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This article discusses a mathematical model designed to analyze the dynamics of populations and their interactions in an ecosystem. The model is based on a system of Lotka-Volterra differential equations, extended to take into account additional environmental factors such as climate change, natural resource use, and the impact of anthropogenic factors. Creating a mathematical model for the conservation of biological diversity is a complex task that requires taking into account many factors and interactions between them. The model includes coefficients describing population growth rates, their interactions, and diffusion, which takes into account the spatial distribution of species. The study demonstrates the application of the model using the example of an ecosystem in the dry regions of Uzbekistan, where interactions between plant populations and parasitic insects are examined. The modeling results make it possible to predict changes in the ecosystem in response to various climatic and anthropogenic impacts, as well as to develop adaptation strategies for the conservation of biodiversity. The proposed model is a powerful tool for environmental research, allowing not only to understand current processes in ecosystems, but also to predict their future state. Thus, the model contributes to the development of effective measures for environmental protection and sustainable management of natural resources.

This paper presents land management strategies and adaptation measures aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change and conserving biodiversity. Proposed measures include the development of efficient farming methods, such as drip irrigation and optimizing the use of water resources, which helps reduce soil degradation and reduce water consumption. In addition, measures to protect and restore ecosystems are being considered, including planting trees, creating nature reserves and protected areas, and controlling pollution and deforestation. It also emphasizes the need to develop and implement strategies for the sustainable use of natural resources, such as solar and wind energy, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Particular attention is paid to educational campaigns and information activities to increase public awareness of climate change and its impact on ecosystems, thereby promoting public involvement in decision-making and promoting sustainable behavior at home and community levels. In this work, the Lotka-Volterra model was used to simulate the impact of climate change on populations of plants and insect parasites in the dry regions of Uzbekistan. The model presented in this work allows us to predict changes in populations in response to climatic factors and develop adaptation strategies for the conservation of biodiversity. The work highlights the importance of scientific and innovative initiatives in the field of climate change research and sustainable development, which will create infrastructure for sustainable development and the implementation of environmentally sustainable technologies.