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Abstract Background The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of different objects or “things” containing sensors, software, and other technologies used to exchange data between devices and systems over the cloud. Such systems and networks should be provided with a proper cryptographic methodology to block unauthorized data transmission access. This issue is considered an essential challenge of resources that are shared on the data communication network, that is its security. So, in this study, a cryptosystem is proposed to maintain the security level of such systems with a new idea depending on DNA cryptography and DNA mixing. Results In this study, the proposed cryptosystem is based on the RSA algorithm and DNA cryptography concepts with a novel idea for mixing DNA strands obtained from encoding medical image and report to enhance the security level through the IoT networks. This system achieved a proper result in reconstructing images with high quality. The similarity between the original data and the restored one reached 92% through 18 s. Conclusions Such a proposed cryptosystem provided the feasibility of data security in network security, especially for E-health care through IoT system to help medical teamwork in handling medical data between hospitals safely. The result showed that RSA is a fast, efficient algorithm that can be utilized safely in cryptography schemes.

In this paper, a neodymium doped Lead-Borate-Strontium-Tungsten glass system is synthesized by melt - quenching method. The samples are fabricated according to the composition 45B2O3-45PbO-7SrO-(3-x)WO3-(x)Nd2O3, where x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mol%. As the neodymium ion concentration is increased, the measured density and molar volume of the glass is observed to increase. Raman spectroscopy and FTIR measurements were conducted to study the structure of the glass system and examine modifications that occurred by adding various Nd3+ ion concentrations. FTIR and Raman analysis revealed vibration and bonds stretching of various borate groups. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopic measurement displays 6 absorption bands and was used to evaluate refractive indices, optical bandgap energies and other associated parameters. The J–O intensity parameters of Nd3+ ions are evaluated. The obtained intensity parameters exhibited a trend which follows Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6 for all samples. Additionally, the experimental and theoretical oscillator strengths of the radiative 4f transitions, refractive indices (n), branching ratio (β) and lifetimes (τ) were determined. The spectroscopic quality factor obtained suggests the suitability for the glass system to be used in photonic applications.

Multicomponent glasses doped with erbium oxide 70P2O5–14ZnO-(15-x)CdO-xEr2O3 (where x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mol%) named as [Er1 →Er6] have been prepared using the melt quenching method. The density was increased with increasing Er2O3 content and the molar volume increased linearly showing exactly like the behavior of the density. The optical absorption spectra indicate that erbium ions lived as an Er3+ environment. The measurement of the optical mobility difference and the breadth of the UV–VIS absorption energy tail of glass revealed a small decrease accompanied by a rise in their values. The optical energy band gap (Eg) varied from 2.9929 to 2.088 eV. The linear (no) and nonlinear refractive indices (n2) changed from 2.3989 to 2.451 and from 5.494 × 10−11 to 6.603 × 10−11 esu, respectively. It was found that the optical dielectric constant (εo) changed from 5.755 to 6.005, while the nonlinear susceptibility (χ3) varied from 3.494 × 10−12 to 4.289 × 10−12 esu. From the calculated oscillator intensity of the specific absorption bands, the parameters of the Judd – Offet intensity were tested to test the bonding condition around the Er3+ ions in the prepared glasses. The spectroscopic efficiency element has been determined. Branching ratio (βr) and lifespan (τ) is determined using J-O parameters. Absorption and emission cross-sections were determined to measure the probability of an absorption or emission process. Additionally, the capacity of the Er1–Er6 glasses for gamma-ray shielding was evaluated via calculating some significant parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), half value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP). Results revealed that the MAC and LAC follow the trend: (MAC,LAC)Er1< (MAC,LAC)Er2 (HVL,MFP)Er2 > (HVL,MFP)Er3 > (HVL,MFP)Er4 > (HVL,MFP)Er5 > (HVL,MFP)Er6. Generally, the studied Er1–Er6 glasses are attractive for various optical and radiation shielding applications.

The high levels of iron and manganese found in ground water and utilized by living habitats has made it mandatory to seek a local low cost effective technique to decrease their concentrations. In this study, vermiculite clay and cation exchange resin were used as adsorbent and filter media to examine their ability in the removal and retention of those soluble metal. Different initial concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 30, and 50 ppm were examined using column testing. Vermiculite clay could remove iron up to 95% for the 5 ppm initial concentration and completely remove iron form the initial 2 ppm concentration at 70 min. Cation exchange resin worked better at lower concentrations yet couldn’t attain the allowable drinking water levels. For manganese, cation exchange resin performed better where the highest removal rates attained for the 5 and 2 ppm were 99% and 100% successively within the first 10–20 min.

