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The complex process of bone regeneration is influenced by factors such as inflammatory responses, tissue interactions, and progenitor cells. Currently, multiple traumas can interfere with fracture healing, causing the prolonging or failure of healing. In these cases, bone grafting is the most effective treatment. However, there are several drawbacks, such as morbidity at the donor site and availability of suitable materials. Advantages have been provided in this field by a variety of stem cell types. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) show promise. In the radiological examination of this study, it was confirmed that the C/S group showed faster regeneration than the other groups, and Micro-CT also showed that the degree of bone formation in the defect area was highest in the C/S group. Compared to the control group, the change in cortical bone area in the defect area decreased in the sham group (0.874), while it slightly increased in the C/S group (1.027). An increase in relative vascularity indicates a decrease in overall bone density, but a weak depression filled with fibrous tissue was observed outside the compact bone. It was confirmed that newly formed cortical bone showed a slight difference in bone density compared to surrounding normal bone tissue due to increased distribution of cortical bone. In this study, we investigated the effect of bone regeneration by ADMSCs measured by radiation and pathological effects. These data can ultimately be applied to humans with important clinical applications in various bone diseases, regenerative, and early stages of formative differentiation. more...

Horse health has become a major concern with the expansion of horse-related industries and sports; the importance of healthy muscles for horse performance and daily activities is undisputed. Here we generated equine-induced pluripotent stem cells (E-iPSCs) by reprogramming equine adipose-derived stem cells (E-ADSCs) into iPSCs using a polycistronic lentiviral vector encoding four transcription factors (i.e., Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) and then examined their pluripotent characteristics. Subsequently, established E-iPSCs were transplanted into muscle-injured Rag/ mdx mice. The histopathology results showed that E-iPSC-transplanted mice exhibited enhanced muscle regeneration compared to controls. In addition, E-iPSC-derived myofibers were observed in the injured muscles. In conclusion, we show that E-iPSCs could be successfully generated from equine ADSCs and transplanted into injured muscles and that E-iPSCs have the capacity to induce regeneration of injured muscles. more...

As interest in the use of eco-friendly enzymes increases in the paper industry, an energy-intensive industry, the development of a wide range of enzyme application technologies is required. This study evaluated the effects of cellulase on the refining efficiency, fiber properties, and sheet strength of softwood bleached kraft pulp (Sw-BKP). The pulp was enzymedosed with cellulase for 6 h and refined using a laboratory beater for 15 min. The freeness and physical properties of the Sw-BKP fibers were analyzed. The pulp freeness decreased linearly as the refining time and enzyme dosage increased, indicating that the cellulase promotes refining efficiency by inducing fiber shortening and internal fibrillation during refining. Handsheets were prepared from 15-min refined enzyme-dosed and non-enzyme-dosed Sw-BKP. The strengths of the enzyme-dosed handsheets were lower than those of the non-enzyme-dosed handsheets because fiber shortening due to the cellulase activity was dominant during the refining. Therefore, cellulase effectively reduces refining energy consumption. However, it is essential to determine the correct enzyme dosage and refining time to balance the desired refining energy reduction with the resulting paper strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: To compare image quality in selective intracoronary contrast-injected computed tomography angiography (Selective- CTA) with that in conventional intravenous contrast-injected CTA (IV-CTA). Materials and Methods: Six pigs (35 to 40 kg) underwent both IV-CTA using an intravenous injection (60 mL) and Selective-CTA using an intracoronary injection (20 mL) through a guide-wire during/after percutaneous coronary intervention. Images of the common coronary artery were acquired. Scans were performed using a combined machine comprising an invasive coronary angiography suite and a 320-channel multi-slice CT scanner. Quantitative image quality parameters of CT attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), mean lumen diameter (MLD), and mean lumen area (MLA) were measured and compared. Qualitative analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which was calculated for analysis of interobserver agreement. Results: Quantitative image quality, determined by assessing the uniformity of CT attenuation (399.06 vs. 330.21, p<0.001), image noise (24.93 vs. 18.43, p<0.001), SNR (16.43 vs. 18.52, p=0.005), and CNR (11.56 vs. 13.46, p=0.002), differed significantly between IV-CTA and Selective-CTA. MLD and MLA showed no significant difference overall (2.38 vs. 2.44, p=0.068, 4.72 vs. 4.95, p=0.078). The density of contrast agent was significantly lower for selective-CTA (13.13 mg/mL) than for IV-CTA (400 mg/mL). Agreement between observers was acceptable (ICC=0.79±0.08). Conclusion: Our feasibility study in swine showed that compared to IV-CTA, Selective-CTA provides better image quality and requires less iodine contrast medium. Key Words: Computed tomography an [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: Appropriate animal models of atherosclerotic plaque are crucial to investigating the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, as well as for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vascular devices. We aimed to develop a novel animal model that would be suitable for the study of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. Materials and Methods: Atherosclerotic plaque was induced in 24 iliac arteries from 12 rabbits by combining a high cholesterol diet, endothelial denudation, and injection into the vessel wall with either saline (n=5), olive oil (n=6), or inflammatory proteins [n=13, high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) n=8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α n=5] using a Cricket™ Micro-infusion catheter. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to detect plaque characteristics after 4 weeks, and all tissues were harvested for histological evaluation. Results: Advanced plaque was more frequently observed in the group injected with inflammatory proteins. Macrophage infiltration was present to a higher degree in the HMGB1 and TNF-α groups, compared to the oil or saline group (82.1±5.1% and 94.6± 2.2% compared to 49.6±14.0% and 46.5±9.6%, p-value<0.001), using RAM11 antibody staining. On OCT, lipid rich plaques were more frequently detected in the inflammatory protein group [saline group: 2/5 (40%), oil group: 3/5 (50%), HMGB1 group: 6/8 (75%), and TNF-α group: 5/5 (100%)]. Conclusion: These data indicate that this rabbit model of atherosclerotic lesion formation via direct injection of pro-inflammatory proteins into the vessel wall is useful for in vivo studies investigating atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

