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The article discusses the classification of existing models for predicting given events according to the statistics of all their forecasts and an algorithm for using the intersection or combination of sets of forecasts projections with other models to find the best pairs. The following terms were introduced: “necessary”, “sufficient”, “unnecessary” and “insufficient” forecasting models. This is discussed…this is discussed in the earthquake forecasting examples, and insufficient similarly be used to predict other events. We explained what “necessary” and “sufficient” models are. For “unnecessary” models, an algorithm is given for how to choose a hybrid model - the intersection of two or more models that together give a forecast with a higher probability. We also discussed “sufficient” models and an algorithm for selecting such “sufficient” models, the combination of which completely covers all past events, that is, the combination of such “sufficient” models becomes “necessary”. Discusses how one can obtain a "sufficient" or "nearly sufficient" forecasting model by combining "necessary" models, and by combining "sufficient" models to obtain a "necessary" or “almost necessary” models. Also unnecessary models is discussed. In our earlier work, these models were not taken into account; such models were removed from the model database. Similarly, when considering “sufficient” models, if the forecast of the occurrence of an event is specified redundantly, such a model can be excluded from the set of “sufficient” models. From “sufficient” models we obtain the “necessary” model, which will be both “sufficient” and “necessary” at the same time. In addition, we combine enough models to get the “necessary” model. All of this uses forecast statistics to strategically select a hybrid model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Prenatal care (PNC) is a core element of preventive care and is vital in identifying and managing conditions that can put the pregnant person and the fetus at risk. National and international guidelines differ in what is considered adequate or quality PNC. Indices of care adequacy rely only on number of attended PNC visits without regard to factors that affect a patient's ability to obtain care or the quality of the care received. This integrative review explored stakeholders' perceptions of adequate and quality PNC. Methods: Three electronic databases, CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched to identify original research articles published between 2012 and April 2022. Studies conducted in the United States, published in a peer‐reviewed journal, and having a primary focus on the components of adequate or quality PNC were included. The quality of included studies was assessed via the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs. Results: Thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. The concepts of adequate or quality PNC were not well defined in the literature. Studies revealed a variety of approaches to assessing individual components of PNC with at times conflicting results of what adequate or quality PNC is. Viewpoints regarding adequacy or quality of PNC were limited by the perceptions and interpretations of individual stakeholders, who included researchers, public health officials, insurers, health care providers, and patients. Discussion: Ideas of how to redesign PNC were affected by study setting and stakeholders, as well as the emergence and integration of telehealth into PNC delivery. This review is a first step in identifying the gap in the research literature regarding how these concepts are defined and measured. Future research is needed to identify the relevant components of PNC that are necessary to reach consensus definitions of both adequacy and quality of PNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phenomenon is observed during bereavement amongst the Methodists residing in Mamelodi, Pretoria. Families often seek the churches to be involved, and this normally entails offering pastoral care and leading Christian bereavement rituals. Ironically and at the same time, the same families require, perform, and observe African traditional bereavement rituals. This observation raises the question: Are the Methodist Church’s bereavement rituals conducted during bereavement insufficient? Does this phenomenon mean that what the Methodist Church offers its members is inadequate/lacking to offer healing and comfort to the bereaved families during their time of grief? A qualitative approach and interviews were used as a data-collection method within a (descriptive-explorative) case study design. Many African scholars acknowledge and have written at length about the significance of bereavement rituals among African communities. This research found that it is not a matter of being sufficient or insufficient, but rather that there is a deficit in teachings regarding what these rituals mean. The Methodist Church’s rituals are devoid of the African-ness, which embraces the culture and identity of the Black African members to whom they are ministering. As much as they are appreciated, they run short of embracing their identity as African people. Some participants interviewed did acknowledge that the Methodist Churches’ Christian bereavement rituals are sufficient for them but this is not the case for all adherents of the faith.

