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STUDY DESIGN: A case of cervical cord compression in an elderly lady with Hurler's syndrome is reported. OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of cervical cord compression in a 56-year-old patient of Hurler's syndrome, making her the oldest patient with Hurler's. The case report also highlights the appropriate management that could be given to this group of difficult patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The literature on Hurler's syndrome is reviewed in terms of long-term survival and surgical management of spinal compression. No report in the literature describes cervical spine decompression in Hurler's syndrome in a patient this old. METHOD: Clinical and radiologic features of Hurler's induced cervical cord compression are described. Pathologic changes of Hurler's myleopathy are also reported. RESULTS: The patient underwent cervical spine decompression and tolerated the procedure well. The patient was able to mobilize free of the wheel chair and showed significant neurologic recovery. CONCLUSION: The case report highlights the success of surgery in Hurler's induced cervical cord compression. It also adds to the literature the oldest patient of Hurler's syndrome to undergo any form of spinal surgery.We present here a 59-year-old lady with Hurler's syndrome, who underwent a successful cervical spine decompression and stabilization for cervical myelopathy. At 59 years of age, she was the oldest case of Hurler's to undergo spinal surgery. The case highlights the importance of undertaking major spinal surgeries in these difficult inherited disorders with reasonable success, as against common belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This healthcare quality improvement report focussed on the effectiveness of an orthoptic-led inpatient vision screening service at Nottingham University Hospitals for older adults admitted with a fragility hip fracture. The service was developed in response to national guidance, which recommended a multifactorial assessment, including a vision assessment for older adults presenting following a fall., Method: Vision screening was carried out by orthoptists on eligible patients ≥65 years of age admitted to the trauma and orthopaedic wards with a hip fracture. Retrospective data for patients screened between 2015-2019 were analysed, including: patient demographics; screening eligibility and outcome; ophthalmology referrals made; ophthalmology appointment attendance; and outcome., Results: Of the 3321 patients admitted with a hip fracture between 2015-2019, 2033 (61%) were eligible for vision screening and 1532 (75%) of these were screened. Furthermore, 784 (51%) of the patients screened had an ocular abnormality requiring an ophthalmology referral, or a sight test at an optician. Only 144 of the 383 (38%) who required an ophthalmology referral via the GP were successfully referred, and only 107 of the 186 (58%) patients who were given appointments attended them. Additionally, 98 of 107 had pathology, with cataracts the most common finding (51%), and 61 of 98 (62%) patients had treatable vision impairment., Conclusions: We found a large proportion of fragility hip fracture patients with impaired vision, much of which was treatable and could be detected effectively with orthoptic-led bedside screening. The most common eye problem in those referred to ophthalmology was cataracts. An internal referral pathway to ophthalmology is proposed. There is a need to investigate reasons for disengagement with eye care services in this population., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: The number of total knee replacements performed annually is steadily increasing. Parallel options for postoperative care are decreasing, which reduces patient satisfaction. External devices to support physical rehabilitation and health monitoring will improve patient satisfaction and postoperative care., Methods: In a prospective, international multicenter study, patients were asked to use an external motion sensor and a smartphone application during the postoperative course of primary total knee arthroplasty. The collected data were transferred to a data platform, allowing for the real-time evaluation of patient data., Results: In three participating centers, 98 patients were included. The general acceptance of using the sensor and app was high, with an overall compliance in study participation rate of up to 76%. The early results showed a significant improvement in the overall quality of life ( p < 0.001) and significant reductions in pain ( p < 0.01) and depression ( p < 0.001)., Conclusions: The early results of this clinical and multicenter study emphasize that there is a high interest in and acceptance of digital solutions in patients' treatment pathways. Motion sensor and smartphone applications support patients in early rehabilitation.