Back ground: Coronary heart disease is one of the vital causes of morbidity and death in Iraq. Socioeconomic status is also affected by coronary heart disease. These risk factors in Sulaimani city of Iraq is remain uncertain. This is a shortage of study of master student. The current study’s main aims were to explore the potential association between several predisposing factors and heart attack in Sulaimani, Iraq, and to some socio demographic in this participant. 165 contributors who were attending to the Cardiac Specialty Hospital, (Coronary Care Unit), and they were definitely diagnosed as having MI participated in the current study between 2015 and 2016; in Sulaimani, Iraq. The study was attentive on exploring the socioeconomic status, lifestyle, family history of heart attack and classical predisposing factors such as (Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, smoking cigarette, and dyslipidemia). For collecting the data, the questionnaire was designed according reading literature and books. The tests of Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Pearson and Spearman were used for the current data analysis. The finding: patients at the age of ?61 years was a common group age for myocardial infarction. Sedentary lifestyle (81.8%) and smoking (Ex- passive and current smoking 69.7% was predominance. The prevalence of BMI > 25 was (75.15%). Hypertension accounted (61.2%), dyslipidemia (39.4%), and diabetes (20%) of the subjects. A positive first-degree history of classical MI risk factor of the participants was (54.5%, 39.2% and 28.4%) for hypertension, heart attack and diabetes, respectively. (98.2%) of the selected patients no eating fish. (56.4%, 58.8%) of them were not eating daily fruit and vegetable respectively. Smoking was significant correlation with age, gender, level of education, and marital status (r = 0.34, 0.38, -0.23 and 0.17) respectively) (p value less than 0.05). Conclusions: In Sulaimani city of Iraq the strong predictors of heart attack were included: sedentary lifestyle, high body mass index, positive family history, unhealthy diet, smoking cigarette, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Mellitus.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) approach is presented as strong frameworks to solve the inaccuracy problems. The major purpose of this paper is to improve a CAD system depended on supervised classification that can be useful in diagnosing and detecting the changes of breast cancers in digitized mammograms earlier, accurately and faster than standard examination programs by applying CAD according to image processing techniques beginning with preprocessing step, segmentation, feature extraction and finally classification stage. The work presented in this study is based on the integration of different features such as shape, texture and invariant moment features. This integration achieved best results for sensitivity and specificity rather than using the one type of features in breast cancer classification. The accuracy of our integration system reached 96% in the automatic mode of ANN while best accuracy accomplished by features result according to invariant moments that reached 97% by ANN in an automatic way. Keywords: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), Mammograms, K-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN), Support vector machine (SVM), Artificial neural network (ANN)

Usually supplement is essential and fundamental components for ensure and creating the human body, also drugs seem to survey the life of each individual and ensure the wellbeing for a long life aimed most of illness, but in case nourishment sedate interaction ignored since of information shortage almost it or any reason maybe lead to futile of medicine for the patients or cause life threatening condition because of that, one of the most significant ethical point in every health care setting in the world is patient's safety; and the care for patients must be improved in every country to prevent complication of interaction between food and drug. The main objective of this cross-sectional study has been conducted to assess the nurses' knowledge regarding food-drug interaction (FDI) at the intensive care in both of Shar and emergency hospitals in the Slemani city, the data were collected during the period of October up to the end of December. Non-probability, (purposive sample) of 78 nurses at both hospitals, a questionnaire was designed according to literatures and books regarding FDI which contained 25 items, 8 items for demographic characteristics, and 17 items concerning FDI. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a panel of 7 experts, a pilot study was carried out to check the reliability of the questionnaire which determined through the use of stability reliability (test-retest) approach which was estimated as r = 0.81. The data were collected through the interviewing of the study sample and analyzed through the using of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, version 23, and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the present study conclude that more than half of nurses had low knowledge and none of them had high level of knowledge, also there is no significant association between the levels of knowledge with age, gender, educational level, years of experience and working place. The study suggested extends the knowledge of nurses regarding the FDI, by training courses from clinical pharmacologists.