In the context of sufficient dimension reduction (SDR), the sliced inverse regression (SIR) successfully reduces the covariate dimension of a high-dimensional nonlinear regression. When the covariate is low or moderate dimensional, the performance of the SIR is insensitive to the number of slices. However, our empirical studies indicate that the performance of the SIR relies heavily on the number of slices when the covariate is high or ultrahigh dimensional. Determining the optimal number of slices remains an open problem in the SDR literature, despite its importance to the effectiveness of SIR in high- and ultrahigh-dimensional regressions. Thus, we propose an improved version of the SIR, called the cumulative slicing estimation (CUME) method, that does not require selecting an optimal number of slices. We provide a general framework in which to analyze the phase transitions of the CUME method. We show that, without the sparsity assumption, the CUME method is consistent if and only if p/n → 0, where p denotes the covariate dimension, and n denotes the sample size. If we include certain sparsity assumptions, then the thresholding estimate for the CUME method is consistent as long as log(p)/n → 0. We demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method using extensive numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phenomenon is observed during bereavement amongst the Methodists residing in Mamelodi, Pretoria. Families often seek the churches to be involved, and this normally entails offering pastoral care and leading Christian bereavement rituals. Ironically and at the same time, the same families require, perform, and observe African traditional bereavement rituals. This observation raises the question: Are the Methodist Church's bereavement rituals conducted during bereavement insufficient? Does this phenomenon mean that what the Methodist Church offers its members is inadequate/lacking to offer healing and comfort to the bereaved families during their time of grief? A qualitative approach and interviews were used as a data-collection method within a (descriptive-explorative) case study design. Many African scholars acknowledge and have written at length about the significance of bereavement rituals among African communities. This research found that it is not a matter of being sufficient or insufficient, but rather that there is a deficit in teachings regarding what these rituals mean. The Methodist Church's rituals are devoid of the African-ness, which embraces the culture and identity of the Black African members to whom they are ministering. As much as they are appreciated, they run short of embracing their identity as African people. Some participants interviewed did acknowledge that the Methodist Churches' Christian bereavement rituals are sufficient for them but this is not the case for all adherents of the faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the zero solution of scalar Volterra integro-dynamic equation on general time scales. Our approach is based on the construction of suitable Lyapunov functionals. We will compare our findings with known results and provides application to quantum calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical theory aims to provide a foundation for studying the collection and interpretation of data, a foundation that does not depend on the particular details of the substantive field in which the data are being considered. This gives a systematic way to approach new problems, and a common language for summarising results; ideally, the foundations and common language ensure that statistical aspects of one study, or of several studies on closely related phenomena, can be broadly accessible. We discuss some principles of statistical inference, to outline how these are, or could be, used to inform the interpretation of results, and to provide a greater degree of coherence for the foundations of statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There is growing evidence indicating a connection between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of asthma exacerbations. This study seeks to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the number and severity of asthma exacerbation in adults. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 92 patients being treated for asthma at the University of New Mexico Adult Asthma Clinic. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were analyzed in adults with mild to severe persistent asthma. Using multi-variant modeling, the relationship was examined between serum vitamin D levels and the odds of asthma exacerbations ranging in severity from moderate to severe over the span of five years. Results: This study demonstrates that vitamin D sufficiency was significantly associated with a decreased total number of asthma exacerbations (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.84, p = 0.002), decreased total severe asthma exacerbations (IRR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24-0.72, p = 0.002) and decreased emergency room visits (IRR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20-0.88, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be linked to the risk of severe asthma exacerbations in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Institute of Medicine (IOM; 2010) has called for a transformation of the nursing profession to lead the redesign of health care in the United States. It acknowledges the need for profound change in nursing education, particularly advanced practice education, to produce the next generation of leaders in sufficient quantity to expand access, improve quality, and reduce cost. Although the IOM provides welcome validation of nursing's significant role, most of the recommendations are not new and have been advocated by nurse educators for decades. What has prevented us from creating the nimble and responsive educational programs that would ensure a sufficient corpus of advanced practice nurses with the relevant knowledge and skill to transform our ailing health system? Conceptualizing nursing as a complex, adaptive system (J.W. Begun and K. White, 1997), this article explores three examples of the dominant logic, grounded in a historical legacy that has kept the nursing profession from realizing its promise as a potent force: (a) the continuing preference for experience over education, (b) the belief that only nurses can teach nurses, and (c) the hegemony of the research doctorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to reveal pre-service Turkish Language teachers' perceptions about reading and reading education. This study is descriptive in nature. To collect data, a questionnaire developed by researchers was used and the data analyzed by survey method. 156 pre- service Turkish Language Teachers who were taught in 3rd and 4th grade participated. The questionnaire was applied to participants in 2011, spring term. Mean, percent, frequencies, t-test, one-way ANOVA statistical procedures were used to acquire the results. According to results, all pre-service teachers believed that "reading books are beneficial". On the other hand, they found themselves partly adequate about "To be sensitive for importance of gaining reading habit" and "to be aware of objective and subjective notions". There is no statistical difference between men and women pre-service teachers' preconceptions about reading education and reading proficiency. It is understood from statistical analysis that 4th grade pre-service teachers found themselves more adequate than 3rd grade pre-service teachers. Additionally, pre-service teachers who were taught in evening education found themselves more adequate than the others in formal education. Finally, there is no statistical difference about pre-service teachers' perceptions reading proficiency and reading education as to high schools which they graduated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the search for neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), the concept of ‘consciousness’ remains problematic. We suggest that not only the ‘consciousness’ in neural correlates of consciousness is a confused term, but ‘correlates’ is as well. When brain events are found to covary with conscious experience, these brain events can be the neural substrates of the experience, as is often (implicitly) suggested, but they can also be neural prerequisites or neural consequences of the experience. We here disentangle these different sorts of brain processes conceptually. But we also propose a concrete multi-pronged research program that may, in near-future consciousness research, distinguish these brain processes empirically. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The equation[image omitted] is viewed as a perturbation of the equation[image omitted] which does not oscillate at infinity. The sequences [image omitted] [image omitted] are assumed real, rn>0 for all n ≥ 0, the sequences [image omitted] may be complex-valued. We study the Hartman-Wintner problem on asymptotic 'integration' of (1) for large n in terms of solutions of (2) and the perturbation [image omitted] . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]