Purpose: Hip precautions are routinely provided in the UK, despite evidence suggesting that they are no longer needed. A change in practice was introduced into an orthopaedic service whereby the provision of routine hip precautions was discontinued for selected individuals receiving a primary total hip replacement. The change involved implementing a new regime of "no precautions" which was facilitated using a number of key strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of clinicians associated with the change in practice., Material and Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians who had experience of delivering both hip precautions and no hip precaution regimes. Data were analysed thematically., Results: Ten orthopaedic staff (two senior occupational therapists, one occupational therapy support worker, three senior physiotherapists, two surgeons, and two senior nurses) were interviewed. Three main themes were identified: changes experienced, perceptions of the new regime, and challenges experienced., Conclusion: Several barriers and facilitators to the successful changeover were identified. Successful strategies in changing practice included assigning "Hip Champions", staff education and targeted training. It is proposed that holding multidisciplinary education and training would be the ideal model.Implications for rehabilitationKey strategies for changing practice were educating staff and providing targeted training.Multidisciplinary training might prevent discrepancies in the advice given to patients.Appointing "Hip Champions" provided clear role models and enabled new clinical behaviours to be enforced.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk of association with hip osteoarthritis (OA) of 14 morphological features measured on standard antero-posterior pelvis radiographs., Methods: A case-control study of 566 symptomatic unilateral hip OA cases and 1108 controls without hip OA, using the Genetics of OA and Lifestyle database. Unaffected hips of cases were assumed to reflect pre-OA morphology of the contralateral affected hip. ORs with 95% CI adjusted for confounding factors were calculated using logistic regression. Hierarchical clustering on principal component method was used to identify clusters of morphological features. Proportional risk contribution (PRC) of these morphological features in the context of other risk factors of hip OA was estimated using receiver operating characteristic analysis., Results: All morphological features showed right-left symmetry in controls. Each feature was associated with hip OA after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. Increased sourcil angle had the strongest association (OR: 6.93, 95% CI 5.16 to 9.32). Three clusters were identified. The PRC varied between individual features, as well as between clusters. It was 35% (95% CI 31% to 40%) for all 14 morphological features, compared to 21% (95% CI 19% to 24%) for all other well-established risk factors., Conclusions: Constitutional morphological variation strongly associates with hip OA development and may explain much of its heritability. Relevant morphological measures can be assessed readily on standard radiographs to help predict risk of hip OA. Prospective studies are required to provide further support for causality., Competing Interests: Competing interests: MD reports grants from AstraZeneca and Versus Arthritis for this study, and personal fees from Grunenthal, Mallinckrodt outside the submitted work; WZ reports personal fees from Regeneron outside the submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Two-stage revision surgery for infected total knee replacements remains the gold standard treatment. Articulating spacers are preferred to static spacers for improved functional outcome. Articulating spacers made of cement can be prone to fracture, may not be suitable for full weight bearing, create abrasion debris and necessitate second-stage revision surgery. An alternative is the use of primary knee replacement implants as temporary spacers. With this technique, implants are loosely cemented into place at time of revision, allow the patient reasonable mobility and an ability to fully weight bear and can obviate the need for second-stage surgery. A retrospective review of all patients undergoing revision for infection over two years was conducted. Patients were clinically assigned to single- or two-stage revision. Patients who had a temporary knee replacement, that is, a primary knee replacement used as an articulating spacer, were identified and contacted to complete an Oxford Knee Score. Time to second stage and recurrence was identified from the notes 23 patients received temporary knee replacements. Of these, one patient died, 13 proceeded to a second-stage revision and nine remain in situ. Median time to second-stage revision was 19 weeks [range 11-27]. No patients had re-infection. Median follow-up for ongoing temporary knee replacements was 43 weeks [range 24-90]. Four temporary implants had survived for longer than 1 year. Median Oxford Knee Score was 26 [23-32] and satisfaction score was 8 out of 10 [8-8]. These early results show that knee replacement implants used as spacers provide a good alternative to cement-based articulating spacers with low re-infection rates. Their additional cost when compared with cement spacers is offset by the fact that many patients achieve adequate function and frail patients can avoid a revision procedure. Level of evidence Case series, Level IV.

Background: The Akin closing wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus interphalangeus has experienced a resurgence in popularity. Commonly, the size of the osteotomy is visually judged intraoperatively. We present a means of performing the osteotomy more objectively., Materials and Methods: Radiographs of 101 feet were studied to derive mean values for dimensions of the hallux proximal phalanx in the general population. Based on these we calculated the size of osteotomy required for given corrections., Results: The mean hallux width 5 mm distal to the apex of the articular surface differed between males and females. In males the mean width was 18 mm (95% CI 17.5 to 18.8) and in females 15 mm (95% CI 14.5 to 15.5). For a 10 degree correction, an osteotomy with a 3 mm base would be required., Conclusion: Although the Akin osteotomy dimensions are commonly estimated, a more objective method of planning the osteotomy is presented. The method can also be applied to any closing wedge osteotomy., Clinical Relevance: We believe this method of the Akin osteotomy can improve the accuracy of the surgery.

A hospital radiology reports database was used to determine the prevalence of non-union of scaphoid fractures. Radiographs taken for any indication were used. By using a large number of radiographs, variations attributable to bias were minimised. There was a 0.14% prevalence of established scaphoid fracture non-union in the general population, indicating that unrecognised scaphoid non-union is rare.