New visnagin-9-sulfonamide derivatives 3 and 4a−c were synthesized through the reaction of visnagin-9-sulfonyl chloride 2 with amino compounds. Acetylation of compounds 4b and 4c gave the monoacetyl and diacetyl derivatives 5 and 6, respectively. Diazotization reaction of compound 4b afforded the corresponding benzotriazole derivative 8. Pyrazole and thiopyrimidine derivatives 9 and 10 were obtained via the opening of pyrone ring upon reaction of compound 3 with hydrazine hydrate and thiourea, respectively. In addition, hydrolysis of compound 3 with potassium hydroxide furnished the visnaginone derivative 11 which used as starting material for synthesize benzofuran derivatives 12−14 and bergaptene derivatives 15−17. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. Furochromone derivatives 3, 4a−c, 5, 6 and 8 (visnagin-9-sulfonamide derivatives) demonstrate moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities compared with the antibacterial and antifungal activites of the standard drugs. Benzofuran derivatives 11−14 (visnaginone derivatives) showed the lowest antimicrobial activity among all the compounds investigated in this study. Furocoumarin derivatives 15a,b, 16 and 17 (furobenzopyransulfonamide [bergaptensulfonamides]) are moderately active against all the tested strains. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Background and aim: North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) is one of Organizations of Nursing in the world to developed nursing process, NANDA began in 1973 by Kristine Gebbie and MaryAnn in Clearinghouse for Nursing Diagnoses-established at (St. Louis University) to develop a diagnostic classification system (Taxonomy) and to identify and approve nursing diagnosis, while the first conference proceedings edited by Gebbie and Lavin are published.The objectives of the study are to assess the knowledge of fourth class students of nursing colleges in Kurdistan Region regarding Nursing Process, to describe the demographic data of the study sample, to know the Source of student's information, and to determine which college of nursing be the first in the rank. Materials and method: A descriptive (cross sectional) study was carried out at the colleges of nursing / universities of Kurdistan Region. The study started at 10/3/2015 up to the end of December 2015. To achieve the objectives of the study, a non- probability (purposive) sample of all forth class students of colleges of nursing. Data were collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, which included of three parts. The content validity of instrument was established through penal of (7) experts. Reliability of instrument was determined through the Internal consistently reliability, (r=0.81). Data was collected by (Self-Report) method, using the questionnaire formal and data was analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistical method. Results: The result of the study indicated that the highest percent of the students was female graduated from secondary school, and they have an intermediate level of knowledge, while the findings of the study indicated that most of student's information's sources were from their teachers. On the other hand the study findings were showed that there was highly significant relationship between student's knowledge and their demographic information. Recommendations: the study recommended that the teachers of nursing at the colleges and schools in Kurdistan rejoin have to focus on the Conference proceedings edited of (NANDA), farther more nursing process must teach by nursing specialty teachers not physicians. Keywords: Nursing process, NANDA.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is a critical task in diagnosing the presence of any cardiac disorder. There are limited studies on detecting P-waves in various atrial arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AFIB), atrial flutter, junctional rhythm, and other arrhythmias due to P-wave variability and absence in various cases. Thus, there is a growing need to develop an efficient automated algorithm that annotates a 2D printed version of P-waves in the well-known ECG signal databases for validation purposes. To our knowledge, no one has annotated P-waves in the MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation database. Therefore, it is a challenge to manually annotate P-waves in the MIT-BIH AF database and to develop an automated algorithm to detect the absence and presence of different shapes of P-waves. In this paper, we present the manual annotation of P-waves in the well-known MIT-BIH AF database with the aid of a cardiologist. In addition, we provide an automatic P-wave segmentation for the same database using a fully convolutional neural network model (U-Net). This algorithm works on 2D imagery of printed ECG signals, as this type of imagery is the most commonly used in developing countries. The proposed automatic P-wave detection method obtained an accuracy and sensitivity of 98.56% and 98.78%, respectively, over the first 5 min of the second lead of the MIT-BIH AF database (a total of 8280 beats). Moreover, the proposed method is validated using the well-known automatically and manually annotated QT database (a total of 11,201 and 3194 automatically and manually annotated beats, respectively). This results in accuracies of 98.98 and 98.9%, and sensitivities of 98.97 and 97.24% for the automatically and manually annotated QT databases, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that the proposed automatic method can be used for analyzing long-printed ECG signals on mobile battery-driven devices using only images of the ECG signals, without the need for a cardiologist.

