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Vasileva, F, Hristovski, R, Font-Llado', R, Georgiev, G, Sacot, A, Lo' pez-Ros, V, Calleja-Gonza' lez, J, Barretina-Ginesta, J, Lo' pez-Bermejo, A, and Prats-Puig, A. Physical exercise-induced DNA methylation in disease-related genes in healthy adults--A systematic review with bioinformatic analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 384-393, 2024--This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature regarding physical exercise (PE) and DNA methylation (DNAm) in healthy adults. Specific goals were to (a) identify differently methylated genes (DMGs) after PE intervention, their imprinting status, chromosome and genomic location, function, and related diseases; and (b) to screen for core genes and identify methylation changes of the core genes that can be modified by PE intervention. Our search identified 2,869 articles from which 8 were finally included. We identified 1851 DMGs (p, 0.05) after PE intervention, although 45 of them were imprinted. Aerobic exercise (AE) seems to induce more DNA hypermethylation rather than hypomethylation, whereas anaerobic exercise (AN) seems to induce more DNA hypomethylation rather than hypermethylation. Aerobic exercise induced highest % of methylation changes on chromosome 6, whereas AN and mixed type (MT) on chromosome 1. Mixed type induced higher % of methylation changes close to transcription start site in comparison to AE and AN. After PE intervention, DMGs were mainly involved in fat metabolism, cell growth, and neuronal differentiation, whereas diseases regulated by those genes were mainly chronic diseases (metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative). Finally, 19 core genes were identified among DMGs, all related to protein metabolism. In conclusion, our findings may shed some light on the mechanisms explaining PE-induced health benefits such as the potential role that PE-induced DNAm may have in disease prevention and disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente artículo fue plantear una propuesta metodológica para equipos técnicos en relación a la utilización y modificación de los diferentes parámetros del juego para el trabajo de la resistencia específica en baloncesto desde una perspectiva integrada. Para ello, se elaboró una revisión en relación al estado actual sobre los juegos en espacio reducido en baloncesto, estudiando el efecto de las distintas variables del juego sobre la frecuencia cardíaca y la intensidad de juego. Durante el proceso de selección de artículos de la revisión, se consultaron diversas palabras claves como conditioning y basketball en bases de datos como Pubmed y ISI web of knowledge. Finalmente, se incluyeron en la revisión 12 artículos que evidenciaron que la modificación de parámetros de juego como el número de jugadores, el espacio, el tiempo y las normas, pueden condicionar la orientación del trabajo de la resistencia. En base a estas conclusiones, se formuló una propuesta metodológica sobre cómo utilizar los distintos parámetros de juego con el fin de planificar y/o controlar las cargas de resistencia específica en baloncesto de forma integrada en el juego. Sin embargo, se debe tener presente que los estudios en los que se ha fundamentado la propuesta, únicamente han analizado efectos simples de los diferentes parámetros. De éste modo, futuros estudios deberían estudiar los efectos de interacción entre los diferentes parámetros para validar la propuesta. Aun así, creemos que ésta propuesta puede ayudar a integrar el entrenamiento de la resistencia con la técnica y la táctica. Abstract The aim of the present study was to create a methodological proposal for coaching staff, which consist in using the game parameters during small sided games in order to integrate endurance training with technical and tactical drills in basketball. For this reason, a systematic review was carried out so as to study the changes in heart rate and game intensity depending on the game parameters used during the game situation. Different key words such as conditioning and basketball in different data bases such as Pub Med or ISI web of knowledge were checked throughout the selection process. Finally, 12 articles were included in the review showing that the modification of some game parameters such as number of players, space conditions, time aspects and game rules, can influence the orientation of the endurance training in basketball. Thereby, a methodological proposal was created to illustrate the usefulness of the different game parameters in order to control and plan the endurance training integrated with technical and tactical drills in basketball. However, the background studies of the methodological proposal should be considered since these studies only have analyzed the simple effects of the different parameters and due to the fact, future studies should study the interaction of the different parameters in order to validate the proposal. Nevertheless, it is believed that this methodological proposal can be helpful so as to integrate endurance training with technical and tactical drills.

We investigated the effects of an intervention that encouraged reflection on organic self-talk used during endurance performance. Using an experimental design, we compared the effects of enhancing metacognitive skills by (a) planning and (b) reviewing and evaluating goal-directed self-talk. Participants completed three time-to-exhaustion cycling task trials in which we hypothesized that the intervention group would perform significantly better than the control group. Further, we expected a reduction in perceived exertion for a given workload among participants following a self-talk intervention. Thirty-four participants completed a time-to-exhaustion cycle ergometer test, after which participants were randomly divided into an intervention and control group. The intervention group performed reflection tasks on performance in the time-to-exhaustion test. Participants completed two further time-to-exhaustion tests. Repeated measures analyses of covariance to test whether the intervention group performed for longer indicated no significant difference in time to exhaustion (p = 0.157). Perceived exertion rates were 2.42% higher in the intervention compared to the control group (p = 0.025). In conclusion, in the intervention group, goal-directed self-talk led to increased sensitisation to perceived exertion, and participants chose to stop exercising at this point rather than repeat implementation of self-talk statements and persist for longer.

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We investigated the effects of an intervention that encouraged reflection on organic self-talk used during endurance performance. Using an experimental design, we compared the effects of enhancing metacognitive skills by (a) planning and (b) reviewing and evaluating goal-directed self-talk. Participants completed three time-to-exhaustion cycling task trials in which we hypothesized that the intervention group would perform significantly better than the control group. Further, we expected a reduction in perceived exertion for a given workload among participants following a self-talk intervention. Thirty-four participants completed a time-to-exhaustion cycle ergometer test, after which participants were randomly divided into an intervention and control group. The intervention group performed reflection tasks on performance in the time-to-exhaustion test. Participants completed two further time-to-exhaustion tests. Repeated measures analyses of covariance to test whether the intervention group performed for longer indicated no significant difference in time to exhaustion (p = 0.157). Perceived exertion rates were 2.42% higher in the intervention compared to the control group (p = 0.025). In conclusion, in the intervention group, goal-directed self-talk led to increased sensitisation to perceived exertion, and participants chose to stop exercising at this point rather than repeat implementation of self-talk statements and persist for longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]