A 13-year-old castrated male Yorkshire terrier dog had a soft splenic mass, which measured 11 cm in the greatest diameter. Microscopically, the parenchyma of the spleen was completely replaced by myxoid substances. Numerous spindle and stellate cells were loosely arranged in the myxoid stroma, and variable vessels of variable sizes were observed in a loose matrix with poorly defined margins. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that tumor cells were positive for desmin and alpha-SMA, but negative for S-100. Interestingly, intravascular tumor embolus with positive a-SMA expression was observed. This case is meaningful, because angiomyxoma, a rare tumor of dogs, occurs in the spleen. Even in human cases, splenic angiomyxoma was not reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Despite the susceptibility to frequent intrinsic and extrinsic injuries, especially in the inner zone, the meniscus does not heal spontaneously owing to its poor vascularity. In this study, the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), containing various growth factors, on meniscal mechanisms was examined under normal and post-traumatic inflammatory conditions. Isolated primary meniscal cells of New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were incubated for 3, 10, 14 and 21 days with PRP(-), 10% PRP (PRP(+)), IL(+) or IL(+)PRP(+). The meniscal cells were collected and examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Culture media were examined by immunoblot analyses for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) catabolic molecules. PRP containing growth factors improved the cellular viability of meniscal cells in a concentration-dependent manner at Days 1, 4 and 7. However, based on RT-PCR, meniscal cells demonstrated dedifferentiation, along with an increase in type I collagen in the PRP(+) and in IL(+)PRP(+). In PRP(+), the aggrecan expression levels were lower than in the PRP(-) until Day 21. The protein levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were higher in each PRP group, i.e., PRP(+) and IL(+)PRP(+), at each culture time. A reproducible 2-mm circular defect on the meniscus of NZW rabbit was used to implant fibrin glue (control) or PRP in vivo. After eight weeks, the lesions in the control and PRP groups were occupied with fibrous tissue, but not with meniscal cells. This study shows that PRP treatment of the meniscus results in an increase of catabolic molecules, especially those related to IL-1α-induced inflammation, and that PRP treatment for an in vivo meniscus injury accelerates fibrosis, instead of meniscal cartilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article focuses on the salivary mucocele with osseous metaplasia found in a 4-year-old, male duchshund. Several possible causes of salivary mucocele include blunt trauma, foreign body and sialolith. It notes that salivary mucocele is frequently seen on dogs particularly on breeds like poodles and German shepherds. Its diagnosis can be confirmed through a mucus specific stain method such as periodic acid-Schiff. It cites the case of a 4-year-old dog as an example of an unusual case of cervical salivary mucocele with osseous metaplasia in a dog. The said case was found to be a rare case of salivary mucocele with osseous metaplasia in dog because only metaplastic mesencymal cells changing to osteogenic cells were observed and pathogenesis of osseous metaplasia is not known clearly. more...

As interest in the use of eco-friendly enzymes increases in the paper industry, an energy-intensive industry, the development of a wide range of enzyme application technologies is required. This study evaluated the effects of cellulase on the refining efficiency, fiber properties, and sheet strength of softwood bleached kraft pulp (Sw-BKP). The pulp was enzyme-dosed with cellulase for 6 h and refined using a laboratory beater for 15 min. The freeness and physical properties of the Sw-BKP fibers were analyzed. The pulp freeness decreased linearly as the refining time and enzyme dosage increased, indicating that the cellulase promotes refining efficiency by inducing fiber shortening and internal fibrillation during refining. Handsheets were prepared from 15-min refined enzyme-dosed and non-enzyme-dosed Sw-BKP. The strengths of the enzyme-dosed handsheets were lower than those of the non-enzyme-dosed handsheets because fiber shortening due to the cellulase activity was dominant during the refining. Therefore, cellulase effectively reduces refining energy consumption. However, it is essential to determine the correct enzyme dosage and refining time to balance the desired refining energy reduction with the resulting paper strength. more...

We present a facile, yet versatile carbon nanofabrication method using electron beam lithography and resist pyrolysis. Various resist nanopatterns were fabricated using a negative electron beam resist, SAL-601, and they were then subjected to heat treatment in an inert atmosphere to obtain carbon nanopatterns. Suspended carbon nanostructures were fabricated by the wet-etching of an underlying sacrificial oxide layer. Free-standing carbon nanostructures, which contain 130 nm wide, 15 nm thick, and 4 µm long nanobridges, were fabricated by resist pyrolysis and nanomachining processes. Electron beam exposure dose effects on resist thickness and pattern widening were studied. The thickness of the carbon nanostructures was thinned down by etching with oxygen plasma. An electrical biosensor utilizing carbon nanostructures as a conducting channel was studied. Conductance modulations of the carbon device due to streptavidin-biotin binding and pH variations were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: In previous work, we reported that Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction (RGSF) showed anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The present study investigated the radioprotective properties of RGSF by examining its effects on ionizing radiation (IR)-enhanced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses in murine macrophage cells. Results: RGSF induced strong downregulation of IR-enhanced and LPS-induced proinflammatory responses such as nitric oxide (NO) production (Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) = 5.1 ± 0.8 μM) and interleukin-1β levels. RGSF was found to exert its radioprotective effects by inhibition of a signaling cascade that activated checkpoint kinase 2–nuclear factor-κB. In addition, RGSF strongly inhibited IR-enhanced LPS-induced expression of hemoxyganase-1, implying that the latter may be a potential target of RGSF. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that RGSF can be considered and developed for use as an effective radioprotective agent with minimal adverse effects. more...