Background: Nitric oxide ( NO) is a physiological mediator of many processes in the eye including regulation of aqueous humor dynamics. Compounds acting via NO dependent mechanisms may enhance aqueous humor outflow and reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) . Objective: Sildenafil a cGMP specific phosphodiesterase 5inhibitor that potentiates NO production and increases cyclic GMP is tested in this study for its effects on intraocular pressure in an acute ocular hypertension model in rabbits. Materials and methods: Newzealand albino rabbits of either sex weighing 2–2.5 Kg , were used in this study. Sildenafil was prepared in a vehicle of phosphate buffer and diluted to the required strength of 0.5%. Intraocular pressure (IOP ) was measured after 45 seconds of one drop of proparacaine topical anesthesia by using schiotz indentation tonometer. Basal IOP was obtained for both eyes using 12 rabbits .One drop of sildenafil (0.5%) was then topically instilled in the left eye while the right eye received the vehicle and served as a control. After 30 minutes of drug and vehicle administration the IOP was measured in both eyes and acute ocular hypertension was induced by the administration of 15ml/kg 5% glucose. The IOP was then recorded every 15 min for 180 minutes. Results: Topical 0.5% sildenafil administration had no effect on the basal IOP levels. However sildenafil significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the acute rise in IOP induced by 5% glucose infusion. The IOP levels returned to their basal values in shorter time with sildenafil compared to the control Conclusion: Topical sildenafil pretreatment reduces IOP in acutely induced intraocular hypertension.

Background: Different mechanisms have been suggested for the development of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced gastropathy. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been suggested to have gastroprotective effects. This study investigates the gastroprotective effects of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and enalapril on indomethacin induced gastric mucosal damage in rats . Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 adult male albino rats, divided into 5 groups, the first served as a control received the vehicle , the second received indomethacin orally of 60mg/kg. The third and fourth groups were pretreated orally 30 minute prior indomethacin with either captopril or enalapril. In order to study the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the gastroprotective effect of captopril; intraperitoneal NG-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor was given 30 minutes prior to captopril administration followed by indomethacin and this served as fifth group. The rats were then sacrificed after 4 hours and their stomachs were isolated and submitted to macroscopical assessment and for the measurement of the gastric prostaglandinE2 (PGE2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results: Captopril in a dose of 15 mg/kg produced a significant reduction (p

Background: Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase -5 (PDE-5) inhibitor increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and amplifies many biological actions of nitric oxide (NO) which is an important mediator of gastric mucosal defense ; was evaluated in this study using different doses for its cytoprotective effect on gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin . We also evaluated the effect of this drug on NO production, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Interlukin-4 (IL-4) expression. Methods: The study was performed between April and July 2008 in the Department of Pharmacology / College of Medicine /Baghdad University .It was conducted on 80 adult male albino rats, divided into 8 groups, the first served as a control received the vehicle, the second received indomethacin orally of 60mg/kg .The third and fourth groups were pretreated 30 minutes prior indomethacin with oral sildenafil 10 and 20mg/kg respectively. The other groups were pretreated 30 minutes prior to sildenafil (10and20mg/kg) with intraperitoneal NG-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) 20mg/kg with or without L-Arginine. The rats were then sacrificed after 4 hours and their stomachs were isolated and submitted to macroscopical assessment and for the measurement of the gastric PGE2, MPO, and IL-4. Results: Sildenafil (10 and 20 mg/kg) pretreatment resulted in a significant (p

Background: Gastric mucosal injury induced by NSAIDs is a major adverse effect of this group of medications, and it is no surprise that protection against such injury has become an important challenge for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 40 adult male albino rats , divided into 4 groups, the first served as a control received the vehicle , the second received indomethacin orally of 60mg/kg .The third was pretreated 30 minutes prior indomethacin with omeprazole 40mg/kg orally. The fourth was given intraperitoneal L-NAME 20mg/kg plus omeprazole to investigate a possible protective role of nitric oxide. The rats were then sacrificed after 4 hours and their stomachs were isolated and submitted to macroscopical, and microscopical assessment and for the measurement of the gastric prostaglandin E2, myeloperoxidase , and interlukin-4 . Results: Omeprazole pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease (p

The addition of tertiary carbon radicals generated by an Ir-catalyzed visible-light photocatalyst to electron-deficient 1,3-dienes proceeds in good yields to append a δ-substituted β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl fragment to a tertiary alcohol or carboxylic acid precursor and construct a new quaternary carbon center.

