Frasnian-early Famennian, and early to middle Famennian, respectively, together with middle to late Famennian for P. nodoundatus. Two new species, Polygnathus sardarensis and P. yazdii, are proposed.