It is well known that chromones possess numerous of biological activities. Due to their significant applications, there are increasing for synthesizing of several chromones but few pyranochromene have been synthesized. So, simple and convenient routes for the synthesizing of new pyrano[3,2‐g]chromenone derivatives in high yields were illustrated using visnagin as starting naturally occurring. Ring opening of visnagin afforded 6‐formyl‐7‐hydroxychromone derivative which was subjected to react with variety of active methlyene derivatives to afford pyrano[3,2‐g]chromenone derivatives. Thus, heating of 6‐formylchromone with aroylacetate gave the 3‐(aroyl)‐pyranochromene‐2,6‐dione. The desired pyranochromene‐3‐carboxamide derivatives were obtained when the precursor 6‐formylchromone was condensed with ethyl 3‐oxo‐3‐(arylamino)propanoates. When 6‐formylchromone was condensed with hippuric acid gave oxazolone derivative rather than pyranochromene derivative. Condensation of 6‐formylchromone with cyanothioacetamide led to the formation of thioamide derivative. 2‐Iminopyranochromene derivatives were synthesized through reaction of 6‐formylchromone with diverse cyanoacetamide derivatives. Finally, reaction of 6‐formylchromone with 3‐(dimethylpyrazolyl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile gave 3‐cyano‐pyranochromenedione rather than pyrazole derivative. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized pyranochromenone derivatives was evaluated. Nearly all compounds showed weak effects towards B. subtilis and P. vulgaris. All compounds showed no effects towards S. aureus and E. coli. All compounds showed no effects towards all tested fungi except thioamide derivative 6 showed moderate activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to discover new antimicrobial drugs, new 2-pyridinone and 2-iminochromene derivatives bearing biologically active pyrrole nucleus were designed and synthesized. The pyridin-2-one derivatives were synthesized via ring closure of 2-cyano-N'-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide by acetylacetone or 2-arylidenemalononitriles. The 2-iminochromene derivatives were obtained in high yields through the cyclocondensation reaction of 2-cyano-N'-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide with o-hydroxy aldehyde derivatives (salicyaldehyde derivatives, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 7-hydroxy-chromone-6-carboxaldehyde derivative). The antibacterial and antifungal properties of all synthesized compounds were evaluated. All tested compounds displayed weak activities toward the G + ve bacteria (S. aureus) and G –ve bacteria (E. coli and P. vulgaris). The polycyclic benzo[f]chromene derivative 7 showed weak activity toward both G + ve and G –ve bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiosemicarbazone metal complexes are intriguing molecules with a variety of applications in several fields, including the pharmaceutical sector, analytical chemistry, and textile industries. Here, we designed and synthesized 12 transition metal complexes based on thiosemicarbazone as a tridendate group and azo moiety as a chromophore part, in addition to evaluating their color strength and fastness properties. The tridentate ligand derivatives of 5-(m-tolyldiazenyl)salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone reacted with four transition metal salts (copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron salts) in refluxing alkaline ethanol to afford the corresponding thiosemicarbazone complexes. The ligands behaved as double-deprotonated tridentate ligands that connected to the transition metal ions through the deprotonation of phenolic-OH and thiol-SH, as well as the azomethine nitrogen atom, to generate fused five- and six-membered heterocycle rings. The obtained metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, atomic absorption, IR, and UV–Vis spectra. The color strength and fastness properties of the printed fabrics were tested, showing good to excellent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the melt quenching approach is used to synthesize a lead borate–strontium‐based glass system doped with samarium ions. Modifications in the glass network structure arising from the addition of various concentrations of Sm3+ ions were investigated via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed B–O–B bridges, BO3, and BO4 units are present. UV–vis–NIR spectroscopic measurement was performed to study the optical absorption spectra. Optical constants such as optical bandgap energies, refractive indices, and other related parameters were evaluated. The lifetime fluorescence decay was measured and ranged between 1.04 and 1.88 ns. The photoluminescence spectra in the range 500–750 nm revealed four transitions from the ground state 6G5/2 to the excited states 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2 and J–O theory was utilized to study these optical transitions for Sm3+ ions. Calculations of the oscillator strengths and J–O intensity parameters were performed and the obtained J–O parameters followed the sequence Ω4 > Ω6 > Ω2. The ratio O/R indicated a high lattice asymmetry around the samarium ions. The values of lifetimes and branching ratios for the fabricated samples emphasized their suitability to be used in laser applications. The current glass samples are good candidates for orange and red emission devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]